Calvin Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge was born in Plymouth Notch, Vermont on July 4, 1872.

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Coolidge was a supporter of laissez-faire free market capitalism and was an economic nationalist (following the tradition of conservatives during the 19th century). He supported high tariffs to protect American businesses from foreign competition, massive tax cuts and greatly reducing spending with a corresponding reduction in the national debt, as well as tight monetary policy and low inflation.

President Coolidge was respectable and stable. These were two of his strengths. This enabled him to clean up the corruption of the former administration.

He wouldn't have any views on slavery since he was born seven years after slavery was abolished

Calvin Coolidge was the 30th president of the United States. He was conservative and believed in a small government, which had little say in what businesses did. So, in short, the way Coolidge felt about government regulation of business activity, is that he didn't like it, and he didn't believe in it.

No- His wife ,Grace , lived on for about 24 years after he died.

He was quite conservative and favoured laissez-faire economics. He managed to restore faith in the White House after the scandals surrounding Warren G. Harding's administration, and left with much popularty. He was often seen as representing the middle class and interpreting what they wanted. He presided over a time of great growth and prosperity, and has been praised for his small government policies. Others believe that his failure to regulate the economy would lead to the Wall Street Crash, which would strike less than a year after he left office.

Harding's economic policies are actually a good example of how a laissez-faire approach addresses economic downturns, the downturn here being the depression of 1920-21. According to the Department of Commerce, GNP fell 18% and unemployment had reached 12%. As a point of comparison, there was no point during the depression a decade later when deflation shot so high so quickly.

Contrary to the pleadings of Herbert Hoover, Harding opted not to use his office in the more progressive manner associated currently with Keynesians and prior to Harding's administration with Wilson (aggressive centralized fiscal policies boosting government spending to "prime the pump"). Harding, realizing that the expansion of credit Wilson and the Federal Reserve (actually created during Wilson's administration) had espoused had led to nearly 20% inflation by 1919 only to be followed by equally vicious deflation a year later, actually cut the federal budget from its wartime levels by 72% from 1919 to 1921 and lowered taxes across the board. The national debt consequently fell by $300 million due to the surplus.

It is sometimes thought that Harding favored big business and opposed labor, though there are those who view this as a "cum hoc, ergo propter hoc" fallacy. Labor unions historically keep a low profile during economic downturns and it is unwise for a government looking to foster growth to make it more difficult for the entities doing the hiring to afford their employees. Similarly, tax cuts necessarily result in greater dollar-for-dollar savings for high earners, as they pay the bulk of the taxes anyway.

Coolidge continued along the same lines as Harding, with equally impressive results. It was under his administration that income taxes that had been as high as 65% under Wilson and that Harding had worked to reduce were brought down to 20%. Government spending remained low, and under Coolidge the national debt went from $22.3 billion to $16.9 billion. By his own admission of a decidedly pro-business mindset, his policies' benefits extended to all Americans; so much so that by the end of his administration 98% of the American people paid no income tax at all, yet the government still showed surpluses in excess of $700 million that same year.

Calvin Coolidge, after taking office in 1923, kept most of the policies created under the Harding administration. He intentionally only worked about four hours a day. He believed the government that governed least, governed best. To be fair, the decade of the 1920s is called an era of prosperity. This is because even after some mild economic bumps, the economy recovered rapidly. Unemployment was generally low and quality of living was up. Soon, the economy busted, as it does after many conservative eras. This is because the conservative party views the natural capitalistic cycle of boom and bust as a necessary part of the economy. Liberals tend to regulate the market more to ensure price stability, etc. The result is higher lows and lower highs.

So, Coolidge failed to regulate the market, leading to many people investing they didn't have with the promise of using property as collateral. When the stock market crashed, people lost the money they had hypothetically gained during the era of prosperity. Banks, a major investing force in the economy, failed when they lost the money of their clients. Overall, America was left with very little capital to spend towards redeveloping the economy.

After the scandals during the Harding administration, Coolidge used his reputation as a conservative to reassure the country, and was elected President in his own right in 1924. Although he avoided control of the government by business, his laissez-fair policies allowed many businesses to engage in untenable economic practices, and these continued under Herbert Hoover.

At first President Hoover tried to organize national optimism by summoning business execs to DC to declare that conditions were sound and that there would not be wage cutting. When that did not work (stop the depression), he became inactive for a while, trusting to the idea that it all would self-correct. When that did not work, he organized an international moratorium in war debts and reparations. This actually did help stem the slide further into depression, but only briefly. Then he set up the Reconstruction Finance Corp. to bring federal aid to hard pressed banks and businesses. Just as it seemed that this might work and that recovery was at hand, in the winter of 1932-33 the banking system in America went into a tailspin. On March 4, 1933, the American banking system ground to a complete halt. Hoover was an able and intelligent president who attempted orthodox economic ideas, but became a victim to the collapse of the system.

Calvin Coolidge won the 1924 presidential election defeating John Davis. In the 1924 presidential election Calvin Coolidge received 382 electoral votes and John Davis received 136 electoral votes. The popular vote totals were Coolidge 15,719,921 and Davis 8,386,704. Progressive Party candidate LaFollette received 4,822,856 popular votes for President, but no electoral votes.

Calvin Coolidge was famously unathletic. He played golf because presidents were expected to play golf, but he was terrible; he routinely took up to ten strokes to get onto the green. When his term ended, so the story goes, the only personal possession he left behind for Taft was his bag of clubs.

To make relations between Coolidge and sports even worse, his son died from an infected blister he developed while playing tennis shortly before the presidential inauguration.

Calvin Coolidge was a lawyer, and he was the Governor of Massachusetts.

* "Cautious Cal" * "Cool Cal," His reelection campaign used the slogan, "Keep It Cool With Coolidge" * "Silent Cal" * "The Sphinx of the Potomac," Suggesting that he was as enigmatic as the mythological creature

No president can pass any laws. Coolidge stepped when Harding died and pretty much followed Harding's philosophy of government. Laws were passed by Congress as usual.

From 1921 until 1923, Calvin Coolidge was the U. S. Vice President, so he would have lived at the Vice President's residence on Observatory Hill. From 1919 until 1921, he was the Governor of Massachusetts, so, although Massachusetts does not have a Governor's Mansion, he probably lived in or near Boston at that time.

He had been married over 27 years when he died.

Despite his reputation as a quiet and even reclusive politician, Calvin Coolidge made use of the new medium of radio and made radio history several times while President. On Dec. 6, 1923, the first presidential address was broadcast on the radio. President Calvin Coolidge delivered what is now known as the State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress.

Coolidge was a member of the Republican Party..

laissez-faire

Coolidge believed in trimming the budget, reducing the national debt, and lowering taxes.