Nuclear Fission

No, lithium does not form from nuclear fission. Lithium is created in stars through nuclear fusion processes. In nuclear fission, heavy atomic nuclei split into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process.

Uranium spontaneously decays, producing (primarily) alpha and (some) neutrons. With the control rods fully inserted, these neutrons are absorbed and not used. Although some neutrons do go on to cause other atoms to decay, there are not enough to sustain a reaction, what we call a criticality.

To start the reactor up we pull control rods, which increases reactivity. Neutrons are now more free to interact with other atoms of uranium, and the reaction rate increases. We adjust rods (and other things such as water pressure and temperature) and trim reactivity to the desired level, creating criticality in a controlled fashion.

A new core, one that has never been critical, has far fewer spontaneous neutrons flying around. It is still possible to pull rods and go critical, but it will take much longer, and it will be effectively unmonitored because of the low neutron flux. This is dangerous because, by the time criticality starts, you won't be able to trim it up smoothly, and the risk of super-criticality is high.

To avert this, new cores are seeded with neutron sources, usually antimony and beryllium. This creates a higher starting point of neutron flux, and places the in-core instrumentation on-scale, making it far easier to see when criticality is approaching.

this actually really funny because im looking for the same answer but i believe that the answer is a chemical activity is undergoing a chemical change while radioactivity is emission of radition

Splitting heavy atoms, such as uranium or plutonium, into smaller nuclei is known as fission. This process releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat and gamma radiation, often used in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs.

Yes, it is the main moderator function in what is called "thermal nuclear reactors"

It is not true that:

Carbon dioxide is produced during nuclear reactor operation or during nuclear fission.

Something which may happen in the future, at present it is only an experimental equipment which absorbs more energy than it produces. The most promising type is the tokamak, which you can look up in Wikipedia.

We don't really know very much about dark matter, so most of its properties (like how it feels) are not known.

Through the conversion of mass to energy.

One large nucleus, typically uranium, undergoes fission and releases several neutrons along with the major fission products. These neutrons strike more uranium atoms and are absorbed by the nucleus causing it to become unstable. It undergoes fission releasing more neutrons and more fission products. These neutrons strike more uranium atoms etc.

In the nucleus the forces between nucleons (protons and neutrons) are determined by the strong nuclear force which only operates at very short range but is much stronger than the electrostatic force which would otherwise repel protons from each other. Neutrons entering the nucleus and causing fission are not charged and therefore not affected by electrostatic charges. The electrons around the nucleus play no part in fission. So electrical forces are not relevant to causing or maintaining fission.

A two smaller, more stable nuclei

It can and does in a reactor. Nothing special.

However reactors usually require periodic refueling and maintenance, which may require short shutdowns or at least reduced operating power for these activities.

Nuclear power plants are capital intensive power plants and hence it is more economic to operate them at high capacity factors (or as base load plants)

Fission is started in nuclear power plants by withdrawing the control rods. The rods are pulled in groups beginning around the perimeter of the reactor. These are extracted and pulled all the way out. The reactor design permits this to happen without starting the reactor up. Then the middle rods are pulled. These actually permit the reactor to start up. The rods being pulled last are the "control group" because they are going to set up the operating conditions. Rods pulled to control the reactor, those in the middle, permit a more uniform burn of the fuel. If it was done differently, the fuel in the middle would burn more quickly. And the fuel around the perimeter would not be used as efficiently. Here's the scoop. The control rods are a neutron absorbing material. They have to be because they must be able to absorb neutrons to control or shut down the reactor. Boron works really well because 1) boron has a fairly high neutron absorption cross section (it is a good or "big" target for a neutron), and 2) as boron is transmuted by neutron absorption, it (usually) becomes another boron isotope, and boron's isotopes all have good neutron absorption cross sections so they all continue to be pretty good neutron absorbers. The rods are pulled to a point where there is not enough of them in the reactor to absorb the neutrons that are spontaneously being generated by the fuel. (It always generates a few neutrons. Always. And that's the hinge for critical mass.) So the rods are pulled and the effective critical mass is reached and the chain begins. Monitoring instruments pick up the increase in neutron flux. Operators know the chain has begun and is building. Then by gradually heating things up and incrementally pulling the rods a bit more, the plant is brought to operating temperature and is able to provide heat to generate steam in a secondary system. The secondary system is gradually heated by bleeding steam when things in the primary are heated up. That way the secondary system can be brought on line efficiently and power production can begin. There are more subtle aspects to reactor operations, but this is a good start on a path to understand the workings of the reactor.

Neither. Naturally occuring carbon-14 undergoes beta decay, releases electron, one of the neutrons transmutate into proton and viola - you have nitrogen-14, stable atom. (That can be irradiated by cosmic rays, undergoes transmutation which makes carbon-14 again...)

Energy

Energy is released during fusion and fission.

Mass. When you split a large atom (fission) into parts the mass of the parts is less then the original atom. The "lost" mass comes out as energy. When you combine two small atoms into a larger atom (fusion) , the larger atom has less mass then the two original atoms and the "lost" mass comes out as energy.

After the natives were convinced to move out, it was a secure area for nuclear testing. Access to the islands were controlled to hide government secrets and it was far from populated areas.

Originally it was George Westinghouses' idea, but he hired Volta to construct it. It was Pearl Street Power Station. It was started on September 4, 1882, In NYC. About 85 people had enough energy to light 5000 lamps. They were billed $5 per kilowatt hour, but now we pay 9cents per kilowatt hour. $5 is our time money.

The reaction chamber in a nuclear reactor is where the nuclear fission process takes place, leading to the release of energy. It contains the nuclear fuel and control rods that regulate the reaction. The purpose of the reaction chamber is to sustain and control the nuclear chain reaction that generates heat to produce electricity in a controlled manner.

Nuclear power has both advantages and disadvantages. It can provide large amounts of clean energy, but there are concerns about safety, waste disposal, and the potential for nuclear accidents. It is important to carefully consider the benefits and risks when evaluating nuclear power as an energy source.

Many pressurized water reactors use "regular" water (light water) as a primay coolant. That means that "only heavy water" is not a rule as regards reactor design. Reactor design specifies the coolant to be used.

Directly, no. Once fissioned the plutonium is gone (it has transformed to other lighter elements).

However indirectly using a breeder reactor, yes. A plutonium fueled breeder reactor with a uranium breeding blanket will produce more plutonium (from uranium-238) than it consumes. This breeder reactor can at the same time be generating electricity like any other power reactor.