Evolution

Aside from Lamarck's contributions to evolutionary theory, his works on invertebrates represent a great advance over existing classifications; he was the first to separate the Crustacea, and Annelida from the "Insecta." His classification of the mollusks was far in advance of anything proposed previously; Lamarck broke with tradition in removing the tunicates and the barnacles from the . He also anticipated the work of Schleiden & Schwann in cell theory in stating that: . . . no body can have life if its constituent parts are not cellular tissue or are not formed by cellular tissue."

Speciation can occur through mechanisms like allopatric or sympatric isolation, where populations become reproductively isolated and diverge genetically over time. Macroevolution, which refers to larger-scale evolutionary patterns and processes, can be driven by factors like natural selection, genetic drift, and mutations that accumulate over millions of years, leading to the emergence of new species and diversity of life forms.

Some key theories of organic evolution include Darwin's theory of natural selection, which proposes that organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce; Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which suggests that traits acquired during an individual's lifetime can be passed on to offspring; and the modern synthesis, which combines Darwin's theory with genetics to explain how populations change over time through mechanisms like mutations, genetic drift, and gene flow.

By and large, evolution does not really affect people since it takes very many generations for even a minor evolutionary change to occur.

The most obvious exception is the evolution of viruses and bacteria. Because these micro-organisms have such short lives, many generations occur in less than one year. So, micro-organisms can sometimes evolve - or mutate - into something rather different to last year. For example, we may have built up immunity to last year's influenza strain, but find we have no immunity to this year's strain. Similarly, it the avian flu was able evolve in such a way that it could survive and even proliferate in humans, jumping species from birds to humans.

You could run into the same name of an organism with similar appearance

* Wind. The maple "key" and dandelion parachute are examples. * Water. Many aquatic angiosperms and shore dwellers (e.g., the coconut palm) have floating fruits that are carried by water currents to new locations. * Hitchhikers. The cocklebur and sticktights achieve dispersal of their seeds by sticking to the coat (or clothing) of a passing animal. * Edible fruits. Nuts and berries entice animals to eat them. Buried and forgotten (nuts) or passing through their g.i. tract unharmed (berries), the seeds may end up some distance away from the parent plant. * Mechanical. Some fruits, as they dry, open explosively expelling their seeds. The pods of many legumes (e.g., wisteria) do this.

The four stages of evolution are mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Mutation introduces new genetic variation, natural selection acts on that variation to favor traits that increase an organism's fitness, genetic drift refers to random changes in gene frequencies within a population, and gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between different populations.

Two species evolving alongside one another, each one adapting according to selection pressures from the other one; a good example of coevolution is between a parasite and host species, and between predator and prey. If a prey species develops a way to better escape a predator species, that predator species, in response, will have to develop a better way to capture the prey.

Evolutionists study and accept the scientific theory of evolution, which explains how organisms change over time through natural selection and genetic variation. They believe that all living organisms share a common ancestor and that evolution is driven by processes such as mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift. Evolutionists view the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular evidence as supporting evolution as the best explanation for the diversity of life on Earth.

Evolution involves the process of change in living organisms over time, resulting in genetic variations that lead to adaptation to their environment. This process occurs through mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow, leading to the formation of new species and biodiversity.

The Heterotroph Hypothesis is the Hypothesis that offers a possible answer to the nature of the first cell (coacervate) on the planet. If certain conditions existed on earth, a "cell" can be born. Atmosphere: Methane, Ammonia, Water Vapor, Hydrogen, radiation, lightning Oceans (Primordial Soup): Phosphate, Amino Acids, Sugars, Nitrogen By chance, the energy of the radiation and lightning caused the phosphates, AA's, Sugars and Nitrogen to work together and was surrounded by a water membrane. That first primitive cell used the sugars around it for nutrition making it a Heterotroph. This is very simplified but can serve as a basis for the answer. The Miller experiment proves this possible but only if these were the conditions on primordial earth!

Gene frequencies may remain stable between generations due to factors such as random mating, large population size, absence of gene flow, absence of mutations, and absence of natural selection. When these factors are in play, genetic equilibrium is maintained, and gene frequencies do not change significantly from one generation to the next.

Meiosis aids in evolution by introducing genetic variation through processes like crossing over and independent assortment, which lead to the production of genetically diverse offspring. This genetic diversity provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, allowing for the adaptation of populations to changing environments over time.

The first cells to split water were likely early photosynthetic bacteria or archaea, such as cyanobacteria. These organisms evolved the ability to split water through a process called photosynthesis, which allowed them to generate energy from sunlight and produce oxygen as a byproduct.

