Particle Physics

The symbol for neutron is simply n because it is neutral in charge.

The symbol for neutron is n with a raised 0. To signify that it's neutral, because 0 is neither positive nor negative.

A chloride ion has 18 electrons. This is one more than the neutral chlorine atom, which has 17 electrons. The one additional electron gained during ionization is responsible for the 1- charge of the ion.

Quarks are elementary particles that combine to form protons and neutrons, which are found in the nucleus of atoms. Leptons are another type of elementary particle that do not participate in the strong nuclear force and include electrons, muons, and tau particles. Quarks have fractional electric charges while leptons have integer electric charges.

Phosphorus and sulfur both have 16 neutrons.

The strong force is several million times stronger between quarks inside nucleons than the electromagnetic force is between charged particles. In fact if you apply enough energy to a nucleon to knock out a "free quark" the excess energy is enough to create a shower of quark-antiquark pairs that are attracted to the "free quark" and to each other resulting in a shower of ordinary nucleons and no free quarks.

The areas in which electrons are located in an atom are called electron shells or energy levels. These shells are designated by numbers (such as n = 1, 2, 3, etc.) and each shell can hold a specific number of electrons based on its energy level.

Electrons and Protons and Neurons make up an atom. An atom can form a compound or molecule when it reacts chemically with another atom. It is the outer layers' valence electrons which cause hte reaction.

The force of attraction increases as an electron and a proton approach each other. And it varies inversely as the square of the distance between the particles. Let's break it down. Ready? Jump with me. The electron and the proton have a negative electrostatic charge and a positive electrostatic charge respectively. Each charge - and the force associated with that unit of charge - is constant - and equal. (The electron and proton have equal, but oppositely polarized, electrostatic charges.) But there is more. According to the law of electrostatics, like charges repel, and opposite charges attract, so they will be attracted to each other. And as they get closer, the force acting on them to pull them together increases - by the inverse square of the distance that separates them. Keep going. If an electron and a proton are a given distance apart, they will attract each other. The electron, because it is only about 1/1836th (or so) of the mass of the proton, will do almost all of the moving. The force acting on each particle is the same, but because the electron is lighter by a ton, the force acting on it will cause it to accelerate much more than the proton will accelerate. When the distance between the two particles is half of what it was at the start, the force of attraction between the two bodies will be four times what it was at the start. It is Coulomb's Law that is at work here, and this is the statement of that law: The magnitude of the electrostatic force between two point electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of each charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges.Need links? You got 'em.

Nitrogen's atomic number is 7. Therefore, it has 7 protons, all of which are positively charged. In order to be neutral then, nitrogen must also have 7 electrons in it.

Iodine is element number 53 and and so has 53 protons. There are thus 131-53 = 78 neutrons

No, its negatively charged.

Protons have a charge of +1 and are in the atomic nucleus. Neutrons have a charge of 0 and are also in the atomic nucleus. Electrons have a charge of -1 and are found outside of the nucleus, in the electron cloud.

Lead has a total of 82 subatomic particles, which includes 82 protons and typically 126 neutrons in its most common isotope. Electrons can vary in number based on the charge of the ion.

There are many theories about electrons, but perhaps the most fascinating is quantum theory. It offers a unique explanation of the universe. It is so complex, even Einstein never quite got a handle on it.

Electrons, as far as we can tell, never exist in a measurable precise location, the more accurately you measure its location, the less you can measure its velocity, we have to bounce light off a particle to see it, these photons move the electron in question, ruining the measurement. That's uncertainty. If you look at something small, you change its position or velocity in doing so. We must use probability to make measurements of electron motion.

Electrons also have the unique property, best summed up by Richard Feyman "electrons behave like particles...no they don't exactly, they also behave like waves...no they don't exactly."

Not much of an answer I know, but that's why it's a theory.

It is an atom. The only atom with 81 protons, i.e. atomic number 81, is Thallium, Tl. If it has 3 less electrons it has 3+ positive charge. So it is the Tl3+ ion. Note you usually encounter Thallium as Tl+ . In thsi respect it is different from the other members of Group 13.

Yes, neutrons are baryons and protons as well.

The four fundamental forces of nature are gravity, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. These forces were discovered and explained by different scientists throughout history: Isaac Newton for gravity, James Clerk Maxwell for electromagnetic force, Enrico Fermi for weak nuclear force, and Hideki Yukawa for strong nuclear force.

Antimatter was first artificially created in 1955 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California by physicist Owen Chamberlain and his team. They produced the first antiproton.

The true name of the so called (by non specialists) god particle is the Higgs boson; this particle was predicted but not discovered until now.

The Higgs boson is not the equivalent of the antimatter.

Protons and neutrons are composite particles make up of up and down quarks. There are two up quarks and one down quark in a proton, and two down quarks and an up quark in a neutron.

Because an atom of element has the same number of electrons as of protons and the number of protons in an atom is the same as the atomic number of the atom, the answer to this is whichever element has the highest atomic number yet synthesized.

... no?

The reason for the question mark is that I'm trying to figure out what on Earth you might mean by "new electron".

Muons and tau particles are somewhat similar to electrons, but calling them "new electrons" is a bit of a stretch. They've also been known for quite a while; the muon was discovered in 1936 and the tau has been known since the late 1970s.

LEAST mass? That would be photos or neutrinos, which have no mass at all.

Where Least is greater than zero? Electrons, probably; an electron is 1/1836th of a proton, I seem to recall.

Neutrinos actually have a small nonzero mass, so small it has yet to be determined. No neutrino has a mass of more than a few eV, the electron has a mass of about 0.5MeV.

The element with 86 protons in period 6 is radon, which has the chemical symbol Rn. It is a radioactive noble gas that is found in trace amounts in the Earth's atmosphere.

They are able to pass the blood brain barrier and may never leave your body, theres a strong chance that they are carcinogens also. At present there is very little data available on the toxicity of nanoparticles