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Ice Ages
Caused by long periods of reduced atmospheric and surface temperature, widespread continental glaciation and cooling are called Ice Ages or Glacial Ages. Questions about the most recent and current geologic period, the Quaternary, and other ice ages are what this category is all about.
1,161 Questions
What will happen in the next ice age?
Climate will get cooler and drier, starting at the poles and creeping toward the tropics with time. Sea levels shall fall and forests dry away, giving place to desert and grasslands. With some millenia, big ice sheets could form over northern latitudes, starting at Quebec and Scandinavia and growing until they covered much of Canada and northern Europe.
What is the Definition of an ice age?
An ice age is a cold time period in earth's histor during which glaciers covered large parts of Earth's surface.
An Ice-age is a time period between Paleothic & Neolithic era when thick ice sheets covered much of the world.
An ice age is any period in Earth's history where polar icecaps were in place. For example, we are currently in an ice age now.
It was a time when the world was covered in ice.
St John the Evangelist, Anglican Church & Sunday School, Digby, opened 1861.
Note the Sunday School and Bell Tower both missing from the current building below.
'Granny' Caroline McCALLUM (nee BEST, 1831-1910) standing in front.
Notes from the Merino / Digby Heritage Book, 1977 The first Church of England service held in this district was at "Rifle Downs". then owned by Mr. Richard Lewis. This was in 1849, and was conducted by Rev. Dr. F. T. C. Russell, who had just been appointed to the Wannon Valley as vicar, by Bishop Perry, the first Bishop of Melbourne. In April, 1861. Dr. Russell laid the foundation stone of St. John's and in December of the same year the church was consecrated and opened for services. Dr. Russell continued to minister to a huge parish (travelling by horse back) for 25 years. His health deteriorated to such an extent that the Bishop granted him leave. and he returned to England to recuperate. After some time he had a relapse and decided to return to his friends in the Wannon Valley, but he died at sea, February 7th, 1876. The Vicarage was built in the 1880's as a residence for Rev. Moody while he served his term as Vicar. Since his term it has been leased to tenants. The Sunday School opened in 1874 with a roll call of 28 boys and 26 girls, with Mr. Nathaniel R. Burgess as Superintendent and six teachers assisting. The Sunday School closed in 1935 through lack of pupils and teachers. The first entry in the marriage register is for the wedding of William Harvey Jackson and Jane Clifford, on September 23rd, 1867. (Source: Merino / Digby Heritage Book, 1977)
Rev. Dr. Francis T. Cusack Russell (1823 - 1876) "In the early 1850s, F. Cusack Russell, from his base near Coleraine, ministered to a wide area in the Western District, including Hamilton. He held periodic services in homes, stores or the few public buildings. For a brief period Hamilton had its own Minister, a Mr Handt or Hantz, who arrived in 1853 but left for Geelong in April 1854. He was in Hamilton during the controversy over French's dismissal from the School Board of Patrons and was subject to some of French's wrath because he held similar views to those of Russell. Handt was refused permission to use the court house to hold services, which apparently then took place in J. H. Campbell's store. However, when Bishop Perry visited Hamilton early in 1854, he was granted the use of the court for a service. French sent off another stream of angry letters protesting that government buildings were being used to preach religious dogmas." (Source : 'Hamilton: A Western District History' - Don Garden, 1984) "Anglican Church Merino - Original services were conducted under an archway of trees where Mrs HUSSON's house now stands, by the first vicar, the Rev. F. T. C. RUSSELL, who was appointed to this large parish in 1850. Services were later held in the old Vicarage, now occupied by Mrs BLACKBURN; afterwards in the school building known as the Common School, till the present church was built in 1866. The late Dr. RUSSELL labored in this parish for 24 years. He was returning from a long trip in the parish when he was seized with a paralytic stroke. He was alone and driving a pair of quiet ponies, and was still some miles from the parsonagae, with at least one pair of gates to open. Fortunately he succeeded in acomplishing this task and reached home safely. For some weeks the patient was kept very quiet; then a sea trip was recommended by his medical adviser, which was subsequently made possible by his many friends and admirers, who subscribed the sum of 1000 pounds, a further 500 pounds being sent to him while abroad. When returning to Victoria he died and was buried at sea." (Source : Back to Merino & Henty Centenary Book, 1937) Parsonage-on-the-Wannon (residence of Rev. RUSSELL)
