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Persian Wars
The Persian Wars were a series of sackings, invasions, and takeovers that lasted for over 700 years. The Persians fought against Hellenic city states, but the brunt of the wars were against the Romans. Centuries of supporting military through wartime caused serious economic hardship for both the Persians and the Romans.
521 Questions
What was the three most important results of the Persian Wars?
Persia returned to consolidating its empire in Asia, Athens emerged as the most aggressive power amongst the Greek city-states, and ensuing inter-city-state wars wars so weakened them that Macedonia was enabled to takeover the Greek world.
Which factors enabled the Greeks to win the 3rd Persian war?
During the Persian invasion of mainland Greece, the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy, and in the third phase of the 50-year war, their navy dominated the seas, enabling them to win the sea-land operation against Persia for the next 30 years until the Persians gave up and agreed to peace.
What were the effects of the Persian War in Greece?
After the Persians agreed to peace, Athens converted the Delian League which it had led in the second half of the war into an empire of its own. It used this strength to interfere in the affairs of other Greek cities, resulting in the devastating 27-year Peloponnesian War, which saw Athens stripped of its empire. The weakened cities were then taken over into a Macedonian Empire.
Who was the ruler during the first Persian war?
Ruler of what? Ask an answerable question if you want an answer.
How big was the Athenian army during the Persian War?
At the battle of Plataia in 479 BCE Herodotos says there were 5,000 Spartan hoplites (armoured infantry) with 35,000 helot light infantry (they always took seven helots per hoplite to avoid uprisings at home while the army was away). In addition, from Lakadaemonia (the Spartan territory) was an additional 5,000 hoplites and 5,000 light infantry, the whole contingent totalling 50,000.
The other Greek contingents totalled about 60,000, half hoplites, half light infantry.
Greek author of History of the Persian Wars?
The Greek who wrote about the Persian was was Herodotus in 'The Histories'.
Also Thoukydides wrote about this war.
When did the Persian war against Athens happen?
The main part was 480-479 BCE, though there were later engagements at Eurymedon 466 BCE and Cyprus 450, after which the 449 Peace of Callias was made, putting an end to direct conflict for fifty years, when outbreaks began again, until finally ended by the Macedonian conquest of the Persian Empire in the late 4th Century BCE..
What is the time-line of the Persian Wars?
it started in 509 b.c.e and ended 14 c . e thats what happen go to youngstaown christian school its the best
What was the immediate cause of the Persian Wars?
(499 - 449 BC) Series of wars between Greek states and Persia, beginning with the Ionian Revolt 499-493 BCE, particularly two invasions of Greece by Persia (490, 480 - 479). When Darius I came to power in Persia in 522, the Ionian Greek city-states in Anatolia were under Persian control. They rose up unsuccessfully in the Ionian revolt (499 - 494). The support lent by Athens provoked Darius to invade Greece (492). His fleet was destroyed in a storm. In 490 he assembled a huge army on a plain near Athens; his devastating defeat at the Battle of Marathon sent him back to Persia. In 480 the Persians under Xerxes I again invaded Greece, seeking to avenge the defeat. This time all Greece fought together, with Sparta in charge of the army and Athens of the navy. A band of Spartans under Leonidas was overcome at the Battle of Thermopylae, allowing the Persian army to reach Athens, which they sacked (480). When the Persian navy was soundly defeated at the Battle of Salamis, Xerxes withdrew it to Persia. His army was defeated at the Battle of Plataea in 479 and driven from Greece, and the navy met a similar fate at Mycale on the Anatolian coast. Sporadic fighting went on for 30 more years, during which Athens formed the Delian League to free the Ionians. The Peace of Callias (449) ended the hostilities.
Who wrote the book the History of the Persian Wars?
The most comprehensive one is contained in HerodotusThe Histories.
Secondary sources are Diodorus Siculus and Certius fragments. Both are unreliable.
What were the two sides during the Persian war?
The Persians and the Greeks (Athens and Sparta). There were 2 wars and three famous battles.
1. 490Bc - Dareius (P) - Miltiades (G); the Greeks won in the battle at Matathon.
2. 480BC -Xerxes (P) - Leonidas (G); the Persians won at Thermopylai.
3. 480BC - Xerxes (P)-Themistocles (G); the Greeks won at Salamis.
