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Planetary Science

Planetary Science is the study of Planets and the Solar System, a combination of Astronomy and Earth Sciences. Find questions about the different planets and more.

25,144 Questions

Why do all stars appear to move except the pole star?

All stars appear to move due to Earth's rotation, but the Pole Star, also known as Polaris, remains in a relatively fixed position in the sky because it is located almost directly above Earth's North Pole. This causes it to appear stationary as other stars appear to rotate around it.

How long would it take at the speed of sound to travel 1 light year?

It would take approximately 1 year to travel 1 light year at the speed of sound, which is around 767 mph (1,234 km/h). However, it is important to note that the speed of sound is much slower than the speed of light, which travels about 186,282 miles per second (299,792 km/s).

What would happen to Earth and the other planets in the solar system without the sun's gravitational force?

Without the Sun's gravitational force, the planets in the solar system would no longer remain in their orbits and would drift off into space. The absence of the Sun's gravity would disrupt the delicate balance of the solar system, leading to chaos and potential collisions between planets. Essentially, the solar system would cease to exist in its current form without the Sun's gravitational force.

The force between a planet and a spacecraft is 1 million newtons.What will the force be if the spacecraft moves to half its original distance from the planet?

The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. So, half the distance means four times the force.

So, the answer is: 4 million newtons.

additional note: This is true only if the distance referred to is the distance to the center of the planet or if the distance to the planet is great enough to make the radius of the planet insignificant.

Which planet has a gas giant and largest rings?

Saturn is the planet famous for an extensive system of rings.

However, recent space probes and improved telescopes have revealed that both Jupiter and Neptune also have rings, although much smaller and more faint. It is likely that all gas giant planets will have at least some kind of ring system.

Which one of the nineth planets is closert to the sun?

well first off theres only 8 planets now because Pluto is a dwarf planet. but mercury is the closest planet to the sun followed up by venus, earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, uranius, and neptune.

Why is Venus called a terrestrial planet?

Venus is called a terrestrial planet because it has a solid rocky surface, like Earth does. The other type of planet in this gas is a gas giant or Jovian planed, consisting largely of hydrogen gas, like Jupiter.

Why are o and b main sequence stars rare?

O and B main sequence stars are rare because they are massive stars with short lifespans compared to smaller stars like the Sun. Their high mass causes them to burn through their nuclear fuel at a faster rate, leading to a shorter main sequence lifetime. This means that O and B stars are less common in the overall population of stars because they exist for a shorter period of time.

How does the temperature of planet vary with distance from the sun?

The temperature of a planet varies with the distance from the sun because the sun is hot and the closer something is to the sun, the hotter the object gets. The further away the planet from the sun, the colder the planet.

What is the name of tenth planet in solar system?

There isn't a tenth planet in the Solar System.

There are 8 planets in the Solar System:

  1. Mercury
  2. Venus
  3. Earth
  4. Mars
  5. Jupiter
  6. Saturn
  7. Uranus
  8. Neptune

In addition to the 8 planets, there are 5 dwarf planets:

  1. Ceres
  2. Pluto
  3. Haumea
  4. Makemake
  5. Eris

Pluto and Ceres were once counted among the planets. Ceres became an asteroid, and was later reclassified as a dwarf planet; Pluto was a planet and was then reclassified as a dwarf planet.

Though the dwarf planets meet 2 of the 3 requirements to be a planet, they do not qualify according to the IAU definition and hence, they are not counted among the planets.

An object that is inaccurately called the 10th planet is 90377 Sedna. Sedna is a trans-Neptunian object and a likely dwarf planet discovered by Michael Brown (Caltech), Chad Trujillo (Gemini Observatory) and David Rabinowitz (Yale University) on November 14, 2003. It is currently 88 AU from the Sun, about three times as distant as Neptune.
old Mayan story and no body would believe it. As people said the end of the world will be in 2000, and nothing happend, again the stupid Mayan said the end of the world will be in 2012........ The question here is how did they know?....... do you have an answer?....no you don't, because now with everything we have and we don't know if that is true or not

What gases is the sun made of and what causes them to burn?

Mostly hydrogen. The sun's surface we see is largely hydrogen at incandescant temperatures. The energy for this comes from nuclear fusion reactions inside the sun, not from any chemical "burning" reactions. The sun is one vast H bomb held together by stupendous gravity, consuming 4 million tons of matter per second. It is regarded as moderately small by comparison with many stars.

Is it possible for a moon to orbit a planet so that it is in a continual lunar eclipse and is never exposed to sunlight?

I would say no, but would welcome any thoughts from others on this.

The time taken for an object to orbit around another mainly depends on the distance, the further out, the longer it takes. For a moon to be always behind the planet on its way round, its time taken to orbit the planet would have to be a similar length of time that the planet takes to orbit the parent star.

