Linux

The trick is to have USB FAT16/FAT32 formatted with size fitting cylinder boundaries. Simply formatting from Windows(tried XP) will not work. Best option is go with parted/gparted units cyl is your best friend! Good LUCK!

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A PID is a process ID. It is generally a 15 bit number, and it identifies a process or a thread.

First off, Macs are computers, whereas Linux/UNIX are operating systems. They are not the same.

Comparing OS X, however, is more productive: OS X itself is a UNIX operating system derived from BSD. Objectively, however, OS X falls quite short of the average UNIX implementation or Linux distribution in this category.

It allegedly sports the most "user friendly" interface, but this is subjective.

Originally, it was meant to stand for "Kool." It now does not stand for anything, thus making KDE stand for "K Desktop Environment."

It can depend on which shell environment you are using, but what I use is:

function something

{

# body of routine

}

# call the function

something

A shell program is a program that runs from the computer's command line. Although they were more common in older programs, some people still use them, as the are generally faster and and more minimalist than their graphical counterparts.

So far, no dangerous and globally-spread viruses for Linux emerged.

But you should still be careful about facebook apps, since they can send your data somewhere without need to infect your system.

-It's free.

-It's very secure.

-It ensures independence from big companies.

-It's very customizable.

No. Copyrights to pieces of the kernel belong to the programmers who made them. While Microsoft does ironically have a copyright on a couple of the modules, it does not own all of the code.

RAID 2 and RAID 3.

The man command.

That depends on what you mean by "integrate." Include it on the installation medium? Build it into the kernel itself?

Only /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow need to be modified to create a new user, though a new home directory with skeleton configuration files is also created if requested.

Fork : The fork call basically makes a duplicate of the current process, identical in almost every way (not everything is copied over, for example, resource limits in some implementations but the idea is to create as close a copy as possible).

The new process (child) gets a different process ID (PID) and has the the PID of the old process (parent) as its parent PID (PPID). Because the two processes are now running exactly the same code, they can tell which is which by the return code of fork - the child gets 0, the parent gets the PID of the child. This is all, of course, assuming the fork call works - if not, no child is created and the parent gets an error code.

Clone : Clone, as fork, creates a new process. Unlike fork, these calls allow the child process to share parts of its execution context with the calling process, such as the memory space, the table of file descriptors, and the table of signal handlers.

When the child process is created with clone, it executes the function application fn(arg). (This differs from for, where execution continues in the child from the point of the fork call.) The fn argument is a pointer to a function that is called by the child process at the beginning of its execution. The arg argument is passed to the fn function.

When the fn(arg) function application returns, the child process terminates. The integer returned by fn is the exit code for the child process. The child process may also terminate explicitly by calling exit(2) or after receiving a fatal signal.

At least two major reasons, 3 when you consider Linux runs on far more architectures than Windows:

1. Windows and Linux use completely different binary formats: Windows uses a poor excuse of a COFF-format ripoff called PE (Portable Executable, a name that has no meaning whatsoever because NO PE binaries are portable, and not all of them are executable.), Linux uses the almost universally standard format used by everyone and their dog except WINDOWS called ELF (Executable and Linkable Format, a name that actually is accurate to what the format actually is, executable or linkable. Note that even your PS3s and Wiis use ELF.)

2. They're two completely different operating systems! You can't expect them to have matching APIs or ABIs at all, and those are two things any kind of binary has to rely on to work. Thus, even if you get a binary in ELF format, just because it works in Linux A, doesn't necessarily mean it'll work on Linux B, especially if Linux B is on a different architecture or uses a different library set.

3. (Applies only in some cases.) You're trying to run a 32-bit Windows PE-executable on a 64-bit SPARC port of a Linux distribution, where the binary itself is not even going to be anything the system understands without emulation.

the /usr directory is used to contain programs, libraries, and documents that most users on the system should have access to.

Use the 'cd' command without any target; that always puts you in the home directory which becomes by default the working directory.

When you are using a computer with multiple processors. This is common in servers and workstations, and increasingly common in home desktop computers as well.

If you want to shut down the computer, usually "poweroff" or "shutdown -h now" would do.

If you want to exit from the graphical interface, you typically just need to shut down the X server (the graphical session generally runs through a display manager session or your startx command)

There's no specific training or certification necessary to write programs for Linux. Anyone who knows C, for instance, can write programs and compile them, just as they would on any other platform. If you meant a Linux kernel developer, there's no formal qualifications. Just submit any patches to a current developer. If you continue to submit good code and start your own git tree, more people will likely pull from you.