Mughal Empire

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humayun was thought to be the weakest mughal emperor:)

'Rahbar' was the name of Emperor Akbar's horse as mentioned in Aaine-e Akbari.

Rahbar meaning: Friend /companion of the road.

Kandahar was the border between the Mughal Empire and Persia. When Shah Abbas of Persia attacked Kandahar in 1622, Shah Jahan was appointed to lead the Kandahar expedition. But Shah Jahan refused to obey his father's orders and broke into revolt. As a result of this Kandahar was lost to the Mughals.

The emperor or sultans of the Mughal Empire came to power by murdering their own siblings, and taking the throne by force.

Hamayun has been criticised for not being a strong leader.He often allowed opponents to surrender instead of crushing them in battle but he seemed to have learnt his lesson.in 1549 he had finally managed to restore his control in all the lands that babur had won.but his success was short lived. Just one year later he tripped on his own robes on the steps of his library and fell to his death!

because he built many beautiful buildings and his monuments are very famous eg:tajmahal,redfort etc.

Shah Jahan was the grandson of Akbar.

The mughals became mughals beacuse they were descendants of the mongol emperor genghis khan. the mughals came to India/Pakistan/Afghanistan in 1526.

the mughals and mongols basically ruled all of Asia (Pakistan,India,Afghanistan,China and Iraq) The mughals religion was Muslim and so was the mongols leader Genghis khan.

The majority of MUGHALS after the existence of PAKISTAN called as SARDAR. After the time gone the SARDAR cast holding more divided into two catagaries "DULLI SARDAR" and "MALDIYAL SARDAR". they are the true MUGHALS after the existence of PAKISTAN.They are all from the first leader genghis khan.

BUT NOW THE MOST PEOPLES WHO ARE NOT MUGHALS CHEAT THE WORLD BY CALLED AS MUGHALS.

Yes

Mihr-un-nissa was the real name of Mughal Empress Nur Jahan. After her marriage with Jahangir, she was first given the title of Nur Mahal, which means light of the palace. In 1616, Jahangir gave her the title of Nur Jahan that means light of the world.

Aurangzeb was the great-grandson of Akbar. Akbar was a generous king and treated all religions equally. But Aurangzeb was a true Muslim. He revived Akbar's policies and re-imposed taxes on non-Muslims. Aurangzeb was the most cruel Mughal King while Akbar was the greatest ruler of the Mughal dynasty.

Nur Jahan was the wife of Emperor Jahangir. She built her father Itimad-ud-Daulah's tomb at Agra, also known as Baby Taj. Itimad-ud-Daulah was also the grandfather of Mumtaz Mahal.

mughals

other took a great benefit from the decline of the mughal empire especially the Persians and the europeans. they took all the wealth ,gold and jewls of the Mughals . The Portugese ,Dutch and France all established trading post in India

Shah Jahan built Old Delhi as his capital.

1. He introduced regulations dealing with matters such as the banning of the manufacture of drugs and wine, and the maintenance of public buildings.

2. Gold chain of justice which served as a link between the ruler and his people.

3. He extended the Mughal empire. Mughal control was established in Bengal.

4. In 1615 he signed a commercial treaty with the British . he did not realize that the fight between the Europeans and Gritish for control of trade with India would eventually lead to Mughal empire's decline.

Huge arched gateways, bulbous domes, gigantic hall rooms, and minarets are what we think of when we hear about Mughal architecture. The Mughal reign had greatly enhanced the architecture of India and gifted Indian architecture with mosques, mausoleums, and gardens. Almost all the rulers from the Mughal dynasty were great builders and they have manufactured magnificent monuments in India, which attract tourists not only from India but from different places across the globe. Mughal emperors had built fortress gardens that enhance the beauty of the buildings. Unlike his predecessor, Akbar built a riverfront garden which influenced Mughal garden architecture by his successors. The patterns of Mughal gardens were highly influenced by the Persian style of architecture with pools, fountains, and canals inside the gardens. Agra Fort, Humayun Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Taj Mahal,  Shalimar Gardens, Shah Jahan Mosque, Badshahi Masjid. are some of the popular monuments of the Mughal empire in the Indian subcontinent

Taj Mahal Enduring Mughal Monuments like Taj Mahal still stands in all its beauty and finesse. The white marble mausoleum, Taj Mahal, is one of the seven wonders of the world and was constructed during the zenith of the Mughal dynasty by Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan built this wondrous monument to dedicate the love and beauty of his dearest wife Mumtaz Mahal and to make her name immortal. The mausoleum is considered as a symbol of love. The monument stands on the right bank of river Yamuna from where it flows eastwards and spreads across an area of 42 acres with the terrain sloping from north to south. The beauty of the Taj Mahal is amplified manifold by the Taj Mahal garden which is like the Paradise garden mentioned in the Holy Quran. The garden starts from the end of the main gate and covers an area of 300 meters and ends near the base of the mausoleum. Four is considered as the holiest number in Islam and so the entire garden is divided into four parts. Two marble canals with fountains cross the center of the garden and there are 16 flowerbeds that are divided by the stone-paved raised pathways.