So the orbiting moon would have to be as far away from the planet centre as the planets distance to the star centre, meaning that the moon is no longer chiefly affected by the planets gravity.

What planet revolves around the sun while rotation on its side?

Uranus rotates in its horizontal axis rather than on its vertical one, like the other planets in the solar system. Astronomers believe that an Earth-sized object collided with the planet in the distant plans and knocked it onto its side.

How many planets were known to the Greeks?

These are the classical planets, those that you can see without a telescope. These are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. they could be seen to be different to the stars, since they changed positions gradually in relation to the other stars (as they orbit the sun)

What inner planet has a retograde rotation?

Venus has a retrograde rotation, meaning it rotates in the opposite direction to its orbit around the Sun. This results in the Sun rising in the west and setting in the east on Venus.

How long does it take from earth to Saturn in hours?

The time it takes to travel from Earth to Saturn depends on the spacecraft and its speed. For example, the Cassini space probe took about 6.7 years to travel from Earth to Saturn. At its fastest speed, a spacecraft could potentially make the journey in about 2-3 years.

What are the two main factors that control how a Terrestrial planets surface will evolve?

The two main factors are: A breathable atmosphere and liquid water. The planet also should be in the "Goldilocks zone" or Habitable zone. Without a breathable atmosphere like ours, there would be no life. That is also a reason why NASA haven't found anything or life in Mars. Mars is full of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Why are the gas giants given this name?

Jupiter has 64. Saturn is smaller, but still has 60 moons. I'm not certain there should actually be any theoretical lower limit. A big gas giant with moons carefully arranged--I should think potentially a thousand...

How does the mass of Jupiter compare to those other planets?

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. The data below shows how all other planets mass is compared with Jupiters, in terms of percentage of Jupiters mass.

Planet% mass of JupiterMercury0.017Venus0.256Earth0.315Mars0.034Jupiter100.000Saturn29.941Uranus4.574Neptune5.396

Which are the new planets?

There are several satellite projects searching for new extra solar planets, and discoveries are being made every month. Since all of the stars that these planets orbit have a catalog designation or a name of their own, the new planets are being given a letter (starting with b, then c.) to follow the name or number of the star. The discoveries of new planets by satellite projects are being give the name of that project, but still only a letter after the satellite project's name. example: COROT 1 b.

In our own solar system, there are four new dwarf planets:

#5 - Ceres

#11 - Haumea

#12 - Makemake

#13 - Eris.

Do the planets rotate counter clockwise or clockwise?

The Earth rotates (spins) counter-clockwise as viewed from above the North Pole, which is also from above the ecliptic plane of the solar system. This is the arbitrary "up" and "down" convention that allows us to say which direction the Earth is spinning. Most other objects in the solar system spin and orbit counter-clockwise as well.

Depending on your location on the planet, the Earth's spin (west to east) could be seen as clockwise or counter-clockwise. In the Northern Hemisphere, looking south toward the equator, the Earth turns counter-clockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere, looking north toward the equator, the turn appears clockwise.

If you're looking from Polaris ("above" the North Pole) looking down on Earth, it's spin appears counter-clockwise. If you're looking from the direction of the Southern Cross ("below" the South Pole) looking up at Earth, then the spin would look clockwise.

From outside the solar system, the same conventions apply. From Aldeberan, Spica, Regulus or any of the other stars near the ecliptic it appears as if a point on the the left side of the Earth approaches, crosses in front (going from left to right) and goes behind the Earth at the right edge, which we define as west-to-east.

Experiment:Hang a ball from the ceiling by a thread, and set it spinning on its axis.

Before it has time to unwind look at it from "above" (the string side) and below.

The ball will appear to be rotating in different directions due to the different angles of view.

What are two classes of planets found in the solar system?

The two main classes of planets in the solar system are the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and the gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). Terrestrial planets are rocky, dense, and relatively small, while gas giant planets are primarily composed of gases and have a much larger size compared to terrestrial planets.

How far is voyager 1 away from the sun?

Voyager 1 is currently approximately 14 billion miles away from the Sun.

Is the earth is closest to the sun during the month of august?

No. It is closet to the sun in January!

Seasons are caused by tilt of the earth, not how close to the sun it is.

But for which Hemisphere?

Season are determined by tilt. The earth stays the same distance away from the sun every season.

What keeps the earth from freezing?

the salt in the water breaks up the crystalsrequired to make the ocean t freeze

Another answer:

Oceans freeze, but at a lower temperature than pure water, because of the mineral content of ocean water. The freezing point of ocean water may be 27 or 28 degrees F., depending on the mineral content.

The Antarctic continent, for example, practically doubles in size during the austral winter, based in the oceans that surround the continent freezing. The polar ice cap in the northern hemisphere is composed totally of frozen sea water.