St John the Evangelist Anglican Church, Digby * * The Foundation Stone was laid by Rev Dr Cusack Russell on April 19th 1861. A bottle containing scroll, coins, papers etc was deposited and the meeting which followed elected the following men as trustees - The Rev Russell, John Coldham J.P., Richard Lewis, Duncan McCallum and R.J. Mercer. All of these men were important pioneers of the area. The church was consecrated in Dec 1861. I believe it is the 2nd oldest church in the Western District after St Stephen's in Portland. * The much revered and loved Rev Dr Cusack Russell was the first vicar. He was appointed Vicar of the Valley of Wannon in 1849 by Bishop Perry, the first Bishop of Melbourne. The font in the church is in his memory. The Right Rev Jim A Grant of Parkville is working on a biography of him. * The church was built from bricks made on the "Pleasant Hills" property, at that time I believe it was owned by Richard Lewis who also owned "Rifle Downs" and built the first inn in Digby in 1841. My late mother, Alice Hiscock, used to tell of her Grandfather Nathaniel Burgess, the blacksmith, and a friend hauling loads of bricks in a dray with 2 bullocks. Presumably the timbers were milled locally by the other Burgess family, who were the timber millers. * The stained glass windows behind the altar were designed and manufactured in Melbourne by Ferguson and Urie, specifically for the church and were recently cited in an Australian study of stained glass by Bronwyn Hughes for RMIT. She produced a CD.ROM titled "Lights of Our Past". She considers the windows of national significance. * A box of old documents on top of a cupboard in the vestry were listed by me in 1996. I did this at the request of Una Guthridge a parishioner, (now deceased), because she was concerned that there could be important information there that could be lost. I do not know if the box is still there, but I found accounts for 3 leaded Gothic windows, Nov 20 1909 and 10 leaded Gothic windows, July 27th 1911 from Brooks, Robinson and Co Limited, 59 - 65 Elizabeth St, Melbourne. These would have to be for the 5 windows along either side of the church and the 3 on the back wall - some of which have dedications on them. There are many other documents of interest which I won't list here and also the minister for the parish, Rev John MacGlashan told me last week that other very old registrars etc for St John's are held at Coleraine. * There are huge Elizabethan style inscribed panels, with gold leaf highlights, displaying the Lord's Prayer, The Creed and the Ten Commandments on the walls of the church. I believe that these are quite rare. * All the original church furniture and objects are there, except for the silver trowel marking the foundation which was donated by Mrs Winter-Cooke and was stolen sometime around 1996. Nothing was ever followed up about this theft. * Around the turn of the century the church was rented by the Presbyterians, so is significant in their history also.
(Source: Notes by Ruth Stirling, April 2000) * Which = UR MUM
The Alps are primarily made of sedimentary rocks, which include limestone, dolomite, and sandstone. These rocks were formed through processes like compression, folding, and erosion over millions of years. Additionally, the Alps also contain some metamorphic and igneous rocks due to tectonic activity in the region.
How long does an ice age last?
Ice ages last for some tens of millions of years with intervals of about 150 million years between them. The term is used more loosely to identify the last time that ice sheets covered much of Europe and North America.
What is the process of ice wedging?
When water seeps into a crack in a rock during warm weather and then freezed in cold weather , it expands. And when it expands, it pushes against the sides of the crack forcing it to open wider.
Was there an ice age around 1600BC?
We are in an Ice Age now, although in an inter-glacial period when most ide has retreated for a time. The current Ice Age began more than a million years ago. The most recent glacial period ended about 10000 years ago, so about 8000 BC.
What was the impact of the ice age on sea levels?
Today, ice covers Earth's North and South poles. These ice caps are called polar glaciers. During an ice age, the polar glaciers grow larger. At the height of an ice age, glaciers may cover as much as a third of the Earth. Canada, the northern United States, northern Europe, and northern Russia all get covered by ice. This ice can be more than a mile (1.6 kilometers) thick.
Much of the world's water gets frozen to make these glaciers. This water comes from the oceans, and sea level drops as a result. Places that had been under water become dry land. Many plants and animals adapt to these changes. Those that do not adapt die out.
During the last ice age, animals with warm shaggy coats flourished. For example, the woolly mammoth, a large elephant-like animal, roamed icy areas of Earth. The mammoths probably used their huge tusks to scrape away the snow in search of plants to eat. Their thick woolly coats protected them from the cold.
What is the difference between the temperature and in the ice age?
The temperature during an ice age is significantly colder than in current times, resulting in extensive ice sheets and glaciers covering large areas of the Earth. In contrast, the temperature in current times is relatively warmer, with less ice cover and more habitable regions for human and animal populations.
you should specify which ice age; there have been hundreds. As far as why, that is a great question, and I don't think anyone has the answer. Ice ages are tied pretty close with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Carbon dioxide, you have probably heard, is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps heat on earth and helps warm it up. Most carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, but the ocean also re-releases a good amount. When ocean water freezes, it pulls the carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and traps it, and the earth gets a little cooler. The more ice, the more carbon dioxide trapped, the cooler the earth, the more ice, and so forth. Hope this helps.
