James Cook

Captain Cook was aware of the importance of certain vitamins in preventing scurvy. He ensured on his voyages that his crew had sauerkraut and lemon syrup, as he believed these contained the necessary vitamins to prevent scurvy - as indeed they do. The vital ingredient was vitamin C.

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After observing the transit of Venus in June 1769, Lieutenant James Cook (not yet a Captain) went on to search for Terra Australis Incognita, the great continent which some believed to extend round the pole. Cook was under secret orders to try to find the great unknown southern continent, and claim it for Britain. In so doing, he charted the eastern coastline of what he called "New South Wales" (now Australia), making extensive notes on the people, flora, fauna and prospective suitability for colonisation, and reported back to England.

It was shortly after observing the transit of Venus that Cook came across New Zealand, which had already been discovered by Abel Tasman in 1642. He spent some months there, charting the coastline. Nearly a year later, he set sail westward for New Holland, the eastern coast of which he later named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain.

Captain Cook was commissioned by the Royal Society in England to search the southern seas and find the "Great Southland" ("Terra Australis") that was believed to exist in the world's southern oceans somewhere. The result was that although he hadn't been the first European to discover Australia, he was the first known to have sailed along and chart most of the eastern coast of Australia - which was eventually to become the most significant for settlement.

This was most significant in history because it helped to define the boundaries of the great southern nation: as a result, the Royal Society was still not satisfied that the great Terra Australis had actually yet been found, and Cook named the land, New South Wales, believing it to resemble Wales in the UK. Two years after this journey, in 1772, Cook was sent again to discover if another great land lay east of Australia. It was on this journey that he became the first European to cross the Antarctic Circle.

cannons

James Cook returned from his first major voyage in July 1771. This was the journey in which he observed and successfully recorded the Transit of Venus, and during which he charted New Zealand and Australia's east coast.

Captain Cook was speared by Hawaiian natives in Kealakekua Bay when he revisited the Hawaiian Islands (which he had named the Sandwich Islands) whilst returning from his third journey. At that stage, the Hawaiian Islands were not part of any country.

Many early explorers took astronomers to assist with navigation and record any new stars discovered during the voyage. However,in the case of James Cook, he had a specific mission: to observe the transit of Venus from the best known vantage point, Tahiti. The astronomer, Charles Green, took the necessary observations and measurements alongside Cook and recorded notes of this momentous occasion. It is interesting to note that Cook and Green's measurements disagreed by as much as 42 seconds.

James Cook named the eastern half of Australia New South Wales when he charted it in 1770 and claimed it for England.

Captain Cook's wife Elizabeth died in 1835. She outlived her husband by 56 years.

Captain James cook stole a fairy boat and took aboriginals with him to every exploration, when the police found the boat, they fined him $7000 but they did not take him to jail Because they new he was trying to explore.

James Cook (not yet a captain) first visited New Zealand in October of 1769, staying until February 1770, when he sailed west to the eastern coast of Australia.

The details of his arrival are: On 7 October 1769, 12-year-old cabin boy named Nicholas Young first sighted New Zealand, and two days later the 'Endeavour' anchored in Poverty Bay, which Cook originally named as Endeavour Bay. Cook and two botanists, Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, went ashore at the future site of Gisborne on 9 October 1769.

Incidentally, James Cook was not the first to discover New Zealand, but he was the first to circumnavigate the islands. (Abel Tasman discovered New Zealand in 1642.)

On Cook's first journey, departing in 1768, his mission was to chart the transit of Venus. Commanding the 'Endeavour', Cook went on to search for Terra Australis Incognita, the great continent which some believed to extend round the pole. He first came across New Zealand, which had already been discovered by Abel Tasman in 1642. He spent some months there, charting the coastline. Nearly a year later, he set sail east, becoming the first known European to sight the Eastern coast of Australia, in April 1770. He continued north, charting the coast in some detail, before returning a favourable report to England. It was this report which convinced the authorities to colonise the Australian continent with convicts.

On Cook's second journey which lasted from 1772-1775, he commanded the 'Resolution' and the 'Adventure' on an expedition to the South Pacific, disproving the rumour of a great southern continent, exploring the Antarctic Ocean, New Hebrides and New Caledonia.

