Electronics Engineering

A voltage source (V) is modeled by connecting its internal impedance (Zg) in series. If we determine the impedance across the voltage source terminals, it should be Zg, and it is possible only if the voltage source is short-circuited.

An equivalent current source is modeled by connecting the current source (V/Zg) in parallel with the internal impedance Zg. For the two sources to be equivalent, their impedances across their terminals must be equal. This is possible only if the current source is open-circuited.

A garage door opener works by using a small, electric motor to lift a rolling door assembly. The motor uses a chain or series of gears to control the opening and closing of the door.

Inverters don't really put out nice, beautiful sine waves like you get out of an AC wall socket. Instead they chop DC current to APPROXIMATE the total current flow that a sine wave would carry at any instant in time.

A "regular" inverter is like one you plug into a car's cigar lighter plug to run a small TV, or even the inverter in the Prius.

The Prius inverter "chops" 500V DC to run the motors, providing "fake" AC.

The chopper is either on or off. 500V or zero V.

What a multi-level inverter does is have several voltage levels, 0, 250, or 500. So it can better approximate a sine wave than strictly an on/off, single level inverter.

The more levels an inverter has, the more efficient it can be, less EMI/RFI generation, and so on. But it's also a LOT harder to build, more expensive, harder to control in software.

Look for multi-level inverters to appear in electric vehicles in the next 5 years.

If one have a centre tap transformer you only need two diodes to get full wave rectification, the anode of the both diodes to the two outside taps the cathodes together will form your Negetive and the centre tap is your Possitive

Any logic gate from which all other logic gate functions can be derived. The two universal gates are NAND and NOR.

RMS stands for Root Mean Square. Basically it's what your AC voltmeter measures. So if you have a 120 volt AC signal, what you are saying is that the measured RMS voltage of the signal is 120 volts.
The RMS voltage is a measure of the equivalent heat of a DC voltage. So a 120 volts RMS AC signal, which varies between +168 volts and -168 volts and back 60 times every second, has the same heating power that a DC voltage of 120 VDC would have.

RMS voltage divided by 0.707 equals peak to peak voltage.

Alternative Answer
Think of two types of electric saw: a circular saw and a reciprocating saw. We measure the speed of these two saws in two different ways, revolutions per second and strokes per second. Is there any way of comparing the two? Well, yes, we could describe both in terms of the length of cut they would make in the same period of time (their cutting speeds).

Following this analogy, we compare direct current and alternating current by determining the heating effect of both currents. For example, if a direct current of, say, 10 A, produces a heating effect of x joules, what value of alternating current would produce exactly the same heating effect? Well, an experiment would show that this would be 0.707 times the amplitude (peak value) of that AC current which, in this particular example, would be a little over 14 A. So, instead of specifying the current's peak value, we always specify its rms-value.

Since voltage and current are proportional to each other, we can measure voltage in the same way -i.e. Vrms = 0.707 Vmax. So, as the first answer explains, a nominal voltage of 120 V actually peaks at 168 V.

(You may ask, why not simply use an average, rather than rms value? Well, apart from the fact you wouldn't be able to compare it to DC, the average of a complete positive/negative cycle would be zero!)

unit of internal resistasnce is ohms too. V = I(R+r) V voltage across the circuit I current in the circuit R external resistance r internal resistance unit of internal resistasnce is ohms too. V = I(R+r) V voltage across the circuit I current in the circuit R external resistance r internal resistance

In a circuit, either in Parallel or in Series with other components.

Ohm's law gives the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance. The law states that I=V/R, where I is current, V is voltage, and R is resistance.

Source: university digital fundamentals

An electromotive force is the potential difference developed by a voltage source, and is necessary to cause current to flow through a circuit. Strictly-speaking, it is the open-circuit potential difference of a battery, generator, etc. An alternative definition is that an e.m.f. is equal to the sum of the voltage drops around any closed loop, including any internal voltage drop.

by growing an array of different color LEDs and driver transistors on a glass sheet. each pixel gets a square array of 4 LEDs: red, green, blue, green. the glass sheet is then wired to the TV circuits.

the glass sheet (screen) is effectively a super giant IC.

another name for diode is "pn" junction.

Short answer, no.

Not so short answer, it depends on the battery's chemistry. In all cases, you're not going to charge it completely no matter the chemistry, but you might charge it anywhere from nothing to ~75% depending on the chemistry and the 6 volt charger's top voltage(It's not 6 volts! If it's a lead charger, you might expect a top voltage of ~6.8 volts). Also, you want to make sure the charger's amperage doesn't exceed the battery's charging current's ability or you might overheat the battery and destroy it.

In a longer answer, it is possible to convert a 6 - 7 volt supply to 8-9 volts with a "boost up" converter but that's either going to require buying the device or making it yourself. Even if you we're to do that, you need to make sure the battery's chemistry's safe limits aren't exceeded. NiMH, for example, has a quick downtown in its voltage near the end of its charging, and if the charging isn't cut-off there, the battery will keep absorbing charge until it overheats and explodes. another comment: yes if it fits into the device normally though it would take a little longer to charge

The primary difference is that the microwave signal is of a much higher frequency than an AM signal, if that AM signal is speaking to AM broadcast radio. In general, AM, or amplitude modulation, is not generally used as a modulation technique on microwave frequencies because there are other ways to put a signal on a microwave carrier that allow more information to be transmitted. AM is "low frequency" RF, while FM is a bit higher on the radio frequency spectrum, and microwaves are further on up.

if it is a three phase motor it can be run an the single phase mains but it woild require a hand start in either direction, if you put a capacitor on line two and three and the live and neutral on line one and two then it should work

In a parallel circuit the failure of one bulb reduces the light of that one bulb. In a series circuit the failure of any bulb causes all bulbs to stop producing light because the circuit itself fails. A break in a series circuit stops the current flow to the whole circuit. A break in a parallel circuit stops the flow only in that parallel branch, not the whole circuit. This independence from system loss by one failure is a parallel advantage.

An analog meter will respond to linearly as current is present . digital meters cannot do that not until the conversion is complete. in essence an analog meter is human friendly as compared to a digital meter. both have their places in applications.

Radio Detection And Ranging