Mechanical Engineering

pelton turbines are suited to high head,low flow application but kaplan turbine are used for low head and a large amount of discharge needed.

kaplan turbines are expensive to design,manufacture and install as compared to pelton turbine but operate for decades.

generally, centrifugal pumps are high discharge, low pressure generating pumps. to increase the pressure generated it is setup in stages wherein pressure increases from one stage to an other.mostly seen in daily life applications such as pumps for water tankers. even emergency fire fighter vehicles use these type of pumps. these are called dynamic or non-positive displacement pumps.

In case of emergency, if the cylinder stops, the motor does not. So it can be harmful for motor. Designers couple the high power motor to the cylinder of pump by means of a clutch. so the motor can continue to rotate while the cylinder stops.

Also in case of closing the outlet valve of a pump, the pressure in the cylinder can fail the cylinder or crankshaft and accessories. in this case the clutch can separate the power from motor to the pump and prevent failure of pump.

The thermal conductivity of copper is 401 W·m−1·K−1 (watts per meter Kelvin). Which makes it one of the most conductive elements.

The dimensions and specifications of a steel girder can affect its weight. However, a steel girder typically weighs between 10 and 20 pounds per foot. As a result, the typical 20-foot steel girder might weigh between 200 and 400 pounds. It's important to remember that heavier, more specialized girders may be used. The specific engineering specifications or a structural engineer should be consulted for precise measurements.

There are actually many types of plate heat exchangers, and the YOJO brand has introduced brazed plate heat exchangers and gasket plate heat exchangers. Today is the home of brazed heat exchangers.

Brazed plate heat exchangers have no headers, tie rods or sealing gaskets, and the plates are brazed at a temperature of 1100 ° C. During the assembly stage, a piece of brazing material (usually copper, and nickel) is placed between the two plates, the package is compressed, and then baked for several hour.

BPHE is more compact and lighter, and the brazing material has the functions of both washer and frame. The intersection between the corrugations of the two coupling plates forms a dense network of contact points, which impart pressure tightness and generate vortex flow, thereby improving heat exchange. In this way, even at low nominal input speeds, the turbulence of the fluid is high, and for low flow rates, the fluid flows from laminar to turbulent.

the tensile strength, hardness and yield strength of steel depends on the amount of carbon in it. this is because amount of pearlite increases linearly with % of C in steel from 0-0.77%. Elongation (ductility) is caused by the ferrite in the steel which forms plastic deformation.

there are two ways of treating steel:

1) quenching- this is when red hot steel is rapidly cooled to R.T. this traps most of the carbon in the steel forming pearlite that makes it hard and brittle

2)Normalising- this is when red hot steel is cooled slowly to R.T and allows carbon to dislocate and form ferrite which makes it ductile. this is how mild steel is manufactured.

A cam is a rotating component used in a mechanism in order to transform a movement from a circular to a reciprocating motion. A crank performs the opposite action.

A common example of a cam mechanism is that found on a car engine where the camshaft translates the rotary motion of the engine into a reciprocating motion to operate the intake and exhaust valves on the engine cylinders.

Please see the related links for an example animation and more detailed explanation.

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Well this entirely depends on the "type" of glass you are talking about and whether its a sample or an artefact/material. as Youngs modulus = stress / stran..... where the ratio is constant. stress being sigma and strain being epsilon. If its just glass as in general (material) then its around 65 - 90 GPA . not MPA as GPA is for stiff materials. the justinator

All electrical relays consist of two circuits.

1.. A control circuit that utilizes a control voltage with a minimum current to

switch a

2.. Power circuit requiring much greater current.

The advantage of using this type of circuitry is that the switches or sensors that control large loads can be very small, {i.e. pilot switches, limit switches, sensors, etc.}, since they are the control switching device that can be capable of switching loads up to 600 amperes. This arrangement allows a very small wire size for controlling large loads.

Without the use of relays, switches that control larger loads would be very expensive and occupy much more space.

A diode characteristic curve is a curve that describes the characteristic of diode and it is normally based on experiment data.

The curve itself has two distinctly separate parts.One part lies in the first quadrant and it stands for the forward-biased situtation.It reflets the barrier voltage(meaning the smallest amount of voltage that can turn on the diode).For Germannium diode,the barrier voltage is 0.3V while silicon diode is 0.7V,but the real value differs according to the temperature and current flows through the diode.The other part lies in the third quadrant which indicates the reverse-biased situation,from which you can find out the leakage current(the current flow through before Breakdown Point).

Typcially, a diode characteristic curve varies from diode to diode.But theoretically speaking,we regard them as the same.

The abbreviations "MS" and "ME" can refer to different contexts and have different meanings. Here are two common interpretations:

1. MS as Master of Science and ME as Master of Engineering:

• Master of Science (MS): It is a postgraduate academic degree typically awarded in scientific or technical fields. It emphasizes research-based learning and involves a thesis or research project.

• Master of Engineering (ME): It is a professional degree focused on practical applications of engineering knowledge. It usually emphasizes coursework and practical skills rather than research.

2. MS as Multiple Sclerosis and ME as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis:

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): It is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. It can lead to various symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, coordination difficulties, and cognitive impairments.

• Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME): It is a complex chronic illness characterized by extreme fatigue, pain, cognitive difficulties, and other symptoms. It is also known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).

It's important to note that the abbreviations "MS" and "ME" can have other meanings in different contexts as well. The specific interpretation depends on the field or subject matter being discussed.

By : 1solutions.biz

A simple manual wire stripper is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters. The addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire. This type of wire stripper is used by rotating it around the insulation while applying pressure in order to make a cut around the insulation. Since the insulation is not bonded to the wire, it then pulls easily off the end. This is the most versatile type of wire stripper.

Another type of manual wire stripper is very similar to the simple design previously mentioned, except this type has several notches of varying size. This allows the user to match the notch size to the wire size, thereby eliminating the need for twisting. Once the device is clamped on, the remainder of the wire can simply be pulled out, leaving the insulation behind.

grade refers to composition and strength. Generally a higher Grade ( number or alphabet) is a stronger material. For example Grade C is stronger than Grade A Grade 8 bolt is stronger than grade 5 bolt.

how can i find the tonnage of mechanical press machine

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_an_analog_and_digital_control_system"

Venturimeter is the short pipe having two conical parts and portion of uniform cross section between these two parts.

A crane hook is the hook used on an operating crane. These heavy hooks are usually comprised out of steel material.

A C130H costs about 34 million.

The latest version, C-130J, costs $66 million. A long version of the J costs just under $100 million.

An AC130 will cost upwards of $132 million(H) -> $190 million(U)

The replacement of the C130 with the A400M may push prices down, but the C130 is a stable and reliable source so the prices will stay high.

bevel gears are used for power transmitting between the shafts which intersect at some angel ( usually right angel) , but the spur gear is used for shafts which are parallel and coplanar.

ASTM 1011 comes in many grades which determine the yield strength ie:1011 gr 42 would have a min yield of 42,000 psi