Electronics Engineering

A tape or movie strip moves from one reel where it's stored to another reel past a reading head and in doing so enables us to know what's on the tape or movie. An example of a reel to reel (or open reel) tape recorder is found here: http://www.oaktreeent.com/Stereo_Open_Reel-Reel_Tape_Decks_Recorders.htm A cassette tape has a similar arrangement but you can't see it so well since it's enclosed. The reel of a reel to reel machine which takes up the tape or movie strip after it has been dragged past the reading head or projector lens assembly.

A transistor is a small electronic component with 3 pins coming out of the bottom.

A transistor is used to redirect electric current. It can be controlled and made to redirect power to one location or another, and for one example of use, turn a light on and off with just a push button rather than a switch. They are only usable for small amounts of electricity (low voltages) so for high voltage (say 240V) you need a relay (google it if you don't know).

MANIK

A device "GYRATOR" which is used in ICs instead of inductor and capacitor due to small in size ,when we put capacitor in o/p output of gyrator then it gives inductor characterstics on i/p and vice-versa.This phenomenon is called impedence inversion.

CW Radar or Continues Wave Radar uses a constant transmission and is usually used for angle only tracking and can be combined with a second emission that is pulses or swept to deuce range using and separate antenna (or on a time schedule in some cases). The CW part of a CW Radar reference to the transition duty Ratio and because Dead and Listen time are over lapped they normally have two antennas. FM CW Radar or Frequency Modulated Continues Wave Radar, is similar to the CW set up but the Carrier Radio Frequency is swept, when processed this data can produce range data. Again the Dead and Listen time our overlapped and it is normal for separated antenna to be used. The Frequency sweep is repeated in successive management ion different angles Pulsed Radar Transmits a short pulse rather then continuously like the FMCW Radar or CW Radar and has a short Dead time and long listen time During the dead time when the transmission pulse is emitted the receiver is blanked to protect it, After the pulse has completed transmission the receiver is opened to receive the returns. This means that the receiver and transmission times are mutually exclusive and therefore the same antenna can used for both jobs. As the pulse is short the transmission peak power maybe higher then the CW Power but is present for less time. A Hybrid Radar is ICW or Interrupted Continues Wave (some times called Interrupted Carrier Wave) which is really a pulse radar with a high duty cycle.

Because of the very high voltage of lightning, an opto isolator can't block it, the best is to relay any lightning to ground but that is still not a guarantee that the spike will be stopped. Lightning voltage is in the Giga Volt range.

Non-linear loads such as VFD drives and other rectifier power supplies usually cause a leading PF, similar to a capacitively reactive load. Many power supplies nowadays, like IT (computer) power supplies are PF corrected, BUT, when they are not loaded to full capacity they still cause a leading PF. Apparently the correction is only accurate at full load.

A no load voltage means the power level that is giving from the output pins power converter. This is when 0% load is given.

Resistance: Electrical resistance describes how an electrical conductor (a wire) opposes the flow of an electrical current (flow of electrons). To overcome this opposition a voltage (a energy) must dropped (used) across the conductor (wire). Resistance can be described by ohms law: Ohms Law: R = V / I (Resistance = Voltage / Current) (resistance measured in ohms) where: Voltage [V]= the energy lost across an component (voltage measured in volts). Current [I] = the charge (electrons) flowing through an component (current measured in Amps). Electrical resistance can be thought of as sticking your hand out a car window. The faster [current] you drive the harder the wind presses [resistance] against you hand and therefore it takes more energy [voltage] to hold your hand steady. When trying to overcome electrical resistance, the electrical energy lost is turned into heat. This is how the elements of a household stove, toaster, and fan heater work. Because of the vacuum in a light bulb, the electrical energy lost is instead turned into light. It can be seen the electrical resistance plays a large role in modern life. Resistor: The resistor is the most common electronic component and is used to limit and/or control the voltage and current in an electronic circuit. Resistors are carefully manufactured to provide a predetermined value of electrical resistance which may range from 0.1 ohms to 100,000,000 ohms, depending on the application. The physical size of a resistor also varies dependant on the amount of power passing through the resistor, given by: P = V x I (Power = Voltage x Current) (power measured in watts) There are also many types of resistors including: · Variable Resistor - changes resistance when its shaft is rotated (volume knob on a stereo). · Thermistor - changes resistance when the temperature changes (used in a thermostat). · Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) - changes resistance when the lighting changes (used in children's night-lights). Resistor Example: An LED is a small red light (such as the one on the front of most TVs) and requires 2.0 volts and 0.02 amps to operate correctly. If we connected that LED up directly to a 12 volt battery, the voltage would be too high, and too much current would flow… the LED would blow up. We need to use a resistor to limit the voltage and current. But which value of resistance should the have resistor? Uses ohms law: R = V / I = (12.0 - 2.0) / 0.02 = 500 ohms (Note: the voltage across the resistor is the battery voltage minus the voltage we want across the LED) But which value of power should the resistor be capable of handling? P = V x I = (12.0 - 2.0) / 0.02 = 0.2 Watts

common mode rejection ratio is defined as ratio of differential voltage gain to common mode voltage gain

Common mode rejection ratio is the ability of the circuit to reject common entries like noise.

Uplink is from MS to BS

Downlink is from BS to MS

P.S: BS=Base Station, MS=Mobile Station e.g cell phone

a voltage source has very less(negligible)resistance.thus is considered as a short.if connected in parallel to a resistor will draw all the current acting as a short.thus is always connected in series of a resistor.where as a current source has tremendous resistance(infinity).thus if connected in series will be conidered as an open branch and no current will flow through it other than the source current.

The AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) control the DC field voltage to the rotor of the alternator, as soon as higher load is demanded from the alternator, the AVR output voltage go higher, hence, a higher AC voltage on the output of the alternator. If the voltage go to high then the AVR is faulty.

- Bit justification is needed in PDH - No would standards available at optical interface in PDH - line rates are not standard - Interfacing problem at multivendor equipment - PDH supports 16E1s and SDH supports 63E1s

wat's d application of trappat diode

A stimulant containing dextro-amphetamines to treat ADHD or narcolepsy.

Voltage gain is the ratio of the output voltage of an amplifier to its input voltage.

The only way is to contact the manufacturer or supplier with the model number at hand, normally it is the large number that is on the ID plate

The only way is to contact the manufacturer or supplier with the model number at hand, normally it is the large number that is on the ID plate

it is made of silicon or germanium.

A break in the shunt circuit which is provided with excitation voltage from the armature circuit.

Excessively worn armature brushes.

This device must be started without any load attached.

Cheap and effective when maintained properly.

Smoke detectors will run out of battery over time as they are not wired in to the houses electrical system.

Statistics show that far fewer people die in house fires when smoke alarms are present.

When the smoke alarms are placed to close to bathrooms steam may interfere with the detector, triggering false alarms.

Ionization detectors seem to respond better with high flames which could be a problem under certain circumstances.

Since they are in series you can use R=R1+R2+R3... for Total Resistance, then use Ohms Law of I=V/R and solve for I and R. (remember that V and I are also Totals, unless you brake them down at each point)

A Wein Bridge Oscillator is a oscillator which is used for the measurement of Audio Frequency.

LED or light-emitting diode refers to a semiconductor material that emits light when electricity passes through it. It is used for visual signals, illumination and data communication.