Oscars

A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game or television program. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A play for television is also known as a teleplay.

Format and style

The format is then structured in a way that one page usually equates to one minute of screen time. In a "shooting script", each scene is numbered, and technical direction may be given. In a "spec" or a "draft" in various stages of development, the scenes are not numbered, and technical direction is at a minimum. The standard font for a screenplay is 12 point, 10 pitch Courier Typeface[citation needed].

The major components are action and dialogue. The "action" is written in the present tense. The "dialogue" are the lines the characters speak. Unique to the screenplay (as opposed to a stage play) is the use of slug lines.

The format consists of three aspects:

1. The interplay between typeface/font, line spacing and type area, from which the standard of one page of text per one minute of screen time is derived. In the United States letter size paper and Courier 12 point are mandatory; Europe uniformly uses A4 as the standard paper size format, and has no uniform font requirement.

2. The tab settings of the scene elements (dialogue, scenes headings, transitions, parentheticals, etc.), which constitute the screenplay's layout.

3. The dialogue must be centered and the names must be capitalized. A script usually begins with "FADE IN:", followed by the first scene description. It might get more specific, e.g. "FADE IN ON AN ECU of Ricky as he explains the divorce to Bob." A script will usually end with "FADE TO BLACK", though there are variables, like "CUT TO BLACK" for abrupt endings.

The style consists of a grammar that is specific to screenplays. This grammar also consists of two aspects:

1. A prose that is manifestation-oriented, i.e. focuses largely on what is audible and what is visible on screen. This prose may only supply interpretations and explanation (deviate from the manifestation-oriented prose) if clarity would otherwise be adversely affected.

2. Codified notation of certain technical or dramatic elements, such as scene transitions, changes in narrative perspective, sound effects, emphasis of dramatically relevant objects and characters speaking from outside a scene.

Types

In cinematography, there are several types of screenplays:

• A literary screenplay is a screenplay written in the same language that is used in fiction. This type of screenplay is not always an adaptation of a literary work; it may well be an original work in its own right.

• A publicistic screenplay, in contrast to a literary screenplay, is written in the "broken" language used in newspaper articles and does not contain the aesthetic component found in the literary and artistic styles.

Screenplays can be both original and derivative.

• An original screenplay is written as an independent work of art, featuring an original plot and original protagonists.

• A derivative screenplay is an adaptation of an existing literary work for the screen.

• A director's screenplay is a screenplay, the descriptive part of which is numbered or has the boundaries between shots indicated on it (wide shot, close-up shot, etc.).

• An explication is a plan for the production of a motion picture, including the filming techniques and methods and a complete list of the filming equipment that is necessary in order to implement the creative concept. There are two types of explication: a director's explication and a cameraman's explication (however, the latter is not classified as a separate category of screenplay). Explications are often mistaken as synopses, but on closer inspection one sees that they have nothing whatsoever in common. A synopsis is an outline of the plot of a movie, as set out in the screenplay, described in a succinct and entertaining manner. A synopsis is usually no more than several pages in length.

The descriptive part of a screenplay can be either poetic or prosaic. In this regard, screenplays can be divided into those that are poetic and those that are prosaic.

A poetic screenplay is a literary and dramatic work whose descriptive part is divided into rhythmically commensurable segments, or poems. This remarkable feature makes the poetic screenplay very distinct from the other types of screenplays, endowing it with a special form of artistic expression.

• In a prosaic screenplay, the descriptive part is prosaic.

We can now identify the three main features of the poetic screenplay:

• Figurativeness - colourful expressiveness of portrayal that is only found in poetry. The main method of making words figurative is to use them in a figurative sense. At this point it is worth mentioning the particular means of artistic expression - tropes (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole, and litotes) and figures of speech (simile, epithet and oxymoron) that are used in poetic works.

• Succinctness - brevity and conciseness of narration. In the poetic screenplay, the characters' environment, appearance and actions are described in a relatively concise form, using as few words as possible. However, this specific feature does not prevent the author from creating a precise and harmonious work that can convey the main objectives of his/her creative concept to the reader.

• The extraordinary dynamism of the action. In the poetic screenplay, events unfold very quickly - just as they do in modern life, when a moment's delay may result in missing a train. It is perhaps this particular feature that determined the emergence of the poetic script as a genre that can coexist with the new trends in modern life, the needs of today's world, and the frantic pace of life.

The poetic screenplay genre was created by Alexey Snezhin in 2011.

Spec screenplay

A 'spec' or speculative screenplay is a script written to be sold on the open market with no upfront payment, or promise of payment. The content is usually invented solely by the screenwriter, though spec screenplays can also be based on established works, or real people and events.[1]

Commissioned screenplay

A commissioned screenplay is written by a hired writer. The concept is usually developed long before the screenwriter is brought on, and often has multiple writers work on it before the script is given a green-light.[2]

Screenwriting software

Main article: Screenwriting software

Detailed computer programs are designed specifically to format screenplays, teleplays and stage plays. Celtx, DreamaScript, Fade In, Final Draft, FiveSprockets, Montage, Movie Magic Screenwriter, Movie Outline 3.0, and Scrivener are several such programs. Software is also available as web applications, accessible from any computer, and on mobile devices.

