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Lymphatic System

This category is for questions about the various vessels by which lymph, a watery fluid of leukocytes, circulates through the body, providing transportation for some materials and removing particulate from tissues.

1,658 Questions

What is the difference between the first and second line of defense in the immune system?

The difference between the first and second line of defence is that the first line of defence is your physical barrier like your skin and it protects you from most pathogens entering your body and the sweat and oil on your skin prevent some pathogens from growing on your body. the second line of defence is when a pathogen makes it past the first line of defence your body can mount an immune response to the attack and destroy the invader. Whether or not the response succeeds depends very much on your body's ability to distinguish between cells that belong to it and cells that do not.

What is the relationship of skin and immune system?

It provides natural immunity by providing a barrier that keeps out pathogens and other harmful materials. It is slightly acidic which makes it a deterrent to bacteria. It secretes sebum which helps lubricate and coat the skin, providing an added layer of protection.

What are the primary set of organs in the immune system?

The primary organs in your immune system is usually your heart and lungs. However, all of the different organs have different functions and without them, the body simply wouldn't survive. That being said, these "primary organs" can sometimes be dysfunctional in a person's body, affecting their body enormously. The logic therefore is that all organs are important as each other, seeing as they all make significant contributions to the overall health of the body and are equally vulnerable to harm, but the heart for example is responsible for keeping the body alive. It's like a motor, which is considered the most important part of a car, but how can a car move without any tyres? Of course, this answer can be criticised as a bit too Functionalist

Why is it so difficult for the immune system to fight an HIV infection?

Part of the problem in the control of HIV is the fact that the virus mutates fast. When something changes, or mutates quickly, it is difficult to find a cure or a vaccine that will effectively control it.

Swollen lymph nodes indicate what?

Bacterial or viral infection. In either case they either invade the lymph nodes causing them to swell or they swell because there is an infection present in the body, in which case they swell more the closer they are to the site of the infection.

Do the lymph nodes filter waste?

Yes the Lymph Node filters waste substance and nutrients throughout your bodies bloodstream and passes it to your white blood cells which destroy the material.

When the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen?

Tolerance exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen. All cells and tissues in the body contain antigens that normally do not stimulate an immune response. The immune system is said to exhibit tolerance toward such antigens.

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries?

Lacteals are the specialized lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine which transfer fats from the digetive system into the blood. Chyle (pronounced Kyle) is milky fluid found in the lacteals formed by fat globules and lymph.

How does HIV infect immune cells?

In my study of HIV; It depends on what type of cells you are talking about? There are several kinds of cells each with different functions on and in your body. Skin cells, Bone cells, muscle cells, blood cells, etc... The issue with HIV is that with white blood cells and T-Cells. White blood cells are your own personal army for fighting diseases. But they need instructions on how to fight and a weapon to use. This is where T-cells come in. They are basically the recon marines. They go out and identify what is causing harm to your body. Unfortunately, HIV kills these cells thus recon never informs your body on how to fight HIV. And with your T-Cell numbers dropping, your body starts to lose the ability to fight other diseases your body knows how to fight i.e a person with full blown AIDS means that they have lost a significant ability to fight off disease from their body. A common cold could lead to death. A simple scratch can turn into a serious infection and lead to death. Don't be "afraid" though, HIV is not airborne that I know of, and does not survive in an environment outside of conditions reflecting that of your body. Though wash your hands, avoid contact with body fluids (a case was made and proven with a dentist and a patient some years ago where HIV was spread) You can learn more on HIV from hiv.org If the HIV virus "has contact with cells" in a living person, and these cells are within the body, it means that the person is infected with the HIV virus. What about outside the body on, say, the skin? The virus does very poorly outside a human host and cannot survive long. But that doesn't mean we want it in contact even with our skin. We've all seen first responders in emergency situations wearing gloves and even the arm shields. Some even wear eye protection to keep fluids out of the eyes. That's for real. Any contact with body fluids of another in an uncertain situation is to be avoided. The HIV virus should not be allowed to have "contact with [the] cells" of anyone who wishes to avoid infection. As the question isn't specific, only a general answer can be given.