On his third journey, commencing in 1776, Cook visited and named the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii, and unsuccessfully sought a northwest passage along the coast of North America, including Alaska. On his way back to England, he stopped at Hawaii again. After a boat was stolen by natives, he and his crew had an altercation with the Hawaiians. On 14 February 1779, Cook was speared by Hawaiian natives.

James Cook married Elizabeth Cook (nee Batts) in 1762.

James Cook was chosen to explore. With his experience and skills, he was an ideal candidate for the scientific and exploration missions upon which he set out. His explorations were simply him following orders.

Cook's original mission was to observe the transit of Venus from the vantage point of Tahiti.

Cook was then under secret orders to try to find the great unknown southern continent, and claim it for Britain. In so doing, he charted the eastern coastline of what he called "New South Wales" (now Australia), making extensive notes on the people, flora, fauna and prospective suitability for colonisation, and reported back to England.

It is significant that, contrary to popular belief, James Cook did not discover Australia. The continent he explored had been discovered over 150 years before, by the Dutch and possibly even the Portuguese before then.

It was upon the success of this first mission which then caused Cook to be selected for later, specific missions.

he has to keep it a secaret

On his third journey, commencing in 1776, Cook visited and named the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii, and unsuccessfully sought a northwest passage along the coast of North America. Returning from this journey, he stopped at Hawaii again. After a boat was stolen by natives, he and his crew had an altercation with the Hawaiians. On 14 February 1779, Cook was speared and killed by Hawaiian natives (some reports say he was clubbed to death).

There are reports that he was cannibalised, but cannibalism was not actively practised in Hawaii at this time. It seems his body was prepared in an unusual ritual, which may have seemed like cannibalism to those of his crew who witnessed it. Because he had originally been regarded as a god by the natives, his heart was divided between tribal chiefs and eaten. his hands were stuffed with salt to preserve them, whilst many of his bones were placed around the island, given to other significant tribal chiefs. His remains were then returned to his crew in dignified fashion, with a cloak of white and black feathers, where they were placed in a small coffin and buried at sea.

Captain Cook claimed Australia for Great Britain in 1770

Captain's Cook's original mission was to observe the transit of Venus from the vantage point of Tahiti. He was then under orders to try to find the great unknown southern continent, and claim it for Britain. In so doing, he charted the eastern coastline, making extensive notes on the people, flora, fauna and prospective suitability for colonisation, and reported back to England.

In one incident with the Māori, they attempted to kidnap the servant boy of the Tahitian chief who had come aboard with Cook when he left Tahiti. Cook's crew fired on the canoe, killing one Māori. Other incidents were situations of self-defence, the necessity for which was largely brought about by the lack of understanding between two completely different cultures.

Yes. On his first journey, departing in 1768, Cook commanded the 'Endeavour' on an expedition to chart the transit of Venus. Cook went on to search for Terra Australis Incognita, the great continent which some believed to extend round the pole. He first came across New Zealand, which had already been discovered by Abel Tasman in 1642. He spent some months there, charting the coastline. Nearly a year later, he set sail east, becoming the first known European to sight the Eastern coast of Australia, in April 1770. He continued north, charting the coast in some detail, before returning a favourable report to England. It was this report which convinced the authorities to colonise the Australian continent with convicts. On Cook's second journey which lasted from 1772-1775, he commanded the 'Resolution' and the 'Adventure' on an expedition to the South Pacific, disproving the rumour of a great southern continent, exploring the Antarctic Ocean, New Hebrides and New Caledonia. On his third journey, commencing in 1776, Cook visited and named the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii, and unsuccessfully sought a northwest passage along the coast of North America. On his way back to England, he stopped at Hawaii again. After a boat was stolen by natives, he and his crew had an altercation with the Hawaiians. On 14 February 1779, Cook was speared by Hawaiian natives.

If you mean the HMS Endeavour (Captain Cook), then it left Plymouth port in 1768 with 94 people aboard.

He did indeed have a wife named Elizabeth Batts, whom he knew from a very young age. They also had six children.

As Captain Cook sailed north along the Queensland coast, his ship the "Endeavour" struck the Great Barrier Reef and nearly sank. The Endeavour managed to stay afloat for another week whilst the crew sought desperately for land, eventually sighting the harbour formed by the Endeavour River. The ship was landed on 10 June 1770, and Cook spent almost two months repairing it, thus giving rise to the fledgling township of Cooktown.