Charles Darwin

Hutton and Lyell studied the geological changes that shaped earth and recognized that the processes that shaped Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present. This influenced Darwin's theory of evolution because it shows, that things are constantly changing on earth (the enviorment) so why can't organisms?

The inventions of Charles Darwin is.. d kuh rin alam :p. haha! kala muh answeran kuh noh?? neknek muh! wla nga akoh ma search na invention nia tos akoh mag answer? d sna d kuh na i search! psteeeeee. an net. kulang2x ang searchess

1) The glaring lack of transitional fossils has been noted by the evolutionists themselves, such as this statement from the famous paleontologist and evolutionist George G. Simpson; quote: "The regular lack of transitional fossils is not confined to primates alone, but is an almost universal phenomenon."
"The lack of transitional series cannot be explained as being due to the scarcity of material. The deficiencies are real; they will never be filled" (Nilsson, N. Heribert).
"To the unprejudiced, the fossil record of plants is in favor of special creation" (Corner, E.J.H., Contemporary Botanical Thought).
2) Instances of falsifying of evidence by evolutionists, such as Haeckel's drawings, Archaeoraptor, the Cardiff "specimen," and Piltdown Man.
"Haeckel exaggerated the similarities [between embryos of different species] by idealizations and omissions, in a procedure that can only be called fraudulent. His drawings never fooled embryologists, who recognized his fudgings right from the start. The drawings, despite their noted inaccuracies, entered into the standard student textbooks of biology. Once ensconced in textbooks, misinformation becomes cocooned and effectively permanent, because textbooks copy from previous texts. We do, I think, have the right to be both astonished and ashamed by the century of mindless recycling that has led to the persistence of these drawings in a large number, if not a majority, of modern textbooks (Stephen Gould).
Dr. Jonathan Wells published a book in 2002 entitled Icons of Evolution. Dr. Wells states that the book shows that "the best-known 'evidences' for Darwin's theory have been exaggerated, distorted or even faked."
3) Creationists see the "survival of the fittest" and the dating of rock layers by fossils as being perfect tautologies.
4) The fact that some qualified, educated, normal scientists do not believe in evolution. Or at least question it, even if they still preach evolution: "Nine-tenths of the talk of evolutionists is sheer nonsense, not founded on observation and wholly unsupported by facts. This museum is full of proofs of the utter falsity of their views. In all this great museum, there is not a particle of evidence of the transmutation of species" (Dr. Etheridge, Paleontologist of the British Museum).
"To postulate that the development and survival of the fittest is entirely a consequence of chance mutations seems to me a hypothesis based on no evidence and irreconcilable with the facts. It amazes me that this is swallowed so uncritically and readily, and for such a long time, by so many scientists without murmur of protest" (Sir Ernest Chain, Nobel Prize winner).
5) The fact that there is a shared, worldwide tradition among every ancient society that the world was created.
6) Evolving of new species has not been witnessed during known history.
7) Mutations are harmful, not beneficial. One of the tasks of DNA and of long-term breeding is to avoid or repair any changes brought about by mutations. This means that our genetic apparatus is programmed to resist change.
8) Mutations, even if beneficial, do not create new organs.
9) The fact that a great number of fossils have been found in the "wrong" rock-layers according to what evolutionary paleontology would require.
10) The fact that you need DNA to make DNA. No genetic code can be demonstrated to have arisen by chance, together with the ability to read that code and carry out its instructions. Information does not arise spontaneously; and there is an incredible amount of information in even the tiniest cell.
"A living cell is so awesomely complex that its interdependent components stagger the imagination and defy evolutionary explanations" (Michael Denton, author).
"The astounding structural complexity of a cell" (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Concerning a single structure within a cell: "Without the motor protein, the microtubules don't slide and the cilium simply stands rigid. Without nexin, the tubules will slide against each other until they completely move past each other and the cilium disintegrates. Without the tubulin, there are no microtubules and no motion. The cilium is irreducibly complex. Like a mousetrap, it has all the properties of design and none of the properties of natural selection" (Michael Behe, prof. of biophysics).
11) The problem of the impossibility of abiogenesis in general. "The concept of abiogenesis is not science. It's fantasy" (J.L. Wile, Ph.D.).
12) The fact that evolution was once used as support for the belief that Blacks (or others) are less than highly-evolved humans. "Darwin was also convinced that the Europeans were evolutionarily more advanced than the black races" (Steven Rose, author). He also "reasoned that males are more evolutionarily advanced than females" (B. Kevics, author).
13. The first and second laws of thermodynamics point clearly to a Creator, since things undergo entropy rather than get more orderly over time.
14. "Radiometric techniques may not be the absolute dating methods that they are claimed to be. Age-estimates on a given geological stratum by different radiometric methods are often very different. There is no absolutely reliable long-term radiological clock. The uncertainties inherent in radiometric dating are disturbing to geologists and evolutionists." William D. Stansfield, Ph.D., Instructor of Biology, California Polytechnic State University.
15. "Even total rock systems may be open during metamorphism and may have their isotopic systems changed, making it impossible to determine their geologic age." Prof. Gunter Faure (Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus.)
16 a). At current rates of erosion the amount of sea-floor sediments actually found do not support a "billions of years" age for the Earth.
b) The amount of Sodium Chloride in the sea, also, is a small fraction of what the "old Earth" theory would postulate.
c) The Earth's magnetic field is decaying too fast to extrapolate a long age for the Earth.
d) The rate of accumulation of Moon-dust has been measured; and the amount of dust on the Moon was found to be vastly less than what scientists had predicted before the Moon-landings.
e) Helium is generated by radioactive elements as they decay. The escape of this helium into the atmosphere can be measured. According to the Evolutionary age of the Earth there should be much more helium in the atmosphere, instead of the 0.05% that is actually there.

