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Immune System

This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.

4,548 Questions

What STD attacks the immune system?

The HIV virus attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS.

What do monocytes do?

n.

A large, circulating, phagocytic white blood cell, having a single well-defined nucleus and very fine granulation in the cytoplasm. Monocytes constitute from 3 to 8 percent of the white blood cells in humans.
it is a type of white cell that involves with the immune system.

Which gland is part of both the endocrine and immune system?

The hypothalamus is a little (size of an almond) but very important brain structure that works both as:

1. a gland (it produces hormones, which is used to control the pituitary gland, and the pituitary gland controls all the other glands), and

2. a brain structure/organ (it is involved in many behavioral and autonomic functions).

What is not a part of the innate immune defenses?

which of these is not apart of the body immune system

What is a substance that induces an immune response?

This substance has a general name called an antigen.

In any given 3mm of blood what is the approximate ratio of the number of red blood cells erythrocytes to white blood cells leukocytes?

Blood cells are predominantly red cells. They outnumber the white cells by a factor of 1000:1 to 2000:1 in normal humans.

The composition of blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed elements. The formed elements are mostly red blood cells, which make up 44% of total blood volume.

The remaining 1% consists of white blood cells and platelets.

Appx. 700:1

Blood consists of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) and plasma. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) account for 99.9% of cells. Plasma 55%, and Cells 45%.

What happens to your heart in space?

Yes, this is because there is no gravity for your heart t fight againts while it is pumping blood to the head. This is likely similar to when you stand upside down and the blood rushes to your head. And so as less force is required the muslce starts to deteriorate, of course it is still nesessary and increased peripheral resistance will mean it still required quite alot of force so it might not be a drastic as youd think, probably about as much as an athlete taking a few weeks off and jsut chilling. Interestingly reinsertion into the normal environment (earth) causes autonomic changes that can challenge the adaptions of peripheral resistance and may lead to an ailment called presyncope.

Does HIV antibodies go away after some time?

No.

HIV is a retrovirus that infects its host's DNA lysogenically (inserting its own genome into the host genome after reverse-transcripting into DNA). Therefore, it stays in your cells' DNA forever.

However, you can suppress HIV symptoms and keep them at bay with many of the "HIV cocktails" (combinations of protease inhibitors, etc. that prevent the virus from replicating).

What is the fatty insulating material that surounds the axons?

The fatty substance around the axons of WHITE MATTER in the brain, and around PERIPHERAL axons is called MYELIN. The axons of GREY matter in the brain are NOT myelinated, nor do they need to be, because the axons travel only short distances.

Myelin insulates the axons of neurons so that impulses can travel longer distances along the nerve faster, without losing strength. Without myelin around longer axons (think of it as the rubber coating around electrical wires), the nerve impulses can't travel as fast with constant strength, or may get stopped altogether.

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis or ALD damage or (for the lack of a better term) dissolve myelin or prevent it from being produced so that nerve signals are unable to travel along the neuron.

What is the antibody of the antigen AB?

Type AB blood doed not contain any antibodies. I does have Antigens A and B.

Why does everything smell weird lately?

It depends on how you define the word stink. If you mean that literally, then everything in the entire world cannot stink. If you experience that as a medical symptom, you should see a doctor or even a neurologist. You could try cleaning out your nose in case something foul-smelling somehow got in there and is causing everything around you to take on that odor. Or maybe it is time to move to another place, away from any smog, farms, factories, and sewers.

If you mean "stink" in a more figurative sense, it is just a matter of perspective. The more we think positively about ourselves, the more positively we think about the world. Do you see hunger, hate, war, and violence everywhere, or do you see the good in people and the solutions to the problems?

How does HIV damage th immune system?

HIV attaches and takes over Immune system cells called CD4. These cells locate Infections in the Body and coordinate their destruction. Without medication the body cant replace CD4 cells as fast as they are lost. As the CD4 level drops,infection can enter the body with less resistance and replicate and spread,thus doing damage as the body struggles to locate the infection. When the CD4 level falls below 200 a person is said to have AIDS and without treatment death will come in an average of 9 months or so.

How does Wax Secretion stop pathogens from entering the body?

the diesease microbes stick to it before it enters the body!

What organ is your first line of defense against pathogens?

The integumentary system (skin) and mucous membranes are the first line of defense. They provide a physical barrier against invasion of pathogens. Any break in this physical barrier, such as a cut, makes it easier for pathogens to enter your body.

How do killer t's cells kill?

it attacks the invaders by covering pseudopodia which covers like vacuole !!! then it digests the bacterium by chemosynthesis .

Does tamoxifen weaken your immune system?

No its not an aimmunosupressant !

It has an anti-estrogenic effect which is useful in breat cancer patient !

What are the antibodies to o- blood type?

both anti a and anti b antibodies, that's why they are the universal donar

Group O type there is a presence of antibody A and antibody B and the red cells has no antigen A and antigen B and in terms of blood component (Packed red cells) it can be considered as safe "O"(universal ) because of the absence of ag. A and ag B.

What system plays a role in defending the body from harm?

The integumentary system protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration.

Why are there more erythrocytes in the blood than leukocytes?

Erythrocytes are red blood cells, contain hemoglobin, and carry oxygen to the cells and tissues and carbon dioxide back to the respiratory organs. Leukocytes are white blood cells and participate in immune function.