Delhi Sultanate

zia-ud-din barani

Qutub-ud-din Aibak (1206-1210) was the founder of Slave Dynasty. He was the slave general of Sultan Muhammad Ghori.

He found the modern city of Agra

Alauddin was a barbarian ruler. He expanded his kingdom by terrorism. He did killed whomsoever was not a muslim to spread Islam. Then he ensured that muslims love him. It is Islamic rule to ensure that muslims love each other. This way, he established his empire to spread Islam in a predominantly kaafir land. It is difficult to estimate the Litre of blood he shed during his war on non muslims; even then it is guaranteed that he went to Heaven since Quran says - a muslim goes to heaven if he kills a non muslim (kaafir)

Quran 9:111 assures that those Al Qaeda people who did 9/11 went to Heaven. Similarly, Quran 47:4 grants Heaven to Alauddin.

yes

Warsangali Sultanate was created in 1298.

Arab armies attacked to restore Arab influence in India

she was the 1st lady who ruled over on the Indian People.

Muhammad bin tughlaq died in 1351 on his way to Thatta, Sindh in order to intervene a war between members of the Soomro tribe. He had lived to see his empire fall apart. During the latter years of his reign new kingdoms broke away in the Deccan, such as the Bahmani kingdom founded by Hasan Gangu.

Razia was the Sultanate of Delhi. She fled to Delhi after being defeated and fell into the hands of Jats who robbed and killed them.

it marked the end of the delhi sultanate and the end of ibrahim lodi's rule and the beginning of the mughal rule. the first ruler being babur.

nasir ud din mahmood tughlaq

Alai Darwaza near Qutub Minar was built by Alauddin Khalji. He also tried to build a Minar even taller than the Qutub minar but died before it could be completed.

Sultan Raziyya was defeated by her half-brother Muiz ud din Bahram and compelled to retreat. When Sultan Raziyya and her husband Altunia reached Kaithal, their troops abandoned them; and they were captured and murdered by the Hindus of Kaithal on 14 Oct 1240.

Delhi Sultanate cannot be termed as theocratic in the true sense of the term,as neither its origin nor its administrative designs were theocratic in nature.The word 'theocracy' has been derived from the greek word 'theos' meaning god and a state can be called a theocratic if it is directly governed by the god or through a sacerdotal class or priesthood.The laws of the realm are divine commands rather than human ordinances.The priesthood necessarily becomes the officer of the invisible ruler.There are three conditions which are essential for a state to be called a theocracy are-1)the presence of the rule of God 2)the presence of the authority who promulgates the law 3)presence of the sacedotal class or priesthood through which the law is disseminated.

There are historians like R.P. Tripathi,K.M. Ashraf,Jadunath Sarkar,T.P. Huges who are intended to call the Delhi sultanate as a theocracy.Tripathi says that all the institutions that was either evolved or adopted by the Muslims was intended to sub serve the law.There were however instances where the Delhi sultans meted out harsh measures to non-Muslims(zimmis)in the sultanate in order to restore the laws of sharia(Muslim holy law)Amir khusraw writes under Jalaluddin khilji(1290-96),after a battle,whatever Hindu fell into the hands of the victorious king was pouded to bits under the feet of elephants,Muslim captives were spared.Malik khafur, the famous general under alauddin khilji(1296-1316),while on his expeditions in south India ,spared the lives of Muslims fighting on the sides of the Hindu Rai.Rizqulah Mushtaqi prases sikandar lodi(1489-1517)for suppressing hindus.

Beside these stories the overall picture of the delhi sultanate cannot be termed theocratic as the relation between the section of learned men i.e. the ulemas and the delhi sultans varied.Though ulemas were specially trained in the matters of Muslim law,logic,Arabic and religious texts such as 'tafsir','hadis','quran' e.t.c.As a result ulemas were highly respected in the society and they often helped the rulers in theological matters.But these ulemas never did interfere or was permitted to influence the state policies of the sultans.And above all the absence of a priestly class who would promulgate the laws of Sharia as sultan like alauddin khilji declared that decree orders to the need of the time and not according to the sharia. Balban introduced court customs like 'paibos' and 'sijda' which were definitely against the Muslim law and only to be performed in front of God,only.Iltutmish decided to did not discuss with the ulemas before nominating Razia as his able successor.Keeping all this in mind one cannot call the Delhi sultanate a theocracy.The administrative policies of the sultans varied with the time and need of the hour.

During the Delhi Sultanate, Barid-i-mumalik was the head of the information and intelligence department. Only a nobleman who enjoyed the fullest confidence of Sultan was appointed the chief barid. The Barid-i-Mumalik had to keep information of all that was happening in the Sultanate. At local level there were barids who used to send regular news concerning the matters of the state to the central office. Apart from barids, another set of reporters also existed who were known as Munihiyan.

patna

the king who did not allow anybody to laugh in his court was?

kissing and sleeping

Altunia

razia sultana was the first woman ruler of the slave dynasty.

what were the contributions of ala-ud-din khiji

Amir Khusro was Ala-ud-Din's court poet.
amir khusro

The defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second battle of Tarain (1192) by Muhammad Ghori. After Ghori's death, his slave Qutub-ud-din Aibak proclaimed himself as the ruler of India and the Delhi Sultanate was formed (1206-1526).

Razia Sultana was a brave Queen of India. She was the daughter of Sultan Altutmish, it should be noted however that she had little to do with the history of Islam