Basically he came up with an evolution theory before Darwin...According to him acquired traits could be passed on.

Let's look at an example:

Take a girrafe...why do they have such long necks? According to Lamarack long time ago the trees started getting taller and so the girrafes had to stretch their necks to get to the leaves. This caused an extention in their necks. And the long necks were passed on by the parents to their offsprings...u gotta remember this is Lamarack theory (NOT TRUE)!!

the evolution theory we believe in today is Darwin's. AFter Lamarack Darwin started studying evolution and figured out that the long necks evolved because of a variation in species and survival of the fittest. Basically according to him, long time ago their were short-necked girrafes and long-necked girrafes but as the trees started to grow taller only the long-necked were able to survive because they could get to the leaves..

Charles Darwin is important because he developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized the way we understand the diversity of life on Earth. His work provided a scientific explanation for how species change over time and adapt to their environments. Darwin's ideas continue to influence biology, ecology, and our understanding of the natural world.

The two major mechanisms of evolution according to Darwin are natural selection and genetic drift. Natural selection acts on heritable traits that affect an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, leading to the accumulation of beneficial traits over generations. Genetic drift, on the other hand, refers to random changes in the frequency of traits in a population due to chance events, which can lead to genetic variation over time.

One of Darwin's key insights was that the traits of individuals that enable them to survive and reproduce in their environment will become more common in future generations. This process, known as natural selection, leads to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environment over time.

The concept of the "immutability of species" suggests that species are fixed and unchanging over time, as proposed by earlier naturalists before the theory of evolution. This idea was challenged by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which suggests that species can change over time through the process of natural selection.

DNA is fundamental to our understanding of evolution. DNA does not change and so showing evolution over time, but it is merely evidence of an evolutionary link between certain species. For example, DNA is extremely similar between humans and apes. Darwin and his theory suggested that modern humans developed from apes through evolution. The fact that human and ape DNA is about 97.5% the same shows a possible link between our possible ancestors and humans.

Because DNA provides much of the information about ourselves. DNA also can give clues about a person's intelligence. Intelligence seems to be more important than brute strength from an evolutionary standpoint, because we humans used our phenomenal smarts to outwit other stronger species to get food.

Mutation is an interesting topic because it can be for the better or for the worse. Mutations are caused by an error or misprint in the DNA as the DNA is being 'printed out' by enzymes. In other words, a mutation is simply a mistake in our DNA. Humans have about an average of 50 mutations in our DNA, and generally few or none are harmful.

A possible mutation that we humans have is dairy tolerance from cows and sheep, goats, even CAMELS after we reach the age of three.

The trait for blue eyes is actually a mutation that stems from one person almost 10,000 years ago and it and the lack of skin pigment that goes with it allowed us to live in areas with low sunlight.

Each organism gets chromosomes from both their mother and father, and the number obviously varies between species. Humans, for instance, have 46 chromosomes, which consist of one set of 23 from each parent. These 23 pairs of chromosomes are contained within the nucleus of our cells.

DNA replicates itself by unraveling the double helix and making copies of the original strands through the aid of enzymes.

Chromosomes are prone to 4 kinds of mutations: deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. Deletion happens when a section is not replicated. Inversion happens when a section flips itself inward (i.e. head over heels) from its original position. Duplication happens when a section is doubled. Translocation happens when the section of one chromosome is switched with a section from another chromosome. This happens because chromosomes fold over each other during replication. This can sometimes result in the complete fusion of separate chromosomes (this is why humans have 46 and our relatives the chimps have 48).

Humans and other organisms commonly have thousands of non-harmful mutations in their genes and chromosomes. However, these mutations can sometimes have negative or beneficial effects. A negative example would be the way base pair substitution in the hemoglobin gene can lead to Sickle-Cell Anemia. This nasty disease causes red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, which can lead to complications like stroke and kidney failure. The disease plagues many African-Americans. Oddly enough, SCE is also a beneficial example. The gene mutation that causes SCE is believed to have arisen in Africa where it provides people with a resistance to Malaria.

The primary function of all life is to pass on genes to the next generation. Those who have more children are considered to be the fittest in their environment. If a random mutation provides an organism with a survival advantage, they will be able to pass on more genes than their peers.