References

1. "Spec Script". Act Four Screenplays. Retrieved August 10, 2012.

2. "The Script Department". Creative Skillset or Spec for speculative. Retrieved August 10, 2012.

3. The Poetic Screenplay. A collection of articles / Edited by A. I. Snezhin. M.: Angel, 2012.

External links

• American Screenwriters Association

• Screenplays on the Open Directory Project

(From Wikipedia

Clark Gable won one (1) Academy Award (Oscar).

• Nominated Oscar Best Actor in a Leading Role for: Gone with the Wind (1939)
• Nominated Oscar Best Actor in a Leading Role for: Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
• Won Oscar Best Actor in a Leading Role for: It Happened One Night (1934) In 1996, Steven Spielberg anonymously purchased Clark Gable's Oscar to protect it from further commercial exploitation, gave it back to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, commenting that he could think of "no better sanctuary for Gable's only Oscar than the Motion Picture Academy".

Rebecca (1940) won two Academy Awards (Oscars).

1. Best Cinematography, Black-and-White - George Barnes
2. Best Picture

Also nominated for

• Best Actor in a Leading Role - Laurence Olivier
• Best Actress in a Leading Role - Joan Fontaine
• Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Judith Anderson
• Best Art Direction, Black-and-White - Lyle R. Wheeler
• Best Director - Alfred Hitchcock
• Best Effects, Special Effects - Jack Cosgrove (photographic) and Arthur Johns (sound)
• Best Film Editing - Hal C. Kern
• Best Music, Original Score - Franz Waxman
• Best Writing, Screenplay - Robert E. Sherwood and Joan Harrison

Nominated for the Academy Award for, "Best Male Actor," for 1950 are:

Humphrey Bogart, in The African Queen

Marlon Brando, in A Streetcar Named Desire

Montgomery Clift, in A Place in the Sun

Arthur Kennedy, in Bright Valley

Frederic March, in Death of a Salesman

THE WINNER IS: Humphrey Bogart, in The African Queen

I think you mean Hannibal Rising (2007)?

Thomas Harris published four novels that feature the Hannibal Lecter character. First was Red Dragon (1981), and the first movie based on it, Manhunter (1986). In Manhunter, the Hannibal Lecter character is played by Brian Cox, not Anthony Hopkins. The second movie that was based on Red Dragon(which is also titled Red Dragon) came out in 2002. Red Dragon (2002) stars Edward Norton, and Anthony Hopkins plays Hannibal Lecter.

Harris published the Silence of the Lambs in 1988. The movie came out in 1991. Then came Hannibal the novel (1999) and Hannibal the movie (2001). Hannibal Rising, the novel, came out in 2006, and Hannibal Rising the movie came out the next year (2007).

Many - lots and lots of Brits people have won Oscar awards.

Best Director winners from the United Kingdom:

1. Richard Attenborough,
2. Danny Boyle,
3. David Lean,
4. Sam Mendes,
5. Anthony Minghella,
6. Carol Reed,
7. Tony Richardson, and
8. John Schlesinger

Best Actor winners from the United Kingdom:

1. George Arliss,
2. Kenneth Branagh,
3. Michael Caine,
4. Ronald Colman,
5. Daniel Day-Lewis,
6. Robert Donat,
7. Ralph Fiennes,
8. Colin Firth,
9. Alec Guinness,
10. Rex Harrison,
11. Nigel Hawthorne,
12. Anthony Hopkins,
13. Jeremy Irons,
14. Ben Kingsley,
15. Charles Laughton,
16. Jude Law,
17. Ian McKellen,
18. Victor McLaglen,
19. Ray Milland,
20. David Niven,
21. Laurence Olivier,
22. Paul Scofield,
23. Richard Todd,
24. Tom Wilkinson

Best Actress winners from the United Kingdom:

1. Vivien Leigh,
2. Joan Fontaine,
3. Greer Garson,
4. Olivia de Havilland,
5. Audrey Hepburn,
6. Elizabeth Taylor,
7. Julie Andrews,
8. Julie Christie,
9. Maggie Smith,
10. Glenda Jackson,
11. Jessica Tandy,
12. Emma Thompson,
13. Helen Mirren,
14. Kate Winslet

Best Supporting Actor winners from the United Kingdom:

1. Jim Broadbent,
2. Michael Caine,
3. Sean Connery,
4. Donald Crisp,
5. John Gielgud,
6. Hugh Griffith,
7. Edmund Gwenn,
8. John Mills,
9. George Sanders, and
10. Peter Ustinov

Best Supporting Actress winners from the United Kingdom:

1. Peggy Ashcroft,
2. Judi Dench,
3. Wendy Hiller,
4. Vanessa Redgrave,
5. Margaret Rutherford,
6. Maggie Smith,
7. Tilda Swinton,
8. Rachel Weisz, and
9. Catherine Zeta-Jones

AwardsWinsNominationsNational Film Awards44Kerala State Film Awards99Filmfare Awards South98IIFA Awards11Star Screen Awards11Asianet Film Awards88Annual Malayalam Movie Awards(Dubai)23Kerala Film Critics Awards7NilVanitha Film Awards5NilOther Awards38Nil

Mohanlal has won a number of awards please see table.