Qutub Minar Qutub-ud-din Aibak started the construction of this monument in 1192 and his successors Iltutmish and Firoz Shah Tughlaq completed the construction. The Minar is world heritage site in Delhi. Though not built by the Mughals, it is a great example of Mughal architecture. The great masterpiece is 72.5 meters high and the base measures 14.32 meters and the top structure measures 2.75 meters. The iron pillar in the Qutub Minar draws interest of many tourists. It is believed that if one stands with his back on the pillar and can encircle it with his arm then his wishes will be fulfilled. This monument is an exquisite example of Indo-Islamic Mughal architecture and is famous tourist place in Delhi.

Jama Masjid The mosque stands across the road in front of the Red Fort and it is the largest mosque in India. The mosque was built by the emperor who had built the magnificent Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan. This mosque is believed to be the last architectural work during the reign of Shah Jahan. Almost 5000 artisans built the mosque with red sandstone and marble. The Jama Masjid has four towers, two minarets, and three gateways. The Mosque has detailed carvings and the holy Koran is scribbled on its wall. The Masjid also has a collection of many things such as the holy Koran written on deerskin, Mohammad’s relics, the prophet’s red beared-hair, His footprints implanted in a marble block.

Red Fort Red Fort or Lal Qila is another monument of Mughal period. It served as the capital of Mughal dynasty during the rule of Emperor Shah Jahan. The fort conceived its name from the 33 meter high gigantic walls of red sandstone. There are two gates of the Red Fort viz. Lahori Gate and Delhi Gate. The Red Fort is a treasure trove of many beautiful buildings such as Diwan-i-Aam or the Hall of Public Audiences, Diwan-i-Khas or the Hall of Private Audiences, and Rang Mahal or the Palace of Colors. Emperor Shah Jahan used to hear complains of common people in the Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, as the name suggests, was for his private guests. The Rang Mahal was used to be the palace of wives and mistresses of the emperor. The chief attraction of the Rang Mahal is a lotus-shaped fountain carved out of a single marble. The other attractions of the Red Fort are Moti Masjid or the Pearl Mosque; Shahi Burji, the private working area of emperor Shah Jahan; and hammams or the royal baths. The Red Fort now stands as a reminder of the magnificence and affluence of the Mughal dynasty.

The fifth Emperor of India built the Red Fort in Delhi, India, in 1639.

In some areas the zamindars exercised a great deal of power. The exploitation by Mughal administrators could drive them to rebellion. Sometimes zamindars and peasants of the same caste allied in rebelling against Mughal authority. These peasant revolts challenged thestability of the Mughal Empire from the end of the

seventeenth century.

Earlier to latest. Odyssey Ware.

1.Babur

2.Humayum

3.Akbar

4.Jahangir

5.Shah Jahan

6.Aurangzeb

greed for land and money

Pre-Colonial India

A) Government: In the early sixteenth century, India was invaded by Zahir-ud-Din Babur, leader of the Mughals. These descendants of the Mongals, led by Babur then steered a short empire which was based in the city of Samarkand. His son Humayun then took control of Delhi in 1555. Later on, Humayun's son Jalal-ud-Din Akbar then took over his position. (IndianChildTeam, 1995) This Mughal dynasty controlled India from the 16 hundreds to early 17 hundreds.

B) Economic development: The Mughal economy functioned on an elaborate system of coined currency, land revenue and trade. (Wikipedia, 2010) Trade was an extensive part of India economy during it Mughal era, over time, traders organized themselves into associations which received state patronage. (Wikipedia, 2010). The political system resulted from an administration developed by the Mughals, also sculpted by a well-developed. This assured the India was unified economically, despite having a traditional agrarian economy and a lack of technology.

C) Social development: This Pre colonization period was a mark for a vast period of social change in India. The majority of the Hindu population was continuously repressed by their Mughal emperors. (Wikipedia, 2010)These emperors showed religious lenience as they liberally patronized Hindu beliefs. Some Mughal emperors tried to create good ties with the Hindu population but these ties were feeble. The later emperor Aurangazeb tried to make India a country of Muslim dominance. Temples were destroyed and non-Muslims were overly taxed. (Wikipedia, 2010)

D) Cultural patterns: the Mughals were often known to use brutal tactics to conquer their new found empires, but with India they had a rather different approach, they had policy's to integrate their culture with that of the Indians, this approach succeeded in some areas which had failed before, like with the short-lived sultans of Delhi. Some of the more "India friendly" emperors such as Akbar the great were very fond of this idea, and it was put into immediate action. (Wikipedia, History of India, 2011) He brought back the Hindu text, the jizya, in which had been banned during the area of Hindu repression. Many emperors married local Indian royalty and allied themselves with Indian maharajas in an attempt to bring together their Turko-Persian cultures with that of ancient Indian culture. The reminiscence of this fuse can be seen today with Indo-saracenic architecture (Wikipedia, History of India, 2011).

The Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol because Mongol ruler Genghis Khan's memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.

Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry because their great ancestor Timur had captured Delhi in 1398.