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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (100–44 BC) was a Roman general who played a vital role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He was dubbed the Republic’s “dictator in perpetuity.”
4,636 Questions
Why was Caesar important to Roman history?
Julius Caesar was important to Roman history because he precipitated the crisis which led to the fall of the Roman Republic and the beginning of rule by emperors. He started the first of the six civil wars at the end of the Republic, defeating the forces of the senate. The then concentrated power in his hands. He ended the election of the officers of state and make them became his appointees (later they were appointees of emperors). He had himself appointed dictator for life. This was an extraordinary office of state appointed by senatorial decree in times of emergency. Its term was six months, whereas for Caesar it was for life. Thus, Caesar laid the foundations of the later rule by emperors. He was assassinated because of suspicions that he wanted to become a king, which was anathema to the culture of the Roman Republic. After his death there were more civil wars and power struggles which ended with a victory by Caesar's adopted son, who became the first Roman emperor under the name of Augustus.
Caesar was also the greatest military leader in Roman history and the conqueror of Gaul. He also radically reformed the Roman calendar, switching from a lunar system to a solar one. This is the calendar which, except for minor modifications introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in the 16th century, we still use today. Caesar also made reforms which addressed the plight of the poor.
The Republic fell under the weight of imperialism. It had become dysfunctional with the growth of the empire. The central government lost control over the provinces whose governors acted quite independently from Rome. The professionalisation of the army had made the soldiers loyal to the commanders of their legions who could use them to obtain what they wanted through violence or the threat of violence. Tax collection in the provinces was carried out by private collectors who 'farmed' the taxes to line their pockets. Corruption went out of control. There was mass poverty. The senators were seen as being concerned with the interests of the aristocracy, rather than those of the poor and were unpopular among the middle and lower classes. Caesar wanted power for himself, but also to confront all these problems, create a viable state capable to deal with the empire, and make reforms in favour of the poor.
Julius Caesar never wedded Cossutia, she belonged to an Equestian family (look up equestrian). Although Cossutia's family was seen to be wealthy Julius Caesar broke off their engagement. Some say from reading the first page of SUETONIUS (his book the twelve caesars) that Cossutia is Caesar's first wife, some how mis-interpreted they are. Considering clearly written was "he broke an engagement" and "instead, he married Cornelia.." Cornelia was the daughter of four time consul Cinna, and yet also Cinna was a friend and supporter who allied himself Marius. Julius Caesar is son to the Brother of Marius's wife.
so inconclusion you can look at it this way, financially better would of been with Cossutia. But politically by family and further strenghtening his link with Marius, or with Marian supporters (political power by popular vote of the assembly/people).
In the play Julius Caesar How does flavius and marullus view the workers they meet in the street?
Flavius is critical because the workers are taking the day off to celebrate Caesar's victory. Flavius doesn't believe this is anything to celebrate because he doesn't think this is a real victory.
What factors weakened Roman government?
One big problem was the political power and the size of the army. Emperors did not want to antagonise the army. The government could barely manage to finance the pay, bonuses and supplies for an enormous army. This, over time, led to taxation regimes which were resented by the people. A bloated bureaucracy also contributed to the difficulty in raising enough revenue. Towards the end of the empire there were also difficulties in recruiting soldiers and the army resorted to hiring mercenaries and also relied on help for allied peoples.
What was Julius Caesar's real name?
Julius agustus rufous. Caesar wasn't a real name it was just the title he was given.
What is the Significance to Julius Caesar's reign?
Julius Caeser was a famous military general who conquered Gaul (France) after this the senate demanded he return to Rome and relinquish his command in Gaul. He led his army into Rome with his new allies (Lepidus and Marc Antony) and took control. Lepidus retired shortly after and Antony and Caeser separated Rome. Antony took the East and Caeser took the West with Rome. The Roman senate, led by Brutus thought that Caeser had to much power and they killed him. His step-son, Octavion (Augustus) went to take the throne of Rome and after a civil war with Antony (leaving Antony dead) he reunited the empire and ruled as the first emperor.
Why must everybody of men seek to increase their power What is the source of Brutus observation?
This is homework and you need to answer this question because we don’t do homework.
The Romans built aqueducts all over the Roman Empire, from Britain to Spain, from Gaul (France) to Greece, from Turkey to Palestine and across north Africa.
What territory did Julius Caesar conquer?
Julius Caesar conquered Gaul north of Gallia Narbonensis (the south and southeast of France), which was already under the Romans. This consisted of the rest of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland south of the River Rhine and Germany west of the Rhine.
Why is Brutus better than the other conspirators?
Brutus was a trustworthy person; he had good intentions. He was a strong believer in honesty which comes hand in hand with being trustworthy. When the conspirators wanted to kill Mark Antony, Brutus objected to it.
Born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavii family, in 44 BC he was adopted posthumously by his maternal great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar following Caesar's assassination. Together with Mark Antonyand Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators.[note 3] The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its members: Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Augustus in 31 BC.
After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire.
The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace). Despite continuous wars or imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and one year-long civil war over the imperial succession, the Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries. Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia, expanded possessions in Africa, expanded into Germania, and completed the conquest of Hispania.
Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states, and made peace with the Parthian Empirethrough diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign.
