Particle Physics

Protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles found in the center of the atom, known as the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge (they are neutral).

The nucleus which includes the protons and neutrons, and the electron cloud which contains the electrons. If you want to get into true quantum mechanics, then there are the quarks, the leptons, the bosons, gluons, etc.

Yes, but an electron configuration could be that of an ion. The identification of an element depends on the number of protons in its nucleus, so only when the species is also neutral can the electron configuration be used to identify it.

Examples 1s2 2s2 2p6 is the electron configuration of Neon but also of F-. Take the superscripts and add them together to get the atomic number and if neutral must be Neon but if negative is that of F-

The magnitude of the electric charge on the proton can be seen as an assigned (or a derived) value, notated as +1 where the "+" is the sign on the charge, and "1" the value or magnitude. Electric charge in general reflects quantization - that charge exists in discrete units known as the elementary charge, "e", taken to be the charge on the electron (whose magnitude is the same but sign ("-") is opposite that of the proton). The value in practical units (Coulomb) is about 1.602 x 10^-19 Coulomb. Charge answers to a quantum number which notably is preserved in particle interactions. The nature of charge can be shown in how charged particles such as protons react to the fundamental forces; in the case of electric charge the force of interest would be the electromagnetic force. In this sense its nature could be defined by how it reacts when placed in an electromagnetic field.

Since the proton is a composite particle made of up smaller charged particles which contribute to its overall charge, a full exploration of the nature of electric charge would include an understanding of its three component quarks, which are assigned fractional units of elementary charge, and the sum of the combined fractional charges (+2/3, +2/3, -1/3) equals +1 for the proton.

Note that charge in another sense (color charge, relating to a different fundamental force) is evident for protons; a fuller exploration of the subject is the area of quantum chromodynamics.

A carbon atom can participate in both losing and gaining electrons, but it typically likes to share electrons by forming covalent bonds with other atoms. Carbon can form a variety of compounds through these covalent bonds, which allow for a diverse range of chemical reactions and structures.

When atoms in a compound share electrons, it is called covalent bonding. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. This type of bond is typical in nonmetallic elements.

Yes, neutrons are bigger than quarks; it takes three quarks to make a neutron, and the whole is larger than the components. Based on the current understanding of the force between the quarks, we also have an idea of how far apart they are within the neutron.

Electron microscopes were invented to overcome the limitations of light microscopes, which have a limited resolution due to the wavelength of visible light. Electron microscopes use a focused beam of electrons to achieve much higher magnification and resolution, allowing scientists to see smaller details in samples such as cells, bacteria, and structures at the atomic level. This has revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world and has applications in various fields such as biology, materials science, and nanotechnology.

How many neutrons are in A1?

Look at a periodic table. Al is number 13, which means it has its nucleus ha 13 protons. The number 27 means it has a total of 27 particles in the nucleus. Do a little subtraction and you will discover Al's nucleus has 14 neutrons.

13 + 14 = 27.!!

The question is worded a little strangely, but if the alternate wording is correct I can answer.

Calcium 45 has 20 Protons (like all calcium isotopes) and 25 Neutrons. That makes 65 up quarks and 70 down quarks.

Electrons may vary with ionization, but will typically be 20.

An antiquark is a subatomic particle that is the antiparticle of a quark. When a quark and an antiquark come together, they can combine to form mesons or baryons, which are composite particles such as protons and neutrons. Antiquarks have the same mass as quarks but opposite electric charge and other quantum numbers.

Chirality of a fermion is determined by the interaction with the Higgs field. In the Standard Model, the Higgs mechanism is responsible for giving mass to fermions and changing their chirality. Flavor-changing interactions, such as weak interactions, can also potentially change the chirality of fermions.

Atomic Mass units

Using electric fields. But velocity is increased step by step. In case of linear accelerator successive alternating right polarity accelerates to a higher uniform speed and it travels through proportionate lengthy tunnels. In case of cyclotron both electric (alternating) and intense magnetic field are used to increase the speed step by step.

Neutron is bigger than a quark. A neutron is a composite particle made up of three quarks, while a quark is a fundamental particle that makes up protons and neutrons.

Like all sub-atomic particles, quarks do not have a radius in any meaningful sense. In other words, they are NOT like ball bearings for which you can say, "At this distance from the center of the quark, you are inside the particle, while further out you are no longer inside the quark." At the level of a quark, to speak of its size is to discuss a property with no meaning.

Quarks do have mass, but they contribute very little mass to the particles that are made up of quarks. Most of that comes from gluons.

Weak interactions are interactions between subatomic particles that are mediated by the weak nuclear force. The first such interaction discovered was Beta Decay in radioactivity, where a neutron decayed into a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. The weak force is mediated by the W+, W-, and Z intermediate vector bosons being transferred between quarks.

Particle collision usually refers to two subatomic particles slamming into each other at high speeds causing them to break into smaller particles. These speeds are created by particle accelerators.

Not exactly. An electron is an actual physical particle with a negative charge. An electron cloud is (generally) a spherical area around the nucleus of an atom that predicts where the electrons might be located.

indium has 49 protons, not electrons. strontium: group 2 peiod 5 is the closest

Indium has 49 electrons

To find the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the atomic mass number (rounded to the nearest whole number). The atomic mass is generally provided in the periodic table or can be calculated as the sum of protons and neutrons.

In a way, string theory is like a religion. You can't really "see" strings, but you know it makes sense because it affects things around it. It's either totally correct or totally wrong. *same with black holes*

They are so small they can go straight through. Heres why:

Atoms are spinning so fast that they look solid. Picture a fan, the blades - when still -have large spaces between them. Your hand could easily pass through. But if the blades were spinning, your hand would be cut off.

This is similar with atoms, where the electrons are spinning so fast that it feels solid. Neutrinos are so small that they can pass through these gaps, when our hands are to big to fit through and matter appears to be solid.

Thus at the macro level it is solid, but at a subatomic level you are walking through air.

A Mg2+ ion has lost two electrons compared to the neutral magnesium atom. As a result, it has 10 electrons.

In the quantity of the electrical charge, the electron and the proton contain equal but opposite charges. In terms of mass, the proton is about equal in mass to 1876 electrons.