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Justinian I
Justinian I, also known as Justinian the Great, was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565 AD.
500 Questions
Who was the emperor after Justinian?
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
Justin II followed Justinian as emperor.
What are three contributions of Justinian?
1) Justinian I was one of the most important emperors in the history the Orthodox Church, the official church of the empire. He was described as a nursing father of the church. He put the church on a more solid footing and redefined its structure. He wanted to protect its purity and persecuted dissident Christian sects. He secured the rights of the church and the clergy and protected and expanded the monastic orders. He granted the monks the right to inherit property from private individuals and to receive annual gifts for the state and banned the confiscation of monastic property. He gave the canons of the church legal force and issued laws regarding the administration of church property, the elections, rights and obligations of the clergy, the conduct of service and episcopal jurisdiction.
2) Justinian I commissioned the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) which was dubbed Justinian code in the 16th century. It came in four parts. The Codex Justinianus was a review of imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian). It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary and clarified obscure passages. Its aim was to put the laws into books (previously they were written on many different scrolls), harmonise conflicting views among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law and have a uniform and coherent body of law. The Institutiones was a textbook for first year law students. The Digesta was a collection of fragments taken from essays on laws written by jurists, which was used as an advanced law student textbook and the Novellae Constitutiones (a collection of the laws issued by Justinian).
3) Justinian I undertook measures to tackle corruption in the provinces and made tax collection more efficient by increasing its professionalization. Justinian's rule was quite despotic. He regulated everything in administration, law and religion tightly. It was said that the church could do nothing contrary to his will. He started the byzantine tradition of the emperor being in charge of the church.
4) Justinian I wanted to 'restore' the Roman Empire by reconquering the lands lost by the western part of the Roman Empire as a result of the Germanic invasions. He succeeded in defeating the Vandals in north-western Africa, retaking this area, the Ostrogoths, retaking Italy, Sicily and Dalmatia (on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea) and the Visigoths, and retaking southern Spain. This was a major achievement and gave him control of the western Mediterranean. Although the war in Italy was very costly, the conquests generated a large state revenues the ( they increased by 20%) helped him with an ambitious programme of church building and public works. His conquests were later lost again.
5) Justinian undertook important public construction projects. He rebuilt the badly damaged Church of the Holy Apostles and the famous Hagia Sophia church in Constantinople. He built the church of San Vitale in Ravenna (the centre of Byzantine rule in Italy). He built underground cisterns to secure the water supply for Constantinople, including the massive Basilica Cistern (453x 212 feet and 30 ft. high). He built a dam is south-western Turkey to prevent floods and the Sangiarius bridge in north-western Turkey to secure a supply route to the east for the army. He built border fortifications from Africa to the East. Justinian restored towns damaged by an earthquake and built a new city, Justiniana Prima, as the new capital of the province of Illyria. He built a massive granary on an island near Constantinople to make the grain traffic form Egypt more efficient. He also established diplomatic relations with Ethiopia to bypass the land Silk Road through Persia because there were wars with Persia and managed to establish a local production of silk.
How did Constantines choice affect the future of the Byzantine empire?
Constantine I or (the Great) did not have any connection with the Byzantine Empire and the Byzantine Empire did not exist historically.
Byzantine Empire is a term coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire. The Romans did not use this term, they called it Roman Empire or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania).
According to dating conventions, the beginning of the Byzantine Empire was in 476. Constantine's reign as sole emperor of the whole Roman Empire (both the eastern and the western parts) was from 324 to 337, well before the period which historians call the Byzantine period. One indirect contribution he made was the creation of Constantinople, which later became the capital of the so-called Byzantine Empire, and the site he chose for it, which historians used the coin the term Byzantine.
The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the Greek city which was redeveloped, turned into the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople by Constantine in 330. It is used to indicate the fact that not long after the fall of the western part, this empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character after it lost most of its non-Greek territories. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620, some 150 years after the fall of the west.
Why was Justinian successful in expanding the boundaries of the byzantine empire?
The 6th century Byzantine (or, Roman) Emperor Justinian was successful in expanding the boundaries of the Byzantine (or, Roman) Empire for various reasons. For one thing, he enjoyed the services of a very capable commander, Belisarius, whose skills were dedicated to faithful achievement of the conquests that Justinian determined to be necessary. For another, he was extremely energetic and diligent in his efforts to bring greater glory and prosperity to the Empire. For yet another, he enjoyed the support and prudent counsel of one of the most remarkable women from ancient times, Theodora.
How did Justinian create the code?
No culture developed the Justinian code. This code was a compendium of the previous 400 years of Roman law.
The emperor Justinian I commissioned a collection of books called Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), which was also dubbed Justinian Code in the 16th century. A first edition was published in 529 and a second one in 534. It was a very comprehensive digest of centuries of Roman civil law. It also included collections of essays by famous jurists in two student textbooks. It has provided the basis of the civil law of many modern countries.
The Corpus Juris Civilis came in four parts:
1) The Codex (book) or Codex Justinianus, which was a review of imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian). It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary and clarified obscure passages. Its aim was to put the laws in a single book (previously they were written on many different scrolls), harmonise conflicting views among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law and have a uniform and coherent body of law. It consists of 12 books, 1 book covers ecclesiastical law, the duties of high officers and sources of law, 7 cover private law, 1 criminal law and 3 administrative laws.