Augustus died in 14 AD at the age of 75. He may have died from natural causes, although there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as Emperor by his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law),
Why does Brutus disagrees by taking the oath?
Brutus believed that as a noble man, his word should be his oath. He considered himself and the other men to be honorable men, and their mission a worthy one. He felt that any who needed an oath to carry out the execution of Caesar shouldn't be amongst them.
How Portia Brutus's wife died?
because she could not take the pressure in keeping brutus's secret of killing ceacar
Was Julius Caesar actually a great leader or was he a tyrant?
Well, the Optimates, or the senatorial party that was against Caesar would say that he was being very unfair, but that was because they had a lot to lose if his reforms were passed. The Populares, or the Caesarian party thought he was being very just and fair, especially in his proposals for debt and land reform. So as for the question of "fairness" it all depends on which faction you think was right. However, at the end of his life, Caesar became very arrogant and actually insulted the senate and Roman custom. So in this aspect you could say he was tyrannical.
Describe the features of the rule of Julius Caesar?
Julius Caesar radically reformed the state of the Roman Republic and concentrated power in his hands. He weakened the political power of the patrician aristocracy by weakening the political body which gave it political clout, the senate. He filled it with his supporters. The first chance to do so was the fact that many senators died in the civil war Caesar fought against the forces of the senate. He gave the vacant posts to his supporters. Then he increased the size of the senate from 600 to 900, filling the new posts with his adherents. He also put a limit on the term of office of the provincial governors, who were appointed from among the ranks of the senators. This was needed because the governors treated their provinces as their personal fiefs and the central government had lost control over them.
Cesar ended the practice of electing the officers of state and turned them into his appointees. He gave himself the title of prefect of the morals to give himself the powers of the censors, who among other things, oversaw public morals and enrolled the senators. It was through this that he could increase the size of the senate. This enabled him to increase the size of the senate. He also gave himself tribunician powers have the powers which the plebeian tribunes (who were the representatives of the plebeians and were elected) enjoyed. This gave him the power to veto the senate. Therefore, Caesar increasingly put the control of the state in his hands, contrary to the republican tradition of sharing this among elected officials. This radically transformed the nature of Roman politics. He was also appointed dictator four times. The first time, in 49 BC, he was appointed dictator to preside over his own election as consul and resigned after 11 days. In 48 BC he was appointed for an indeterminate term while he was busy in Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean. He held it for one year. In 46 BC he was appointed for a term of ten years. In 44 BC he was appointed for life: dictator perpetuo (dictator in perpetuity).
Caesar was a pupularis. This was a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms to improve the lot of the poor. It was opposed by the optimates, a conservative political faction which supported the interests of the aristocracy and opposed reforms. Caesar continued to pursue his land reforms to redistribute land for farming to the landless poor which he had legislated years earlier. He wrote off 1/4 of all debts, and distributed some of his money to the poor.
Due to his policies in favour of the poor Caesar was very popular. He was seen as the hero of the people who stood up against an aristocracy which was seen as decadent and corrupt. He was a charismatic leader. He spent lavishly on public games which were festivities which could last for several days. The games had to be financed privately. Such sponsorship added more spice to the otherwise boring life of the poor and helped with his popularity. He transformed the gladiatorial games from funerary rituals in honour of the dead performed privately at the funeral of the rich into public games everyone could enjoy. Caesar also created his own personal religious cult by claiming that his family descended from the goddess Venus.
Why was Julius Caesar murder in the Senate on March 15?
Julius Caesar was murdered on the ides of March because of expediency. In a short time, possibly one or two days, Caesar was due to leave for his Parthian campaign which could take two or more years. The ides of March happened to be the day of the last senate meeting that Caesar would attend before heading east. The conspirators acted on the ides, not wanting to tolerate another couple or three years of Caesar's dictatorship.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
How did Julius Caesar keep power?
It goes without saying that Caesar was able to maintain power as a dictator who simply would not give up the position. However before he won the civil war and was a triumvir, he maintained his status by keeping himself in the public eye. He did this by writing his books on the war in Gaul. He wrote them to keep the public aware of him and did this in a manipulative manner. First of all he wrote in simple, clear Latin so everyone could read his stories. Secondly, he sent them to Rome to b published in chapters or "books", never all at once. In this manner everyone was aware of Caesar and his exploits for the entire Gaulic campaign. When he returned to Italy and fought the civil war, and won, the power was his for the taking.
What assets did Caesar bring to the roman empire?
Augustus brought the Pax Romana and all its benefits. Caligula did not bring any asset to the empire during his reign, but brought a sinister precedent by his death. He was the first emperor to be assassinated by the Praetorian Guard, thus giving the Guard a dangerous realization of its power. Nero was extremely popular with the common people. He, not only made technological advances but was the first emperor to use the dome in a building.
What goal Antony have in mind by giving his speech at Caesar's funeral?
In his speech at Caesar's funeral, Antony aims to sway public opinion against the conspirators who assassinated Caesar. By appealing to the emotions of the crowd and highlighting Caesar's accomplishments and his benevolence towards the people, Antony seeks to incite them to revolt. His ultimate goal is to undermine Brutus and the other conspirators' justification for the murder and to position himself as a leader rallying the populace against them. Through his powerful rhetoric, Antony also aims to avenge Caesar’s death and restore his legacy.
