Hamlet

His mother Gertrude called for help and a voice came from behind the curtain repeating the call for help. Hamlet assumed that it was Claudius and his chance to kill him had come so he stabbed through the curtain. It was only after that he found that it wasn't Claudius after all.

Chances are low that they've checked the ghost's driving licence or some other ID, maybe they've seen the well-known face?

Gertrude and Ophelia as for many women of their society don't have authority in many situations. For some reason they long to have a man above them having power to rule at least over them. For example, Gertrude marries Claudius very soon after the death of her first husband even though she did love her first hussy. Ophelia is deeply in love with Hamlet and even after the fact that he willing tells her to go to the nunnery. Along with other horrible things to say to her.

2

Hamlet does not reveal much to these two. They go to him in order to find out about where Polonius has been buried, but they do not get many answers.

Nope, at least the Norway government hasn't to stop funding terrorist organizations. On the other hand, he's a pretty well-rounded fellow and has probably read or seen Hamlet at some point.

It's mostly Polonius's scheme, not Claudius's. Polonius is a spymaster and his answer to everything is to spy on the person. He proposes that by spying on Hamlet's supposedly private conversation with his mother, Polonius may learn something relating to Hamlet's madness. It's an Elizabethan wiretap.

Polonius suggests the scheme in 3,1 as follows:

My lord, do as you please,

But if you hold it fit, after the play,

Let his queen mother all alone entreat him

To show his grief. Let her be round with him,

And I'll be placed, so please you, in the ear

Of all their confidence.

Claudius agrees because "madness in great ones should not unwatched go." In 3,3 Polonius tells Claudius "he's going to his mother's closet. Behind the arras I'll convey myself to hear the process." he then says

And, as you said, and wisely was it said,

'Tis meet that some more audience than a mother,

Since nature makes them partial, should o'erhear

The speech of vantage.

Claudius said no such thing. Polonius is putting his own words in Claudius's mouth and then congratulating the king on how clever he is for saying them. Polonius knows how to be a courtier.

yes of course

It has the effect of putting people to sleep. Even Polonius cannot keep track of what he is saying. Reynaldo, surprisingly, is keeping up with him and is able to put him back on track.

he was ready to get some

He threatens them. "I'll make a ghost of him that lets me." (this is, by the way, an unusual twist of the word "lets"--instead of the expected meaning "permits" it means the opposite: "prevents")

Yes. "It faded on the crowing of the cock."

Hamlet tells his mother Queen Gertrude that she must repent choosing Claudius over his father. This occurs in Act 3 scene 4 of Hamlet.

Does "to live in the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, stewed in corruption, honeying and making love over the nasty sty" not make it clear enough for you? Perhaps "he that hath killed my king and whored my mother" is clearer.

If you mean the line "Oh that this to that solid flesh should melt! That it should come to this, but two months dead" the line as a whole means something like "I can't believe it- Dad's been dead for only 2 months- not even! but Mom's still marrying my uncle! She is so mean!" The "it should come to this" part is pretty straightforward: the "it" just means things generally and "come to this" means turn out this way, so "that it should come to this", means "that it should turn out this way".

In Hamlet and other plays, Shakespeare uses the soliloquy to explain the thoughts of his characters : their feelings, desires, and motivations. It is often used as a 'stream of consciousness', as the character examines aspects of his own psyche. Hamlet's famous monologue (in act III, scene 1) gives us his view of life and mortality, as he struggles with his decision on revenging his father's murder.

The revenge tragedy was created in the time of Shakespeare, at that time most people liked tragedies or revenge plays, somebody combined them to attract audiences to a new type of play.

polonius is old and claudius is young and handsome. c is king and p is advisor.

Polonius tells his son several pieces of advice. He advises him to keep his thoughts to himself, to be friendly without being common or inappropriate in his actions, and have a few close friends, but keep a respectful distance from acquaintances. He tells him to be a good listener, but don't talk too much. Laertes should purchase nice clothing but nothing too gaudy that will outshine his peers. He should not borrow or lend money. He finally tells Laertes to be true to himself and this will be reflected in his authenticity with his fellow man.

becos everyone really likes hamlet

What we see of Yorick in the play is his skull, wearing no hat at all. Yorick died long before the events in the play Hamlet. But when he was alive he was "the king's jester" and so might have worn a jester's hat back then.

Yes, in Act II, Scene II, but it is not original to Hamlet - one of the 'church fathers,' Clement of Alexandria, writing around 200AD on the subject of plagiarism, writes this:

Theopompus [c. 350BC] having written:-"Twice children are old men in very truth; " And before him Sophocles [c. 450BC] in Peleus:- "Peleus, the son of Aeacus, I, sole housekeeper, Guide, old as he is now, and train again, For the aged man is once again a child,"- Antipho the orator [c. 430BC] says, "For the nursing of the old is like the nursing of children." Also the philosopher Plato [c. 400BC] says, "The old man then, as seems, will be twice a child.

(from the Stromata, or Miscellanies, Book VI, Chapter II)

It is also quoted in the Jewish Midrash "Genesis Rabbah" (pg. 62) which would be dated somewhere around 500AD; it appears to be a reference to Lot, as it's referring to his descendants, the Ammonites and Moabites, but is contained in a larger section of commentary on Gen. 14.

yes

It's hard to say, since we never see Hamlet at this time, but it is plausible that he never liked Claudius and the marriage only makes it worse.