Century - 1700s

The Enclosure Acts, which allowed landowners to fence off common lands previously used by villagers, made life more difficult for English villagers in the 18th century. This led to the loss of traditional rights to graze animals and collect firewood, forcing many villagers into poverty and displacing them from their homes.

In the 1700s, New York's landform consisted of mountains, forests, rivers, and valleys. The state's topography included the Adirondack Mountains in the north, the Catskill Mountains in the south, the Hudson River running through the eastern part, and the Great Lakes to the west. Much of the area was covered in dense forests, which provided important resources for trade and settlement.

In the 1700s, Georgia's geography was characterized by rich coastal plains, swampy marshlands, and dense forests. The region was also home to the Appalachian Mountains in the northern part of the state, providing a diverse landscape with opportunities for agriculture, trade, and settlement. Additionally, rivers like the Savannah and Chattahoochee played a crucial role in transportation and commerce during this period.

New York has changed dramatically during the last few centuries. The geography in New York during the late 1700s was a lot of trees and some mountains. There were some open plains and/or valleys. The Erie Canal and the St. Lawrence Seaway were not built yet, and Battery Park in New York City wasn't there.

Since then, there have been multiple streams covered up, canals built and covered up - tons of changes. Not to mention the shoreline was heavily filled in over time with either garbage, construction debris, spare dirt, or even the remains of mansions. Regarding the streams and rivers that used to be in New York, those started out as sources for drinking water and fishing, and eventually turned into literal rivers of sewage.

Enlightenment thinkers promoted ideas of religious tolerance, separation of church and state, and the importance of reason in decision-making. Philosophers like John Locke influenced these ideas by arguing for religious freedom and the rights of individuals to govern themselves. Montesquieu advocated for the separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny and promote liberty. Voltaire critiqued religious intolerance and the influence of the church on politics.

Maria Theresa's legacy lies in her efforts to modernize administration and education in the Habsburg Empire, as well as her advocacy for healthcare and social welfare reforms. Phillis Wheatley's legacy as the first African-American author to publish a book of poetry signifies a voice for marginalized communities and serves as a symbol of literary achievement in the face of adversity. Both women contribute to modern society by inspiring others to push boundaries and fight for equality.

The scientific revolution emphasized empirical evidence and rational thought, which influenced Enlightenment thinkers to apply these principles to society and government. This led to ideas such as natural rights, social contracts, and the separation of powers, which shaped the foundation of modern political thought and influenced revolutionary movements. The emphasis on reason and individual autonomy challenged traditional forms of authority and led to increased calls for democracy and egalitarianism.

Yes, the 18th-century French revolutionaries were inspired by Enlightenment ideas such as the belief in individual rights, equality, and liberty. They sought to challenge the absolute monarchy and feudal system that existed in France at the time, drawing upon Enlightenment philosophy to justify their actions and visions for a more just society.

The Enlightenment movement in the 18th century emphasized the power of human reason and rationality in understanding the world and guiding human affairs. Philosophers like Immanuel Kant and John Locke promoted ideas of individual liberty, free inquiry, and the importance of critical thinking in shaping society.

Thomas Hobbes believed that the purpose of government was to provide security, maintain order, and prevent a state of nature where individuals would be in a constant state of conflict. He argued that people would willingly give up some of their freedoms to a governing authority in exchange for protection and peace.

The 18th century French revolutionaries were inspired by Enlightenment principles such as liberty, equality, and fraternity. They sought to abolish the monarchy and establish a democratic government based on these ideals, leading to the overthrow of the French monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic. The revolutionaries believed in the power of reason, individual rights, and the importance of educating the masses, all of which were central themes of the Enlightenment.

The 1700s was known as the Age of Enlightenment, a period when people started to emphasize the use of reason and logic to improve society and make informed decisions. This intellectual movement promoted ideas such as individual rights, separation of church and state, and empirical scientific inquiry. Key figures of this period include philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Kant.

Wollstonecraft believed that education and social environment significantly influenced human behavior. She argued that societal norms and expectations played a crucial role in shaping individuals' beliefs, actions, and character. Additionally, Wollstonecraft advocated for equal educational opportunities for men and women to ensure that all individuals could reach their full potential.

The devastation of the Thirty Years' War led many to question traditional institutions and authorities, paving the way for a more critical and rational approach to knowledge. The war also highlighted the dangers of religious dogmatism and fueled a desire for religious tolerance and secularism, key ideas of the Enlightenment. Additionally, the peace treaties that ended the war laid the foundation for a new system of international relations based on secular principles.

European philosophers in the 1700s were influenced by Enlightenment ideals such as individual rights, freedom of speech, and separation of powers. They also advocated for representative government, religious tolerance, and the pursuit of knowledge through reason and scientific inquiry. These beliefs laid the foundation for modern democratic principles and challenged established hierarchies of power.

Romantics in the 1700s believed in the power of emotion, individualism, nature, and the supernatural. They valued personal experience over reason and sought to evoke strong emotions and connect with the natural world in their art and writing. Romanticism was a reaction against the rationalism and industrialization of the Enlightenment period.

The philosopher John Locke, particularly his ideas on natural rights and social contract theory, influenced the creation of the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution. Locke's belief in individual rights and limited government played a significant role in shaping the principles behind the Bill of Rights.

The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement in the 1700s that emphasized reason, science, and individualism over tradition and authority. It promoted the idea of progress through education and the belief in human rights, leading to advancements in science, politics, and social reform. It challenged the power of monarchs and religious institutions, paving the way for modern democratic societies.

Those thinkers are called Enlightenment philosophers. They were known for promoting notions such as individual rights, the separation of church and state, and the importance of reason and critical thinking in shaping society.

The 18th century intellectual movement beginning in France was called the Enlightenment. It was characterized by a focus on reason, science, and individual rights, and sought to challenge traditional authority and promote progress and freedom.

Dr. Jose Rizal, a Filipino national hero, was known for his many talents which included being a physician, artist, writer, poet, linguist, sculptor, and a reformist. He was also skilled in sciences, languages, and philosophy, and was known for his leadership and advocacy for social reforms and national independence.

Romantics in the 1700s in Europe tended to believe in the importance of emotional expression, individualism, and connection to nature. They often rejected reason and sought to evoke strong emotions and experiences in their art and literature. Romanticism was a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment period.

This group of thinkers is known as the Enlightenment thinkers or philosophers. They believed in using reason and logic to challenge traditional beliefs, promote individual liberties, advocate for natural laws governing society, and work towards the progress and improvement of human happiness through education and rational thought. Key figures include Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Locke.

He was imprisoned for assassinating the king of Scandinavia. He killed 3 guards, the king, and the kings wife. It is argued among many that Haym actually killed 7, as he also killed the kings advisor, and the queens baby, who was still in the whom. But others argue the advisor worked with Haym, as he disappeared after the indecent, but a body was never found, and there were reported sightings of him in Greece a few months later.

The Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia was the first jail to be converted to a penitentiary in the late 1700s. It became known as the Pennsylvania System, emphasizing solitude and penitence for reform rather than punishment.