How does the lymph return to the venous circulation?

The lymphatic system is a one way system that begins in the tissues and ends when it reaches the blood vessels. the system helps the body maintain homeostasis by collecting accumulated tissue fluid around cells and returning it to blood circulation. the lymphatics play an active part in the immune defenses by filtering out and destroying foreign substances and microorganisms; and also help in digestion by absorbing fats from the small intestine.

Is it serious if you have a 15-2cm enlarged lymph node under your jawline on the right side of your neck that hurts when you press on it and has been there for 4 months even if you've seen 5 doctors?

What did the 5 Dr.'s say. And if it is still bothering you I would continue until I found a Dr. that could tell me what to do and exactly what it is.Have you tried emergency room yet? That would be my next step. I have the same thing under my jaw for almost 2 years now. I just started getting strange pains in my neck and numbness. I went to the Dr last week and he put me on antibiotics. He said its called lymphitis. I go back to him in a week. I'm so scared that I have cancer. He didnt take a bllod test or anything yet so maybe at my next visit. I'll let you know what happens.

How does the respiratory system interact with the endocrine system?

the endocrine system works with the respiratory system by making changes to your body for example when the parts in your respiratory system grow that is the growth hormones from your endocrine system working with your respiratory system.

How is sweat part of the immune system?

Sweat isn't so much part of the 'immune' system, as the 'defense' system.

Your body has three lines of defense

The first is the skin

The second is sweat, hair and white blood cells.

Sweat helps keep you cool, but when you get hotter, your skin pores open up more, and sweat on top of these prevents alot of airborne bacteria getting into your bloodstream via that.

If you wanted to know, the third is your bodies antibodies!

Which type of lymphocytes is formed in the bone marrow?

In many research projects performed, there were findings of 8.6 (+or-) 1.6 % of T lymphocytes found in the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool. There was also 15.4 (+ or -) 1.9 % of B lymphocytes found in the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool. There was a remarkable 74.6 (+ or -) 2.4 % of the total pool that had no special marks to identify it as a specific type of lymphocyte. The findings can not be explained nor were they tampered with.

What does a thymus Gland do in the immune system?

Thymus secreates one or more stimulatory factors collectively called thymic hormones most important being thymosine. Thymus is a site of differnetiation of T-cells of immune system and it also has Hassall's corpuscles which act as phagocytes. It increase the rate of cell division.

What is the functon of the immune system?

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells.
To create the condition of immunity, in which after the first attack by a micro organism the body is protected or becomes resistant to further invasions.

What are the four parts of the immune system?

The immune system is actually an estonishing array of structures and mechanisms designed to defend us from a wide variety of agents, including bacteria and viruses. The mechanisms can be grouped into two complementary systems. The first mobilizes an attack on invading microbes within hours. The second takes several days to respond but targets the invaders like a well-aimed arrow. This second system has a good memory, so that if a specific invader returns years later, this enemy will be met with a rapid response. The sysyem works so well that often you do not even realize that you have been infected and effectively defended. Microbes sneak in through our breath, our food, our urogenital tract, or breaks in our skin. When the immune system detects intruders, it sets in motion a cascade of reactions involving dozens of precisely designed proteins. Each component in this cascade activates the next to amplify the counterattack. Researchers have discovered that our state of mind can influence our immune system. Stress can weaken our immune system. (exerpt taken from a 2/14 Awake article A Biotechnologist Explains His Faith on Jehovah's Witnesses official website)

Does lymph have its own circulation?

Yes. There is some controversy as to how it moves, but most experts agree that skeletal muscle movement plays a major role in the movement of lymphatic fluid. The two main areas of lymph flow are from the right upper quadrant of the body into the right lymphatic duct which drains into the right subclavian vein. The rest of the body, including the legs flow into the thoracic duct which drains into the left subclavian vein.

Which cell produces antibodies in the immune system?

B cells produce antibodies. Specifically plasma cells (a type of B cells, which are meant to produce large quantities of B cells very quickly, and memory B cells, which are meant to last in your body for a long time so you can respond to the same kind infection more quickly the next time.