Particle Physics

The question is worded a little strangely, but if the alternate wording is correct I can answer.

Calcium 45 has 20 Protons (like all calcium isotopes) and 25 Neutrons. That makes 65 up quarks and 70 down quarks.

Electrons may vary with ionization, but will typically be 20.

An antiquark is a subatomic particle that is the antiparticle of a quark. When a quark and an antiquark come together, they can combine to form mesons or baryons, which are composite particles such as protons and neutrons. Antiquarks have the same mass as quarks but opposite electric charge and other quantum numbers.

Chirality of a fermion is determined by the interaction with the Higgs field. In the Standard Model, the Higgs mechanism is responsible for giving mass to fermions and changing their chirality. Flavor-changing interactions, such as weak interactions, can also potentially change the chirality of fermions.

Atomic Mass units

Using electric fields. But velocity is increased step by step. In case of linear accelerator successive alternating right polarity accelerates to a higher uniform speed and it travels through proportionate lengthy tunnels. In case of cyclotron both electric (alternating) and intense magnetic field are used to increase the speed step by step.

Neutron is bigger than a quark. A neutron is a composite particle made up of three quarks, while a quark is a fundamental particle that makes up protons and neutrons.

Like all sub-atomic particles, quarks do not have a radius in any meaningful sense. In other words, they are NOT like ball bearings for which you can say, "At this distance from the center of the quark, you are inside the particle, while further out you are no longer inside the quark." At the level of a quark, to speak of its size is to discuss a property with no meaning.

Quarks do have mass, but they contribute very little mass to the particles that are made up of quarks. Most of that comes from gluons.

Weak interactions are interactions between subatomic particles that are mediated by the weak nuclear force. The first such interaction discovered was Beta Decay in radioactivity, where a neutron decayed into a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. The weak force is mediated by the W+, W-, and Z intermediate vector bosons being transferred between quarks.

Particle collision usually refers to two subatomic particles slamming into each other at high speeds causing them to break into smaller particles. These speeds are created by particle accelerators.

Not exactly. An electron is an actual physical particle with a negative charge. An electron cloud is (generally) a spherical area around the nucleus of an atom that predicts where the electrons might be located.

indium has 49 protons, not electrons. strontium: group 2 peiod 5 is the closest

Indium has 49 electrons

To find the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the atomic mass number (rounded to the nearest whole number). The atomic mass is generally provided in the periodic table or can be calculated as the sum of protons and neutrons.

In a way, string theory is like a religion. You can't really "see" strings, but you know it makes sense because it affects things around it. It's either totally correct or totally wrong. *same with black holes*

They are so small they can go straight through. Heres why:

Atoms are spinning so fast that they look solid. Picture a fan, the blades - when still -have large spaces between them. Your hand could easily pass through. But if the blades were spinning, your hand would be cut off.

This is similar with atoms, where the electrons are spinning so fast that it feels solid. Neutrinos are so small that they can pass through these gaps, when our hands are to big to fit through and matter appears to be solid.

Thus at the macro level it is solid, but at a subatomic level you are walking through air.

A Mg2+ ion has lost two electrons compared to the neutral magnesium atom. As a result, it has 10 electrons.

In the quantity of the electrical charge, the electron and the proton contain equal but opposite charges. In terms of mass, the proton is about equal in mass to 1876 electrons.

When a particle of matter meets a particle of antimatter, they annihilate each other, releasing a burst of energy in the form of gamma rays. This process converts their combined mass into pure energy, following Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2.

Neutrinos were first postulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain the missing energy and momentum in beta decay. They were experimentally confirmed by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956 through the detection of electron antineutrinos produced in a nuclear reactor.

A proton has a charge of +1 elementary charges. Whether you consider this "high" or "low" depends what you compare it with; it is certainly a small amount, compared to the units you deal with in everyday life, and compared to the derive SI unit for electrical charge (the coulomb).

The neutron is located in the nucleus along with the protons. Getting a neutron is easy. They're in every atom of every element except hydrogen, which only rarely has one (or even more rarely two) stuck to the proton in its nucleus. To get a neutron, one can wait around for a certain type of nuclear decay wherein one will be released. There are a number of isotopes which have neutron release as a (possible) decay scheme. Also, one could bombard different atoms with different ions and cause the release of a neutron or two. And there is always the spontaneous fission reaction of U235 or P239 which will kick out a neutron or three. But what are you going to do with it? In any mode of exit from an atom, 0n1 comes out very fast (with a lot of kinetic energy). It is penetrating radiation and is very dangerous. Neutrons really don't react with anything much other than atomic nuclei, which they slam into. This releases tremendous energy that can damage living tissue big time. And whether a neutron slows down (with the conversion of much of its kinetic energy into radiation that does severe tissue damage) or not, in the end, if it isn't absorbed by something (thereby activating it and making it radioactive), it spontaneously decays with a half life of about 15 minutes resulting in more radiation damage. Getting neutrons is something that should be done only with the greatest consideration.

The nucleus is the center of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons, while inner electrons are found in specific energy levels surrounding the nucleus. The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass and carries a positive charge due to the protons, while the inner electrons contribute to the atom's stability and participate in chemical reactions.

The chameleon particle is a theoretical particle which has not been proven to exist, and that may be a candidate for the elusive dark matter. The name relates to the concept that its mass can vary (at non-relativistic speeds, the mass of particles is usually fixed) and the idea that despite its non-visibility it may change and be subject to or interact within constraints of electromagnetic force. It would theoretically have no charge nor spin, interact over large distances, and couple to ordinary matter with a strength even less than that of gravity.

Electricity can flow due to the movement of ANY charged particle. A current in metals is due to the movement of electrons, and this is the most common case for a current. However, a current can also be carried by holes, by positive or negative ions, etc.

A boron atom has 5 electrons in its electron cloud. Boron has an atomic number of 5, meaning it has 5 protons and normally 5 electrons to balance the positive charge of the protons.

Noble gases, like helium, neon, and argon, have no unpaired electrons in their ground state electron configuration. This means that all of their electrons are paired up in orbitals.