2) The Digesta is a collection of fragments taken from essays on laws written by jurists (mostly from the 2nd and 3rd centuries) which express the private opinions of legal experts. Most were from Ulpian (40%) and Paulus (17%). It was a large amount of writing which was condensed in 50 books. It was used as an advanced law student textbook.
3) The Institutiones is a textbook for first year law students written by two professors. It was a series of extracts from statements on the basic institutions of Roman law from the teaching books by 'writers of authority.' In was largely based on the texts of Gaius, a jurist of the 2nd century AD.
4) The Novellae Constitutiones, which contained laws recently issued by Justinian.
Justinian I was an empror of the so-called Byzantine Empire. This is a term which has been coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The eastern part of the Roman Empire continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire. The people in question did not use this term. They called their empire Roman Empire or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania).
What year did Justinian rule Byzantine Empire?
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
Justinian became emperor in 527 and ruled until his death in 565.
How much time elapsed between the writing of the Twelve Tables and the Justinian Code?
If 38 years elapsed between the start and finish of the Justinian code, and the twelve tables were created in 450 B.C., it would be approximately 412 years that elapsed between the two periods.
How does Justinian's codes benefit the byzantine citizens?
By the way i am studying about Justinian so bare with at that moment he made these code of laws because he wanted his empire to be stabled so what he did id that he created the code of laws and it made a huge impact on the empire it took care of the empire
Why did Justinian reorganize roman?
Justinian attempted to rewrite and reorganize Roman law. This was done in his quest to revive the Roman Empire back to power.
What is Justinian Corpus Juris Civilis?
The Corpus Juris Civilis, also known as the "Body of Civil Law," is a comprehensive codification of Roman law commissioned by Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century. It consists of four main parts: the Codex Justinianus (a collection of imperial constitutions), the Digesta or Pandectae (a compilation of legal writings and principles), the Institutiones (a textbook for law students), and the Novellae (new laws enacted after the Codex). This monumental work laid the foundation for the legal systems of many modern European countries and significantly influenced the development of civil law.
How did emperor Justinian improve Roman law?
Justinian created a commission of sixteen men to bring order out of all the laws. These men worked for six years and studied more than 2000 texts. In 534, the commission produced the Corpus Juris Civilis -- the Body of Civil Law. The Corpus, written in Latin, became the standard legal work until the middle of the 19th century.
How did the Justinian code influence European law?
Justinian I commissioned the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) which was dubbed Justinian code in the 16th century. This was a comprehensive compendium and revision of four centuries of Roman law.
This collection of books was rediscovered in a library in Pisa in 1070. It had a big impact. Bologna University (established in 1088) was the first university in Europe and its major appeal was its faculty of law, which had four professors who specialised in studying interpreting this work. It attracted student all over Europe. The Corpus Juris Civilis became the plank of the development an emerging class of professional lawyers. It became the foundation of the law in the Italian city-states of the time.
The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I (reigned 1155--1190) was the first dynastic ruler to hire professional lawyers to run his administration, which became based on the Justinian Code. The use of Roman law provided a new rationale for imperial rule as the emperors' claim to divine right to rule had been challenged. It presented the law of the state as a reflection of natural moral law and the principle of rationality and provided a framework which ensured consistency in administration.
The Corpus Juris Civilis was also used to formulate the Napoleonic Code in 1804. This replaced the existing uncoordinated and contradictory web of separate old feudal and royal French laws. This code was different than the Justinian Code, which was a collection of edited or revised exracts of law. It was more systematic. Nevertheless, the latter provided material which was important in the creation of Europe's first modern code of civil law. Following the French example, continental European countries later also compiled their codes of civil law and they,too, used the Corpus Juris Civilis as its foundation.
What was Justinian is major goal during his religion?
Justinian I was one of the most important emperors in the history the Orthodox Church, the official church of the empire. He was described as a nursing father of the church. He put the church on a more solid footing and redefined its structure. He wanted to protect its purity and persecuted dissident Christian sects. He secured the rights of the church and the clergy and protected and expanded the monastic orders. He granted the monks the right to inherit property from private individuals and to receive annual gifts for the state and banned the confiscation of monastic property. He gave the canons of the church legal force and issued laws regarding the administration of church property, the elections, rights and obligations of the clergy, the conduct of service and episcopal jurisdiction. Justinian also persecuted dissident Christian doctrines. He rebuilt the famous Hagia Sophia Church in Constantinople and built the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, the capital of the Byzantine possessions in Italy.
What were improvements made to constintonople as a result of public works?
Some of the improvements made to Constantinople as a result of Justinian's public works projects were new bridges, public baths, parks, roads, and hospitals. The emperor also built many grand churches.
Everything Macedonian is derogatory for the pro-Hellenic minded Western Scholars.
Theodora was deemed to be a prostitute because her identity was Macedonian, when no Greek or Hellenic identity existed.
Cleopatra, the last and 7th queen Cleopatra of Egypt was ugly, but clever, because she claimed to be Macedonian.
Gheorge Hadjdy the Macedonian Tomanian footballer was descendant of a Macedonian mountainous shepherd family, because he claimed to be Macedonian.
"I am Macedonian and I am proud of it" he answered Journalists.
The Greeks today claim; "Macedonians do not exist" Isn't this a genocidal attitude?
We do exist, consist and persist. We are the only nation in the present world with Macedonian identity; ancient, Middle Ages and present time.
The opposition of Greece towards Macedonia only reinforces our resolve to survive and triumph.
Why did the Justinian code perserve for 900 years?
the justinian code lasted so long because it was fair and justifing