A survival advantage could be a fish being born with a bony segment in its fins that would allow it to travel briefly between shrinking water sources during a time of drought or to catch prey on the shoreline during aquatic food shortages.

The fish would naturally survive longer than those born without this mutation and pass on more genes. This means the environment would determine the mutation to be beneficial. This is known as Natural Selection.

Natural Selection is the mechanism that drives evolution. This is because random mutations can accumulate over periods of deep time to produce large scale changes in the morphology of a species until they become a new species altogether.

The fish I described above is actually an ancient species known as the Lobed-Fin, which first waddled the earth some 400 million years ago. Natural selection eventually caused the descendants of this fish to take on more adaptations better suited for life on land, including lungs (adapted air bladders) and jointed limbs. Groups split off during the following ages to give rise to the amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (including humans). All of this diversity came from only small incremental changes over millions of years.

Sexual Selection is a type of Natural Selection. But instead of the environment determining whether a trait is beneficial, it is the female of a species that determines the benefit.

Females tend to choose mating partners based on physical attributes that signal the resulting offspring will survive to pass on their genes.

Female Gorillas, for example, are half the size of males because they select powerful mating partners. Males battle each other for mating rights with the females. Males who are the biggest and the strongest stand a better chance of passing on their genes and producing offspring with the same traits.

This explains why gorillas are so much larger than the other great apes. Another example is the tail of a male Peacock. Females select males with larger, more ornate tails to mate with.

The tails are actually quite heavy and create a risk to the male because it costs extra energy to maintain such a secondary sexual characteristic not to mention the fact that the extra weight would slow escape from a predator. But the size and color of the tail signals to the female that the male is strong with good genes. These characteristics were initially conceived through mutation and then built upon through sexual selection.

Charles Darwin first published his theory of evolution through natural selection in his book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. However, he started developing his ideas on evolution during his voyage on the HMS Beagle in the 1830s.

The height of a population would be an example of a continuously variable characteristic. This applies only if a consistent sample, such as a large number of people of a particular age and sex, is considered.

The statement "organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce" best illustrates Darwin's theory of natural selection. This concept highlights the idea that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation, leading to the gradual evolution of populations over time.

Charles Darwin is considered special because he proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized the field of biology. His ideas helped to explain the diversity of life on Earth and laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. Additionally, his work sparked debates on the origins of species and continues to influence scientific research today.

Scientists research the problem and gather data to work out how to solve it. They may do a survey such as a market research survey sent to members of the public who are randomly selected. scientists may also research on the net or in books by different authotrs to get as much and varied information as possible to draw their conclusions.

Examples of biochemicals include amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. These molecules play essential roles in various biological processes such as energy production, cell structure, and genetic information storage and transfer.

Charles Darwin realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only a long period of survival, but also its ability to reproduce and pass on its genes to the next generation. This concept forms the basis of his theory of natural selection, which emphasizes the importance of reproductive fitness in shaping the evolution of species.

fittest. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring. Over time, this process leads to the adaptation of species to their environment.

Industrial melanism is an example of directional selection, not stabilizing selection. In this phenomenon, environmental changes such as pollution cause a shift in the frequency of dark-colored individuals within a population, which increases their survival rates due to camouflage. Stabilizing selection, on the other hand, favors the intermediate phenotype, reducing the variation in a population.

The presence of extinct and transitional forms in the fossil record supports the pattern component of the theory of evolution by natural selection because it provides tangible evidence of how species have changed over time. These fossils act as snapshots of different stages of evolution, showing the gradual transformation of species from common ancestors to their present forms. The continuity in the fossil record is consistent with the predictions of evolutionary theory, demonstrating the gradual divergence and diversification of species over millions of years.

Charles Darwin spent several decades formulating and confirming his Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, and did not publish it until he was quite certain about every detail. Of course, he is no longer alive, but he died convinced of the reliability of the Theory.

Evolution is the observed effect of natural selection acting on reproductive variation. Natural selection is a continuous process. The rate at which natural selection changes allele frequencies depends on the effect of the allele in the world. If the allele considered provides a significant reproductive benefit when compared to rival alleles, it will spread throughout the population gene pool much faster than the rival alleles.

Charles Darwin's book published in 1859 was titled "On the Origin of Species." This groundbreaking work introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized the way we understand the diversity of life on Earth.

The debate of the creation of humanity dates back to when science was just beginning to become a major contender of religion.

According to Christian faith, their deity known as God, created man through Adam and Eve, from which all supposedly descend from. This is supported by entries in the Bible.

The theory of evolution of mankind, proposed by English naturalist, Charles Robert Darwin, suggests that man was not simply created by a deity, but instead evolved as a species from apes in a process known as natural selection. This is supported by the study of how other species and animals evolve and our similarities to apes.

Malthus's idea was that our food production grows at a linear rate, while our population grows logistally. More people are being born than can be fed. Thus this leads competition for survival. Darwin observed that this is true for all organisms. More offsprings are born than can be sustained, thus leading to differential survival of organisms, thus natural selection.