Chemical Engineering

As biological organisms take in sustenance, they take in the elements in whatever ratio of isotopes is common in their environment. By feeding them water or air or something that has been enriched in a particular isotope, they can track the progress of the material through the organism and identify the steps in the metabolizing of the material by seeing where the isotope appears both in terms of its physical locations and its the molecules it shows up in. It can also be used to track how long something is retained within the organism.

yes

It's a valve that can open an hydraulic circuit befor the water inside freeze.

element

Fiberglass has one solvent and one solute. Its solute is the glass itself that makes up about 99 percent of its composition. The solvent is the fiber, which makes up about one percent of its composition.

The specific gravity of gasoline is approximately 0.70

1150 kg/min * (m^3/0.70*10^3 kg) * (1000 L /m^3) * (1 min / 60s) = 27 L / s

I came across petrochemical engineering in my study and would want to know what it is

Often interchangable in functions. Scientists are generally those who specialise in a particular disipline, often at the analythical or resarch stages of a project. The original engineering qualifications were issued to marine steam-engine operators as there were too many ships being lost due to boiler explosions. Professional bodies set standards for entry, academic bodies set standards of engineering qualification levels - Certificate, Diploma, Degree etc

A distillation column has flows of materials going up and down the plates or packing. The flow across each plate or section of packing is an essential factor in the optimization calculations and design. Diameter is one of these considerations.

Since columns have "heavies" traveling down and "lights" moving up and the division between these components may not be even, the top and bottom flows may be quite different, and the optimal column diameter must be adjusted at different locations along the length. Add to this the introduction of a feed stream at some point in the mid-column and the flows are altered again.

But why be concerned about this? Columns are often constructed of expensive alloys, glass lined, or heat treated to avoid erosion, corrosion or stress problems. Minimizing the column size minimizes the cost. Along with quality of product, cost is an optimization factor.

there are a lot of chemicals

Hydrotreating reaction is an exothermic reaction. The total reaction provides excess reaction heat; more is produced by the exothermic hydrogenation reactions than are required to support the endothermic cracking reactions.High Olefin conc. leads to high temp. rise due to hydrogenation reaction.This excess heat increases the reactor temperature and accelerates the reaction rate. Temperature rise can be controlled by injecting cold hydrogen or cold recycled quench into the reactors to absorb excess reaction heat.

Nitrogen is heavier than air, and is an inert gas - it will not burn or explode.In fact nitrogen is used to prevent fires in certain circumstances. Depending on the size of the leak, care must be taken not to inhale as the nitrogen will replace the oxygen thus causing suffocation. Ventilate before entering a building where gas leaks are suspected

.00046 (or 0.046%) per 1deg F over 20deg F

Diamond is more than 1000 times harder than quartz, which is in the 80 range in the Rockwell C. Diamond cannot be measured on the Rockwell C scale. A diamond pyramid is actually used in the Rockwell C test, which would be inconclusive.

Activation polarization refers to a condition when the reaction rate (of oxidation or reduction) is controlled by the slowest "step" in a series of reaction steps. For example, in hydrogen reduction reaction, the first step (1) may be when hydrogen ions absorbed from solution onto the anode surface, (2) then electron transfer occurs from anode to the hydrogen ions to form hydrogen, (3) then the hydrogen elements form hydrogen gas molecules, (4) which then form hydrogen gas bubbles. The slowest of these 4 steps, dictates how fast the overall reduction reaction happens.

Concentration polarization refers to a condition of the limits of diffusion. Basically, again referring to the hydrogen reduction reaction, the concentration of H+ ions around the cathode affects the reaction rate. It could be that the concentration is too high (there is plently of H+ ions around, or the concentration is too low (not enough H+ ions around or the reduction reaction is 'eating them up' too quickly).

First you must pressure wash as best as possible. Next you need to acid wash the concrete. Finally you should be able to neutralize the acid with a vinegar and water solution. Let dry. You should prepare the whole floor this way.

No. You can help fire proof a building. But there is always a chance it can catch on fire somehow. Fire sprinklers are only used to keep the fire under control so it doesn't spread...they are not used to put the fire entirely out. Firefighters are for that. Anything that you use to fire proof a building is only used to keep the fire under control until the Firefighters arrive.

The closest you can get to a fireproof building is a brick one with a terracotta tile roof.

The most common practical applications of the combined gas law are the following: Combustion engines (cars), Breathing, Projectiles (guns, cannons, missiles), Cooking, Balloons.

Nails are made of keratin, a fibrous structural protein. It is also a key component of hair and the outside layer of skin.

schedule is thickness of the inside diameter of the pipe,schelude 40 is usually a standard thickness for most applications which is normally 1/4" wall,as the schedule number increases or decreases so does the wall thickness,the outside diameter remains the same,standard piping schedules are 10,40,80,120,160 ========================================= ***This question came up at work the other day and in searching for an answer I found that a lot of people have the same question... I finally found an explanation on a website (I have included the paragraph and link below). I can not confirm its accuracy; however, it makes more sense than anythign else out there that I've read. Schedule is NOT directly a measure of thickness, it is a measure of the pressure a pipe can withstand without deflection or failure. When you are talking about pipes constructed of the same materials (i.e. PVC) a thicker pipe would be able to withstand higher pressures. As a result, many people have taken "schedule" to be synonymous with thickness. "For the purpose of standardizing pipe dimensions, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sponsored by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), published ANSI B36.10. To broaden the range of wall thicknesses, schedule numbers from schedule 10 (S.10) thru schedule 160 (S.160) were adopted for steel pipe. These schedule numbers indicate approximate values for 1000 times pressure-stress ratios." From http://www.durovac.com/industrial-vacuum/tubing-fittings/stuff-about-pipe.htm

A VRLA battery (valve-regulated lead-acid battery), more commonly known as a sealed battery or maintenance free battery, is a type of lead-acid rechargeable battery.

Gel Cell, Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM), and Wet Cell are various versions of lead acid batteries. The Wet comes in two styles: serviceable, and maintenance free. Gel Cell and the AGM batteries are specialty batteries that typically cost twice as much as a premium Wet Cell battery.

You don't. They are dangerous to the person that uses them, and to those where it is used. Many people have made them according to the instructions only to have it explode on them, burning them and/or killing them. There are better things to do than make homemade fire bombs!

Plastic is aluminized with the use of vapor deposition. It does not need base coats, much in the manner that glass optical element are coated.

Mild steel is made by blasting hot air into pig iron. This makes it malleable so it can be shaped into useful things.