Electronics Engineering

You are trying to convert linear measurement to square, which is wrong. Conductivity is receprocial to resistivity; EC=1/ER the proper conversion is 1 Sm/cm=1 Ohm cm=100 Ohm m, but not Ohms per square.. Follow this link for discussion on the topic and for on-line calculators for converting electrical conductivity units. http://landviser.us/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=3

The microcontrollers have an 8-bit data bus. They are capable of addressing 64K of program memory and a separate 64K of data memory. The 8051 has 4K of code memory implemented as on-chip Read Only Memory (ROM). The 8051 has 128 bytes of internal Random Access Memory (RAM). The 8051 has two timer/counters, a serial port, 4 general purpose parallel input/output ports, and interrupt control logic with five sources of interrupts. Besides internal RAM, the 8051 has various Special Function Registers (SFR), which are the control and data registers for on-chip facilities. The SFRs also include the accumulator, the B register, and the Program Status Word (PSW), which contains the CPU flags. << SHARMILA TANDEL (B.E) ELECTRONICS >>

More over the rating only differs from country to country.No country employs DC current for domestic appliances because the voltage have to be stepped down or stepped up as per our requirement.

Facsimile message is the full name for what is commonly known as a fax.

It is a technique for scanning one or more sheets of paper, transmitting the images over the telephone network and printing them at a remote destination. Typically the printout is black and white and of quite limited resolution.

It was a revolutionary technology when invented. Much more accessible and versatile than teletype and virtually instant when compared to traditional postal systems. A short document can be sent between any 2 suitably equipped offices in the world within a few minutes.

With the rise in use of email and scanners fax use is declining but still has some applications as many courts give more credibility to faxed documents than email scans.

The magnetic field means there is a charge surrounding a body.

Similarly if we move so much of charge (say electrons as in electricity) we can form a magnetic field.

These electrons if provide sufficient charge around a body magnetic field can easily be developed.

what is a summing junction?

a properly designed motor wont overheat unless it is overloaded

this is something like 3/4" drill with a 1/4" shaft that is used to drill in steel

sometimes hole saws have a 1/4" mandrel that will hold the entire line of saws

the motor must be matched to the load

Most resistors are linear, or 'ohmic', devices -which means that they obey Ohm's Law. So the ratio of voltage to current remains constant for variations in voltage. In other words, their resistance remains constant -providing their power rating isn't exceeded.

So you can say that, providing the current increase doesn't cause their power rating to be exceeded, their resistance should remain the same. Resistors wouldn't be of much use if their resistance value changed whenever the current through them changed!

Wind farms are bad because it can bring down value of peoples house when tryin to sell them. Wind farms also require a huge amount of space,make a tremendous amount of noise and can kill wildlife. Such as birds of flight, they can come tumbling down with one strike of lightning hitting those blades and that would mean a lot of work. Bird in flight can also damage the turbine and thy would mean passing over lots of money.

This circuit is the vital heart of all digital electronics, computers, pulse-code telephony and so on.

A multivibrator a.k.a. flip-flop, is a device which can settle in one of two stable states. They come in various flavours, single-shot or mono-stable, bi-stable. They are the basis of counting and time-code and so on.

That requires some detective work.

If you know where it is in a circuit, you might be able to figure out its function by context (seeing what it's connected to and what it might do).

You might be able to figure out the manufacturer by looking at subtle details of the package size and shape.

If you have the equipment, there are ways to disassemble and reverse engineer the chip and see the circuitry through a microscope to figure out its internal schematic.

Normal Case:

Normally one will not find a polarity associated with a capacitor. Indeed, the quality of the manufacture would be put into question is the capacitor functions differently with different sign for the applied voltage.

Abnormal Case:

While common resistors are expected to function independent of polarity, it is possible to create resistors which are nonlinear and nonsymmetric in response to applied voltage. Just as diodes are nonsymmetric, one can imagine a diode-like material incorporated into the material of the capacity. There is no clear application for a nonsymmetric capacitor.

The only reason to label a capacitor as preferring one side positive over the other might be the effect of the rate of discharge is one of the charged surfaces is exposed to an environment which preferentially picks up or loses charge and there by affects performance.

common emitter using fixed bias

A diode is basically a PN junction device. P type semiconductors are rich in holes while N types are rich in electrons. (Rich means majority carriers here, which are found in the outer shell of atoms).

Thus at the junction of this P and N type material, electrons and holes will combine resulting in a deficiency of charge carriers. This is termed the depletion region.

When you attach the negative terminal of a battery to the N end of the diode and the positive terminal to the P end, the electrons will be repelled towards the junction and holes too will move towards the junction region, making it thin (narrow) (Further increase in voltage will make current to pass through). The opposite occurs when they are connected the other way. The region becomes thin.

For normal operations, zener diodes are connected in reverse (diodes usually are connected reversely unless you want drop some voltage) the depletion layer widens, as described above. But at a certain reverse voltage, the zener starts to conduct suddenly. This is called avalanche/breakdown voltage. How the layer becomes thin (if at all, seems improbable) when they are reverse connected, I do not know.

i want this answer

yes it does i have done a experiment and energizer last longer that duracell

A torque multiplier increases the torque by increasing the length from which a bolt or nut is turned. This process is referred to as "mechanical advantage."

Inside a microwave oven,microwaves are made when electricity passes through a device called

Magnetron.Magnetron uses a strong magnet. The electricity and the magnet make microwave electromagnetic.

pure silicon is easily available

cost is less

efficient fabrication techniques for silicon processing

better mechanical and physical properties of silicon

integration with control and signal processing circuitry

Assuming 24 volts or lower is implied in the question, low voltage energy can be taken from a battery or from a low-voltage transformer fed from the house supply.

An active antenna is an antenna which has an amplifier attached very closely to it. The antenna/amplifier system is called an active antenna. It is used for receiving signals only. The idea is to set the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) before the signal travels along a transmission line where it is susceptible to interference and loss.

There are no moving parts, therefore it is not a machine. A chair is an object.