Linux

Check for the executable permission. ls -l will tell you the precise permissions of a file. On the very end of the permissions string, an executable will have an x there.

Linux does not determine things like executability the same way Windows does. While Windows will happily (And blindly.) treat a file as an executable when it has certain file extensions, Linux thinks instead about two things: Whether it has a certain permission to run, and if its "interpreter" is available.

Yes, even precompiled binaries run this way. In their case their "interpeter" is merely the loader that passes the program to the kernel for launch.

There is a way to run scripts in Linux without the execute permission, and that's by invoking their interpreter directly yourself, such as the command:

$ python2 /path/to/python/program.py

In this case to Linux you're merely running python with the program you want as an argument.

This does NOT work for precompiled binaries, which MUST be given executable permissions to load and run.

Xfce is a GTK+ based desktop environment for Linux. It is similar in many respects to GNOME, but is designed to use less RAM.

Initially it was just called "Red Hat Linux", but now Red Hat focuses exclusively on the enterprise market with its Linux distribution named "Red Hat Enterprise Linux" (RHEL) with the community version named CentOS (Community ENTerprise Operating System) and Fedora (a Red Hat-supported community Linux distribution)

The Linux kernel which forms the base of Linux started to be developed in 1991

It wasn't until late 1993 when Slackware first appeared that it was in any kind of usable form though - unless you were an uber geek that is. Red Hat Linux 1 appeared in mid 1994 and Debian 1 was released a year later

The first Ubuntu (a clone of Debian) didn't get released till 2004

This depends on what desktop environment is running. The Unity desktop uses the Compiz window manager. Unity 2D uses Metacity.

Linux administration is a short course on how to become Linux administrator. In Linux administration, you may learn how to run Linux in advanced, learn the Linux techniques and troubleshooting.

1. Yes, you can do that.

2. Yes, you can choose between them. Fedora installs a bootloader known as "GRUB", that will allow you to select either Fedora or Windows XP from a list.

For Unix based systems the first field is the user-id; there is no beginning plus symbol.

You will need to provide more information in order to completely answer the question.

Set the username map parameter in smb.conf to point to the map file, frequently /etc/samba/smbusers , and assign a Samba password to the user.

"find / -executable" will search the root directory for executables. Not that this will also show directories that are accessible.

type on a Linux terminal: ifconfig

Note: it is ipconfig in Windows.

The Linux kernel entropy pool is limited to 4096 bits because of the lack of a mouse and keyboard.

They are no way similar, so there is no point in comparison.

That would be IRIX.

By "change port in Linux", I assume you mean changing the default port an application listens or transmits on. This is usually set in the program's settings or configuration file.

/var/log

gnome and kde

There are really to many to accurately list

Generally Linux is deployed for most dedicated servers and host and array of different things the most common of which is LAMP (Linux Apache MYSQL PHP)

which is the Linux based Web Server package

Linux is open source, not shareware or proprietary.

There are commercial Linux distributions.

No. Installing Linux is no more destructive than installing Windows.

OpenBSD is a free an open-source Unix-like operating system, with a primary focus on security.

The only "PDF creator" I am familiar with is a pseudo-printer driver for Windows to "print" to a PDF file. Linux has the ability to print to a PDF file built-in.

There are many tools for creating PDF documents in Linux, if your application was not the one I described above.

Volumes are storage areas, such as partitions and disks.

Solaris is a specific version of Unix; the term 'Unix' refers to a classification, and several vendors provide a Unix-like environment. So, in a sense, Unix and Solaris are the same thing.