How much is a mullusk fossils worth?
well generally it depends on the specific type of mullusk fossil, to fully determine the value i would need to know specifically what its features are and whether it is a small or large fossil. If i could somehow see a picture i would be able to determine the value appropriatly. Ussually a Mullusk fossil is quite common but sometimes in isolated areas they can become rare. i would say that according to this post its value would be somewhere between US $15-$20. So i would sugest keeping it as a momento or as a token instead of cashing it in for the small value it is worth.
thankyou Dr Billson
It is a fairly big size rock that has about a two inch sea shell on it and looks really old and has some chunks out of it.
Why was the Paleolithic Age known as the Ice Age?
The Paleolithic Age is not specifically known as the Ice Age. The Paleolithic Age refers to the early part of human history, characterized by the use of stone tools. The term "Ice Age" refers to a period of time when Earth's climate was colder than it is today, with extensive ice sheets covering a significant portion of the planet.
Why did the sun not melt the ice during the ice age?
Even with the sun shining, the air was too cold for much ice to melt. Any ice that the sun's rays was able to melt could have quickly refreezed.
In addition, ice reflects sunlight very well - about 80-90% of it at times. That means 80-90% of sunlight that does shine on it just bounces off back into the atmosphere. This compares to only about 20-30% over many other surfaces.
No, ocean levels do not rise during an ice age due to an increase in moisture retention in Earth's global biosphere. During an ice age, water is locked up in ice sheets and glaciers, causing sea levels to drop. The lowered sea levels expose more land, which can lead to an expansion of ice sheets and further cooling.
How did dinosaurs die in the ice age?
There are many theories as to why the dinosaurs became extincy, ranging from climate changes, to loss of food supplies, to fatal diseases.
A prominent theory is that a large asteroid struck the Earth, throwing up a dust layer that blocked sunlight and caused most plants to die off. In the colder climate, and without their major source of food, the dinosaurs dwindled in population until there were not enough adults to maintain their species.
There has been research that has found that a redistribution of water mass as a result of more or less ice would change things like rotational speed or wobble. The changes are very minor, however, and a person would never notice even if they did live 20,000 years through an ice age. Also, there are other things that can have the same result, such as the redistribution of air (this is known as the global wind oscillation).
What may have caused the first mass extinction 65 million years ago?
The leading theory for the first mass extinction 65 million years ago is a catastrophic event such as an asteroid impact. This event is believed to have led to environmental changes that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species.
Was their an ice age in the Ordovician period?
Yes, it is believe that there was a glaciation at the beginning of the ordovician, and posibly one nearing the end. It is generally thought to be a period of tropical temperatures, and high sea levels.
Eskers are long, winding ridges of gravel and sand left behind by melting glaciers, while kames are irregularly shaped mounds of sediment deposited by glacial meltwater. Both formations are composed of stratified layers of sand and gravel that were sorted and deposited by flowing water during the glacier's retreat.
What is the distribution of an organism in a resource gradient?
more food/resources=more organisms; less food/resources=less organisms
its completely logical to know that if there is no food then there is no life.
I found this answer on Yahoo answers. I thought it was better that the previous answer.
How long ago did the North American Ice sheets melt?
The North American Ice sheets melted roughly 10,000 to 12,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age, leading to the formation of many of the landforms and bodies of water we see today in North America.
How did the ice age help shape Maine?
During the last ice age, glaciers carved out the landscape of Maine, creating its distinctive rugged coastline and numerous lakes and rivers. As the glaciers retreated, they also deposited rich soil and created the conditions for the diverse forests that characterize the state today.
What does the milankovitch theory explain?
The Milankovitch theory was created by Milutin Milankovitch in the early 1900's while under house arrest. He calculated the temperature cycles based on the tilt of our planet, the gravitional pull of other planets and other natural issues that occur on roughly 26,000, 48,000 and 100,000 year cycles. His calculations coincided with the derived temperatures that were taken from the Lake Vostok glacial samples. One of the more interesting thngs that he theorized was that temperatures of the planet would crest when all the large planets were on one side of the sun and causing our orbit to be least circular. Under this theory, the planets natural temperatures should be cresting roughly about now. He developed these temperature cycles and theories without taking into account CO2 measurements.
Where did all the water and ice go after the ice age?
After the ice age, much of the water and ice from melting glaciers drained into the oceans, raising sea levels. Some water also returned to the atmosphere through evaporation and precipitation. Additionally, some ice melted and formed rivers and lakes.