What was the major effect of the Persian War?
The Greek city-states in Asia Minor were freed from Persian Empire rule and hoped for peace and independence, only to be swallowed up into an Athenian empire and plunged into the Peloponnesian War.
This ongoing fighting within the Greek world brought Persia to re-absorb them into its empire sixty years later to stop these wars spilling over to its territory.
Where did Athens get money to rebuild after the Persian War?
It continued to extort the war contributions from the Delian League cities after the war ehded. This money it spent on maintaining its fleet to take the money, and spent it on glorifying the city, supporting its culture and lifestyle, and keeping half its own population on the public payroll.
The gold enabled a Golden Age.
The Persian wars were touched off by?
Ionia - the Greco-Persian Wars was a result of the Ionian revolt .
The wars began when the Greek city-states in Asia Minor revolted against Persian rule. Athens interfered, bringing Persian reprisal, which widened the conflict to the rest of the Greek world.
What was a result of the Persian War of the 5th century b.c.?
Athens converted the anti-Persian league into an empire of its own at the end of the war.
This created two powerful blocs in the Greek world - the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. They clashed in the devastating 27-year Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE.
Who was the victor in the Persian Wars?
At Ephesus in 498 BCE the Persian army crushed a force of the Ionian cities augmented by contingents from Eretria and Athens.
What did the greeks lose at the end of the Persian war?
The Persian conflict with the Greeks went on for a hundred years, as the expanding Persian empire took over Greek city-states in the western Mediterranean. The Persians won some, lost some.
A peace was made in 449 BCE in which the Persians agreed to stay from the Greek cities outside its empire. It all ended when the Macedonian king Alexander ended it by conquering the Persian empire.
Persia, in taking over western Asia, gained control of the Greek city-states located there. When these cities revolted in 499 BCE, cities from mainland Greece intervened, which led the Persians to believe that the only way to achieve peace within their empire was to incorporate those European Greek cities within their empire.
The Persians bought compliance from some of these cities and set out to conquer the rest. Their invasion of mainland Greece in 480-479 failed, and Athens formed the Delian League of a couple of hundred cities mainly from Asia Minor and the Islands to retain the freedom they had achieved. Sporadic warfare continued until in 449 BCE the Persians gave up, agreed to stay away from the cities, and left the Greeks to go back to their usual warfare between each other.
Athens opportunistically then turned the League into an empire of its own - they ruefully realised they had traded an alien master for another master whom they had mistakenly trusted.
When did the greeks rebuild the acropolis after the Persian war?
The Parthenon amongst others was built on the top of the Acropolis.
The Parthenon was a temple of Athena, patron goddess of Athens.
What effect did the Persian Wars gave on the role of Athens in the Greek world?
Answer 1
The Athenians, who would dominate Greece culturally and politically through the fifth century BC and through part of the fourth, regarded the wars against Persia as their greatest and most characteristic moment.
The battle of Marathon (490 BC), is perhaps the single most important battle in Greek history. Had the Athenians lost, Greece would have eventually come under the control of the Persians and all the subsequent culture and accomplishments of the Greeks would probably not have taken the form they did.
For the Athenians, the battle at Marathon was their greatest achievement. From Marathon onwards, the Athenians began to think of themselves as the center of Greek culture and Greek power. This pride, or chauvinism, was the foundation on which much of their cultural achievements were built. The first great dramas, for instance, were the dramas of Aeschylus; the principle subject of these dramas is the celebration of Athenian greatness. The great building projects of the latter half of the fifth century were motivated by the need to display Athenian wealth, greatness, and power.
It's difficult to assess all the consequences of the Greek victory over the Persians. While the Spartans were principally responsible for the victory, the Athenian fleet was probably the most important component of that victory. This victory left Athens with the most powerful fleet in the Aegean, and since the Persians hadn't been completely defeated, all the Greeks feared a return. The majority of Greek city-states, however, didn't turn to Sparta; they turned, rather, to Athens and the Athenian fleet. The alliances that Athens would make following the retreat of the Persians, the so-called Delian League, would suddenly catapult Athens into the major power of the Greek city-states. This power would make Athens the cultural center of the Greek world, but it would also spell their downfall as the Spartans grew increasingly frightened of Athenian power and increasingly suspicious of Athenian intentions.
Answer 2
The first phase of the wars with Persia began with Persia's suppression of the Ionian Revolt in 499 BCE, continued with its failed attempt to punish and control Eretria and Athens for their interference in the Greek city uprisings in Asia Minor, then its failed invasion of peninsular Greece in 480-479 BCE attempting to incorporate it within the Persian empire to establish an ethnic frontier. Further confrontation in 466 and 450 ended in the Peace of Callias in 449 BCE, where both sides agreed to stay out of each others' areas of influence.
After the repulse of the 480-79 invasion Sparta wanted to repatriate Greeks from Asia to end the conflict. Adventurous Athens counter-proposed a defensive league and enlisted nearly 200 cities in it - they either provided warships or provided the money for them. Most paid.
Athens took leadership of this anti-Persian Delian League and used its funds to maintain a powerful navy. When peace with Persia was made in 449 BCE, Athens used the navy to continue to collect the funds, by force where necessary, and used them to dominate what became a virtual empire, and also enrich itself at their expense. The war chest paid for the beautification of Athens and half its citizens to be on the public payroll.
The Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, resisted increasing Athenian attempts to expand its influence and the collision resulted in a 27-year war which devastated the Greek world from Sicily to Asia Minor and saw Athens lose its empire. Persia reentered the fray, providing the funds for the Peloponnesian League to buy a fleet which could overpower the Athenian one. Athens became a lesser player without the other cities' money, and the Asia Minor Greek cities took the lead in science and culture.
It converted the Delian League which it had led against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own.
What was a major accomplishment of cleisthenes?
A major accomplishment of the Cleisthenes was that as before ,all the male citizens could participate in the assembly and vote on laws. Assembly members could now discuss issues freely, hear legal and appoint army officals.
What was the most surprising about the outcome of the Persian wars?
The Persian Empire attacked Greece again 30 years later.
The Athenian army and its Plataean allies were waiting in the hills around the Plain of Marathon, where the Persian cavalry could not get at them, for reinforcements from Sparta.
After ten days, they saw the Persian cavalry being loaded on ships. They seized the opportunity and ran down and defeated the inferior Persian infantry now unprotected by its cavalry.
Then they realised where the Persian cavalry was going - around to land at unprotacted athens, to gallop up to the city, where traitors would open the gates for them.
The Athenian infantry ran back the 26 miles to Athens and formed up in front of the city just as the Persian cavalry was disembarking. Frustrated, the Persian cavalry went home.
This run is today commemorated in Marathon runs by athletes. However today's spoilt runners don't first have to fight a battle, and carry with them armour and weapons, and run in sandals. And they have exotic diets, rather than living on a basic diet of bread. Who gets your vote for the real tough guys?
What two city state united to defeat the Persians in the Persian war?
If you mean Sparta and Athens, they were not rivals but supported each other. The rivalry came after the Persian invasion was repelled and Athens turned the Delian League it had led against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own and used its resources to try to dominate the Greek world.
How did the Persians lose the Persian Wars?
They lost the punitive expedition against Eretria and Athens in 490 BCE - successful against Eretria captured and its inhabitants sold into slavery, but lost against Athens at Marathon. The Persians split their force, sending their cavalry by sea to take Athens by treachery. When the Athenians at Marathon saw the cavalry embarked, they rushed down from the hills where they had been lurking to avoid the cavalry, and ran over the inferior Persian infantry. They then ran back the 26 miles to Athens and formed up in front of the city gates to stop the cavalry. The Persians went home.
The real invasion to take over mainlaand Greece in 480 BCE was frustrated by losing the naval battle of Salamis, which removed the threat of amphibious raids against the cities of the Peloponnese which kept the city armies a home to defend them. It also exposed the sea supply fleet of the Persian army. In a poor countryside, Xerxes had to take half his army home, and the following year the Greek cities concentrated against the remaining Persian army and its Greek allies at Plataia and defeated them. At the same time the Greek navies defeated the remaining Persian fleet at Mykale.
Athens then formed an anti-Persian alliance amongst the Greek cities in Persian territiories which ensured the success of subsequent naval battles at Eurymedon and Cyprus. The Persians then entered a peace treaty, undertaking to stay out of Greek waters.
