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Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Intellectual disability, also known as mental retardation, is a generalized disorder defined by highly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in at least two adaptive behaviors. Symptoms of intellectual disability appear before adulthood and include delays in spoken language development, difficulty learning social rules, and troubles with problem-solving skills.
351 Questions
If to be mentally sound or healthy?
It means to be in the state of having a sound and vigorous body and fully-functioning mind.
Dictionary definitions of "healthy":
1. enjoying sound health 2. functioning well or being sound: the company's finances are not very healthy 3. conducive to health; salutary 4. indicating soundness of body or mind: a healthy appetite 5. informal: considerable in size or amount: a healthy sum
Can you tell if someone is mentallty retarded?
Psychologists can give the abnormal Denver developmental screening test to determine the amount of retardation.
Mental retardation is a developmental disability that first appears in children under the age of 18. It is defined as an intellectual functioning level (as measured by standard tests for intelligence quotient) that is well below average and significant limitations in daily living skills (adaptive functioning).
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What is usually the cause of profound mental retardation?
There are many different possible causes of mental retardation, otherwise referred to as impaired mental development, impaired intellectual development, impaired social development, impaired socio-cognitive development, and impaired cognitive faculty development. There are many different conditions which have also been associated with it, such as Autism, Asperger's Syndrome and Down's syndrome, which are held under the umbrella of Autistic Spectrum Disorder.
In this, the most widely believed theoretical explanation is a neurological disorder or genetic abnormality which has caused impaired brain development. There are however other explanations such as birth defects, foetal alcohol syndrome and severe brain trauma.
There also many others such as the Theory of Mind which suggests a lacking the factors which are required for typical development of Mind, these are known as the Triad of Impairment which suggests that there are three factors: Communication, Flexibility and Imagination, and Social Interaction. If one is missing or does not develop or function correctly, theory of Mind cannot function adequately.
One other theory is the Theory of Executive Functioning, which suggest that the parts of the brain which are responsible of executive functioning are not capable of operating typically (either through lack of development or complete development but inability to correctly function). The area of the brain responsible for executive functioning (or higher functioning) is the Pre-frontal Cortex at the front of the brain above the eyes.
There are many other theories which look upon impaired mental development differently, such as Weak Central Coherence, which suggests that what is considered to be impairment is simply a different view of the world. Where most of the population has a holistic view which sees separate components as a part of the bigger picture, many people with impaired mental development may simply view the world in terms of its separate components with no connection to each other.
There are many other theories which have not been listed here of which are created, verified and disproved daily. The ultimate answer to this question is that no one fully knows as yet the cause of impaired mental development.
The leading cause of mental retardation is nutrition in the womb. Mental retardation can also be hereditary in some cases.
What can pregant women do to avoid mental retardation in their babies?
Pregnant women should be educated about the risks of drinking and the need to maintain good nutrition during pregnancy.
Can people with mental retardation have children?
Intellectual ability usually has very little impact on reproductive ability (outside of the ethical questions of how it happened in some scenarios). The ability to produce a child is almost always still there, although the ability to care for the child after it is born will depend on each individual case.
Why should mental retardation not be considered as a disease?
First a Disease is :an impairment of the normal state of the living animal or plant body or one of its parts that interrupts or modifies the performance of the vital functions, is typically manifested by distinguishing signs and symptoms, and is a response to environmental factors (as malnutrition, industrial hazards, or climate), to specific infective agents (as worms, bacteria, or viruses), to inherent defects of the organism (as genetic anomalies), or to combinations of these factors . From Mweeian Webster,
Mental retardation is :subaverage intellectual ability equivalent to or less than an IQ of 70 that is accompanied by significant deficits in abilities (as in communication or self-care) necessary for independent daily living, is present from birth or infancy, and is manifested especially by delayed or abnormal development, by learning difficulties, and by problems in social adjustment
What job is a mild mentally retarded person capable of?
The capability of a mentally disabled person will vary greatly from case to case depending on the severity of their IQ.
What are the main symptoms of mental retardation?
Mental retardation, often known as intellectual impairment, is a condition in which a person's IQ is lower than normal. Normal people have an IQ of 80 or higher, while impaired people have an IQ of less than 80. The child's development, thinking, adaptability, decision-making capacity, and interactive abilities are all impaired to varying degrees.
Genetic variables include Down's syndrome and Mongolism.
Birth traumas might result in cerebral palsy or a low APGAR score.
Infections of the brain and its coverings are known as encephalitis and meningitis.