1) The glaring lack of transitional fossils has been noted by the evolutionists themselves, such as this statement from the famous paleontologist and evolutionist George G. Simpson; quote: "The regular lack of transitional fossils is not confined to primates alone, but is an almost universal phenomenon."
"The lack of transitional series cannot be explained as being due to the scarcity of material. The deficiencies are real; they will never be filled" (Nilsson, N. Heribert).
"To the unprejudiced, the fossil record of plants is in favor of special creation" (Corner, E.J.H., Contemporary Botanical Thought).
2) Instances of falsifying of evidence by evolutionists, such as Haeckel's drawings, Archaeoraptor, the Cardiff "specimen," and Piltdown Man.
"Haeckel exaggerated the similarities [between embryos of different species] by idealizations and omissions, in a procedure that can only be called fraudulent. His drawings never fooled embryologists, who recognized his fudgings right from the start. The drawings, despite their noted inaccuracies, entered into the standard student textbooks of biology. Once ensconced in textbooks, misinformation becomes cocooned and effectively permanent, because textbooks copy from previous texts. We do, I think, have the right to be both astonished and ashamed by the century of mindless recycling that has led to the persistence of these drawings in a large number, if not a majority, of modern textbooks (Stephen Gould).
Dr. Jonathan Wells published a book in 2002 entitled Icons of Evolution. Dr. Wells states that the book shows that "the best-known 'evidences' for Darwin's theory have been exaggerated, distorted or even faked."
3) Creationists see the "survival of the fittest" and the dating of rock layers by fossils as being perfect tautologies.
4) The fact that some qualified, educated, normal scientists do not believe in evolution. Or at least question it, even if they still preach evolution: "Nine-tenths of the talk of evolutionists is sheer nonsense, not founded on observation and wholly unsupported by facts. This museum is full of proofs of the utter falsity of their views. In all this great museum, there is not a particle of evidence of the transmutation of species" (Dr. Etheridge, Paleontologist of the British Museum).
"To postulate that the development and survival of the fittest is entirely a consequence of chance mutations seems to me a hypothesis based on no evidence and irreconcilable with the facts. It amazes me that this is swallowed so uncritically and readily, and for such a long time, by so many scientists without murmur of protest" (Sir Ernest Chain, Nobel Prize winner).
5) The fact that there is a shared, worldwide tradition among every ancient society that the world was created.
6) Evolving of new species has not been witnessed during known history.
7) Mutations are harmful, not beneficial. One of the tasks of DNA and of long-term breeding is to avoid or repair any changes brought about by mutations. This means that our genetic apparatus is programmed to resist change.
8) Mutations, even if beneficial, do not create new organs.
9) The fact that a great number of fossils have been found in the "wrong" rock-layers according to what evolutionary paleontology would require.
10) The fact that you need DNA to make DNA. No genetic code can be demonstrated to have arisen by chance, together with the ability to read that code and carry out its instructions. Information does not arise spontaneously; and there is an incredible amount of information in even the tiniest cell.
"A living cell is so awesomely complex that its interdependent components stagger the imagination and defy evolutionary explanations" (Michael Denton, author).
"The astounding structural complexity of a cell" (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Concerning a single structure within a cell: "Without the motor protein, the microtubules don't slide and the cilium simply stands rigid. Without nexin, the tubules will slide against each other until they completely move past each other and the cilium disintegrates. Without the tubulin, there are no microtubules and no motion. The cilium is irreducibly complex. Like a mousetrap, it has all the properties of design and none of the properties of natural selection" (Michael Behe, prof. of biophysics).
11) The problem of the impossibility of abiogenesis in general. "The concept of abiogenesis is not science. It's fantasy" (J.L. Wile, Ph.D.).
12) The fact that evolution was once used as support for the belief that Blacks (or others) are less than highly-evolved humans. "Darwin was also convinced that the Europeans were evolutionarily more advanced than the black races" (Steven Rose, author). He also "reasoned that males are more evolutionarily advanced than females" (B. Kevics, author).
13. The first and second laws of thermodynamics point clearly to a Creator, since things undergo entropy rather than get more orderly over time.
14. "Radiometric techniques may not be the absolute dating methods that they are claimed to be. Age-estimates on a given geological stratum by different radiometric methods are often very different. There is no absolutely reliable long-term radiological clock. The uncertainties inherent in radiometric dating are disturbing to geologists and evolutionists." William D. Stansfield, Ph.D., Instructor of Biology, California Polytechnic State University.
15. "Even total rock systems may be open during metamorphism and may have their isotopic systems changed, making it impossible to determine their geologic age." Prof. Gunter Faure (Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus.)
16 a). At current rates of erosion the amount of sea-floor sediments actually found do not support a "billions of years" age for the Earth.
b) The amount of Sodium Chloride in the sea, also, is a small fraction of what the "old Earth" theory would postulate.
c) The Earth's magnetic field is decaying too fast to extrapolate a long age for the Earth.
d) The rate of accumulation of Moon-dust has been measured; and the amount of dust on the Moon was found to be vastly less than what scientists had predicted before the Moon-landings.
e) Helium is generated by radioactive elements as they decay. The escape of this helium into the atmosphere can be measured. According to the Evolutionary age of the Earth there should be much more helium in the atmosphere, instead of the 0.05% that is actually there.

To obtain all of Eevee's evolutions, you can evolve Eevee by meeting specific criteria for each evolution. For Vaporeon (Water type), use a Water Stone; for Jolteon (Electric type), use a Thunder Stone; for Flareon (Fire type), use a Fire Stone. For Espeon (Psychic type), level up Eevee with high friendship during the day, and for Umbreon (Dark type), level up Eevee with high friendship at night. For Leafeon (Grass type), level up Eevee near a Moss Rock, and for Glaceon (Ice type), level up Eevee near an Ice Rock. Finally, for Sylveon (Fairy type), level up Eevee with a Fairy-type move and high friendship.

Responsive evolution occurs when two or more species evolve in response to each other's presence to increase their chances of survival. An example of this is the co-evolution between flowers and pollinators, where flowers evolve to attract specific pollinators, and the pollinators evolve to efficiently collect nectar from these flowers. This mutual adaptation benefits both species and enhances their respective survival and reproduction.

Evolution helps scientists understand how species have changed over time and how organisms are related through common ancestry. It also allows scientists to study how adaptations develop in response to environmental pressures, informing research in various fields such as biology, ecology, and medicine. Additionally, the principles of evolution guide experimental research and provide a framework for studying the diversity of life on Earth.

Probably in tidal pools.

Where two species compete for a scarce resource such as food, that species which is better able to adapt and evolve will succeed, while the less adaptable species will decline and possibly become locally extinct.