Popes

Pope Urban II is most important for sending aid to the Byzantine Empire against the Turks and calling the First Crusade. He also established the groundwork of the Roman Curia which is still in use today.

The Popes, including the present Pope (in 2014), Pope Francis, have lived in the Vatican for most of the last 1,700 years, and in the city of Rome for nearly the entire 2,000 year existence of the Church. Vatican City, or the Vatican, is an independent city state within the Italian capital city of Rome. It is an independent "nation" with its own civil service [the Curia], police force and even its own "army" - the Swiss Guard. During the summer, for the past several centuries they have gone to Castle Gondolfo to escape the oppressive summer heat in Rome.

The pope resides in the Papal Apartments of the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican. It is, in actuality, quite a modest dwelling. However, our new pope, Francis, has decided to forego the Papal Apartments and is living in a small apartment in Casa Santa Marta, a sort of guest hostel in the Vatican.

Saints of African birth have been canonized for centuries and nearly two millenia. One of the doctors of the Church, St. Augustine of Hippo, was born in what is today Algeria. He lived from 354-430 and is a noted and influential theologian and philosopher. A deacon named Caesarius of Africa was martyred in the 1st century. Numerous others have been canonized. Three popes were of North African birth - Victor I (189-199), Militiades (310-314), and Gelasius I (492-496), the first two are saints.

Both Pope Gregory XV and Pope Urban VIII were involved with Galileo's case

No such thing.

---- Legend says that there was a pope called Joan in the 850's AD. Most historians consider this to be a myth or legend, and that there was in reality no female imposter pope.

Pope John Paul I, also known as Albino Luciani.
Actually Albino Luciani reigned from August 26–September 28, 1978, for a total of 33 calendar days. Benedict V (May 22–June 23, 964) also served for only 33 days.

Pope Benedict was elected on April 19, 2005, after the death of John Paul II on April 2 of that year. He was enthroned on April 24, 2005. Pope Benedict is the 265th pope.
Benedict was pope from April 19, 2005, until he retired on February 28, 2013. (7 years, 315 days)

John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope, not just since 1953 but since the 16th century! He was born Karol Józef Wojtyła in Wadowice, Poland in 1920 and elected pope (taking the name John Paul II to honor his immediate predecessors) in 1978. John Paul II died in 2005, after one of the longest papacies in history.

Rhe longest reigning pope was St. Peter who ruled for about 35 years. Pius IX was the second longest reigning pope. Pius IX was the longest-serving pope after Peter, holding the office for nearly 32 years.

Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto was Pope Pius X's birth name.

There has never been a Catholic pope from Russia.

Each new pope is elected by a conclave of cardinals held in Vatican City. The meeting place is often fitted with a chimney from which smoke is emitted, ostensibly by the burning of ballots. A ballot that elects a pope will be marked by white smoke from the chimney, with official announcements made a few hours later.

Is on the north side of the Vatican Crypt in less than 100 ft from the tomb of Saint Peter

Catholic Answer No. Although he was the last non-priest to be elected to the papacy, there is no report, whatsoever, of him having any children. He is most famous for issuing indulgences in return for alms to rebuild St. Peters.

The following is a list of popes who were VIIIs:

Innocent VIII

Boniface VIII

Urban VIII

Benedict VIII

John VIII

Clement VIII

Gregory VIII

Leo VIII

Pius VIII

As of 2014 the last three popes were;
Pope John Paul I
Pope John Paul II
Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Francis is the current pope, elected in 2013.

Because the people were treating them like royalty. Most of the people worshiped them and thought them as one of their Gods.

The first non-Italian pope was St. Peter (32-57), who was an Israeli Jew, the last non-Italian Pope before John Paul II was Adrian VI (1522-23) who was Dutch and the only Pope in modern times, save Marcellus II (1555) to keep his baptismal name. John Paul II (1978-2005) was the first Polish Pope, and the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI.

Pius XI 1922 - 1939
Pius XII 1939 - 1958
John XXIII 1958 - 1963
Paul VI 1963 - 1978
John Paul I 1978
John Paul II 1978 - 2005
Benedict XVI 2005 - 2013
Francis 2013 -

Pope Leo X sold many indulgences to get money. His spending made the church go broke, so his way of gathering money was through indulgences. Once Martin Luther realized what he was doing was wrong, he let other people know, and they left Catholicism and formed the Reformation.

Not an easy question...also depending on whether you mean worst in executing his office or worst in personal life, living up to the standards of the pope. The most famous example of the latter is easy: Pope Alexander VI. