Phoenicia

There was no Phoenician empire - it was a group of independent city-states based in the Levant. They were taken over by the Persian Empire, and later the Roman Empire.

22

Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, Carthage.

The Greeks, the British, the French, the Americans, the Chinese, The Phoenicians.

The Phoenician alphabet is the oldest verified consonantal alphabet, dating to approximately 1200 BCE. The alphabet was used by the ancient civilization of Phoenicia and through their traveling and colonization came to widespread use. The Phoenician alphabet consisted of 22 letters, many of which form the basis of the greek alphabet and therefore the Latin and English alphabets currently in use.

Their merchant ships being attacked by pirates

They had to protect their trade around the Mediterranean by force.

The Greeks bacame competitors.

The Persians incorporated them into their empire, and used their ships as part of their navy against the Greeks.

The Carthaginian Phoenicians were destroyed by their rising rivals the Romans.

Phoenicia was taken over by the Macedonian kingdoms.

Rome took them all into its expanding empire.

The earliest example is in Byblos, dating about 1,000 BCE. It is speculated that they started developing it in about 1,500 BCE.

As Canaanites, the Phoenicians practiced a very base religion centered around the fertility god Baal; it involved sodomy, bestiality, and ceremonial prostitution, as well as abhorrent rites of child sacrifice. (See PICTURE, Vol. 1, p. 739; CANAAN, CANAANITE No. 2 [Conquest of Canaan by Israel].) The Phoenician city of Baalbek (c. 65 km [40 mi] NE of Beirut) became one of the great centers of polytheistic worship in the ancient world; in Roman times great temples to various gods and goddesses were erected there, the ruins of which can be seen today.

They mainly established trading stations as bases from which to conduct their trading activities around the Mediterranean. One of them grew into a colony and then an independent city-state carrying on its own trading - Carthage. It established its ownstations in Spain and the Barca family developed this into a territory which they ruled, which brought them into a conflict with n expanding Rome in the Punic Wars.

The Persians conquered Phoenicia under Cyrus The Great, in 539 BCE.

Fo-Nee-Shun, with an accent on the Nee.

There are so few ancient Phoenicians around to talk with about it.

The Phoenicians existed from about 1550 BC to the rise of Alexander in 330 BC.

The Phoenicians were a people who maintained a loose commercial empire of independent city-states all throughout the Medittereanean. Originating in the cities of Sidon and Tyre in modern Lebanon/Israel, they founded cities such as Carthage in modern Tunisia and had trading depots in Cyprus, Morocco, Malta, Southern Spain and Somalia. All of these were part of the larger Phoenician world. Their "home base", as it were, remained in the Levant however, so the geographical features of this area would be those of the coast of south and south-central Lebanon and northern Israel, especially in the South Governorate of Lebanon.

traders and sailors

The main ones were cedars (best known), oaks, walnuts, sycamores, pies, figs.

An alphabetic index is a systematic arrangement of terms or subjects in alphabetical order, typically found in reference materials like books, dictionaries, or databases. It serves as a navigational tool, allowing users to quickly locate specific information or topics by searching for keywords. By organizing entries alphabetically, it enhances accessibility and efficiency in finding relevant content.

Probably the Phoenicians near 600 BCE

Phoenicia was not an empire, it was a group of independent city-states. The ones in the Levant were taken over by first Persia, then Alexander the reat. The western one - Carthage was destroyed by Rome.

We are often told that the Phoenicians invented the alphabet. Regardless of who put pen to papyrus to create it, the Phoenician contribution was none-the-less major and critical. They were the major sea-traders of the Mediterranean, and they went everywhere. When the Phoenicians began using the alphabet as a simple and easy way to keep track of their trades, it was exposed to everyone. Also they show the other countries that ships could travel around the globe trading important commodities. Phoenician mariners sailed to Mediterranean and southwestern European ports. The Phoenicians were the great merchants of ancient times. They sold rich treasures from many lands.

The Phoenicians did not die out although many died due to the Byzantine empire that came and killed many of them. Phoenicians never left Lebanon they stayed in the Mountains and are still Phoenicians in modern day.

note i just copied this off some one Else's that was exactly the same question and if you looked around you would of found it.

Spain, Sardinia.

The Phoenicians become the greatest traders and the best sailors and navigators of the pre-classical world. They only shipped certain goods and became the only traders in those goods that gave them a monopoly in some areas.