Infections in the mother during pregnancy, such as CMV and rubella.
The mother uses alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes while pregnant.
Late pregnancy is one in which the mother is older than 35 years old.
Birth defects cause a child's development to be disrupted.
Cretinism and hyperthyroidism are metabolic diseases.
Exposure to toxins, radiation, and poisons such as lead and mercury.
A nutritional insufficiency such as iodine deficiency is an example.
Head injuries are a common occurrence.
Down syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of one extra chromosome in addition to the normal 46.
It is a severe neurological illness that impairs one's capacity to control posture, balance, and movement by affecting the brain's motor functions.
Many people have used homeopathy to help them live healthy and normal life. In Hyderabad, Dr. Care Homeopathy provides Homeopathy Treatment for Mental Retardation and Autism.
What are the characteristics of mild mental retardation?
An average IQ score is 100. A score under 70 is considered mental retardation. Borderline mental retardation is generally around 70-85 - high enough not to be considered mentally retarded, but just barely.
In general, the characteristics are similar to mild mental retardation (50-70 IQ) but milder. The person may have difficulty learning in school. In adulthood, most can hold down a job that isn't highly intellectual, and they'll probably be able to live independently.
Borderline mental retardation is more significant when combined with other disabilities such as ADHD or learning disabilities. Since their overall skills are somewhat lower, any additional condition will send specific areas into the impaired range. So for example if a person with an IQ of 78 had a 20 point discrepancy in verbal versus performance IQ (which is often seen in specific learning disabilities such as dyslexia or nonverbal learning disability), the lower score will be in the mild mental retardation range. In addition, they have a harder time learning compensatory strategies, such as memorizing words if you struggle with decoding, that other people with similar disabilities can use.
What is the proper politically correct phrase for mentally retarded?
According to the World Health Organization, the proper term is "mental retardation". However, this is expected to change to in the next revision of the ICD codes to something like "intellectual disability" or "intellectual development disorder" (this is what the DSM already uses).
Describe the Prenatal Perinatal and Postnatal Causes of Mental Retardation?
Perinatal causes of mental retardation can be genetic, lack of proper nutrition, drug abuse and injury to the fetus inside the uterus (such as a mother being abused or in an accident), lack of oxygen to the fetus, smoking and chemical injury. Prenatal causes can be genetic, the mother's failure to care for herself properly throughout her life, drug abuse and smoking. Postnatal causes can be premature birth, drug abuse, chemical damage (such as through nursing or feeding or child being exposed to a harmful chemical). Other causes can be brain injury arfter birth or during toddler years or even a dire sickness that affects brain cells. Some children can be brain damaged by seizures but not cause mental retardation. Some people do not use that term now but rather use "developmentally disabled" or "brain injured".
It is best to eat a proper diet, never smoke, read all medication instructions and warnings before, during and after pregnancy. If you are concerned about genetic problems you can be tested. It is important not to do unsafe things while you are pregnant (such as climbing ladders, climibing chairs, lifting too much weight and thinking you can do everything you did before...modertation and wisdom is needed). Avoid alcohol at all costs and quit smoking if you are a smoker. If you are an addict get help. When the child is born keep an eye on it at all times and never let another person harm him or her. Always use child restraints in all automobiles, planes and trains. Watch other children around babies too.
If you have a developmentaly disabled child be patient, love him and her and have fun teaching and doing things together. Use all support systems from family, government and schools.
Is retardation the opposite to accelaration?
I think the most accurate antonym for acceleration is deceleration.
Males who tend to be taller than average and show mild mental retardation may be designated?
men have XYY
Is it common for people with mental retardation to lack empathy?
THYROXINE
It is not inconceivable intensely narcissistic or self-centered people may have a lack of empathy or concern for others. There have been horrible cases of (family violence) where people have attacked younger siblings, for example. Taunts such as Crazy, Mental-Man, Re-tard! endlessly recited by normal kids cannot help make situation touchy at best. sometimes apparently placid people will go on an unexplained jag (not related to a temper outburst or sudden anger, oddly) and in some cases, Declare (War) on the furniture, start smashing things for no reason at all. they call it a Mental Attack and attack it is on the violent side, the odd thing is there is no external trigger, unlike aggravated assault, the re4sult of an argument , for example.
What type of care do profoundly retarded individuals require?
At the other end of the spectrum, pervasive support, or life-long, daily support for most adaptive areas, would be required for profoundly retarded individuals.
You can check with that inmate's attorney and have them file a motion for mental evaluation.
