0
Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
How much energy is released if 10 kg of matter annihilate 10kg of antimatter?
The amount of energy released from matter-antimatter annihilation is given by E=mc^2, where m is the mass that was annihilated. In this case, 10 kg of matter annihilating 10 kg of antimatter would release energy equivalent to 1.8 x 10^18 joules, based on the equation E=10 kg x (3 x 10^8 m/s)^2.
In it's most stable form, 55 is its atomic mass.
55 overall - 25 protons = 30 neutrons
Which subatomic particle is involved in chemical bonds?
Electrons are either transferred between atoms to form ionic bonds or shared between atoms to form covalent bonds. Either way, bonds are formed through electrons.
In an ionic compound does one or more atoms lose electrons and one or more atoms gain?
In an ionic compound, one or more atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions (cations), while one or more atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions (anions). These oppositely charged ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces to form the ionic compound.
How are electron microscopes different from light microscopes?
An electron microscope can produce greater magnification, and thereby make smaller objects visible, than a light microscope can.
Short Answer:
Light microscopes can typically resolve structures to a fraction of a micron compared to electron microscopes which in practice achieve resolutions of a few nanometers. Practically, electron microscope can have almost a thousand times greater resolution than an optical microscope.
The useful magnification of an electron microscope is also in the range of a thousand times greater than an optical microscope.
The actual performance of any microscope depends on its design and lensing system and so significant variation exists in the above practical characteristics and performance of both types of microscopes can be enhanced in various ways.
Long Answer:
An electron microscope uses an electron beam to illuminate a specimen and produce the image.
An optical or light microscope uses a light beam to illuminate a specimen and produce the image.
A microscope of either type is characterized by its magnification and resolving power. The magnification depends on the lensing system and can be increased to any degree, but the maximum useful magnification is limited by the resolving power.
The resolving power of a microscope can not be better than the limits placed on it by the size of the wavelength of the illuminating beam. The smaller the wavelength, the smaller the structures that can be resolved in them image.
Visible wavelengths of light are a few hundred nanometers. An electron microscope operates with electrons accelerated to a few hundred thousand electron volts of energy and with a wavelength in the range of few hundredths of an Angstrom.
An electron microscope has a theoretical resolving power that is much greater than a light microscope and can reveal smaller structures because the electrons used have wavelengths (few hundredths of Angstroms) almost 100,000 times shorter than visible light (few hundred nanometers).
An optimized electron microscope can achieve a practical resolution of a few Angstroms and a useful magnifications in the millions of times.
A good light microscope can resolve structures smaller than a micron but is limited to about a few hundred nanometers resolution. The useful magnification of a light microscope is not much more than a thousand times.
The electron microscope uses electrostatic and electromagnetic fields to act as lenses to control and focus the electron beam and to form an image. An optical or light microscope employs glass lenses.
Protons are located in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. The number and arrangement of protons and electrons determine the chemical properties of an atom.
How much does the hadron collider weigh?
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) weighs approximately 38,000 tonnes, which is equivalent to about 84 million pounds.
Are silver and gold both made of subatomic particles?
Yes, both silver and gold are composed of subatomic particles. At the atomic level, they are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. These subatomic particles combine to form the nucleus and electron cloud of an atom, determining its chemical and physical properties.
What holds the nucleus and electron cloud together in an atom?
strong nuclear force.
The nucleus is held together by both the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. The electron is bond to the nucleus by electro-static forces.
The correct electron configuration for chlorine?
The correct electron configuration for chlorine is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5. This notation represents the distribution of electrons in the various energy levels and sublevels of the chlorine atom.
Are neutrinos smaller than a Planck Unit?
Yes, neutrinos are subatomic particles with a very small, non-zero mass. They are much larger than the Planck length, which is the scale at which quantum effects of gravity become important.
Which is bigger atom electron molecule or cell?
A cell is larger than a molecule, which is larger than an atom or an electron. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms, while molecules are made up of atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller particles such as electrons.
Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles found within the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are found outside the nucleus in electron clouds.
Which subatomic particle has a greater mass a proton or an electron?
Proton has a greater mass than the electron.
How much energy does the large hadron collider produce?
That's a good question. Even the scientists at the LHC aren't sure. But generally, the protons produced in the hydrogen tanks (the tanks produce the beams that are shot at 99.9999999999999999999999999999999999% and so on of the speed of light) when in collision make a tremendous amount of power. But actually storing the power in A. dangerous B. very difficult. Hopefully with all of the power the collider sonsumes, CERN should find a way to give a little back...............................eventually anyway.
How many protons and neutrons are there in sodium?
11 protons and 12 neutrons for Na-23, the (only) naturally occurring isotope.
11 protons and 11 neutrons for Na-22, artificial isotope, 2.6 yr. halflife time
11 protons and 13 neutrons for Na-24, artificial isotope, 14.8 hr. halflife time
No, a kaon is a meson, not a baryon. Baryons are particles composed of three quarks, while mesons are composed of a quark and an antiquark. Kaons contain a strange quark and an anti-up or anti-down quark.
How many unpaired electrons does Si have?
Silicon (Si) has 0 unpaired electrons. It has a total of 4 valence electrons, which it shares to form covalent bonds with other atoms.
What subatomic particles represented the plums?
The plums in the famous "plum pudding" model of the atom represented electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.
Does argon want to gain or lose electrons?
Argon is a Noble Gas. Thus it does not lose or gain electrons.
What two sub-atomic particles are located in the nucleus of the atom?
The two sub-atomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge.
What indicates how strongly an atoms nucleus holds onto its valence electrons?
The measure of how strongly an atom's nucleus holds onto its valence electrons is known as electronegativity. Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table. Atoms with high electronegativity tend to attract electrons more strongly than those with low electronegativity.
What are some examples of bosons?
Some examples of bosons are photons (particle of light), W and Z bosons (mediate weak nuclear force), gluons (mediate strong nuclear force), and Higgs boson (associated with giving mass to particles).
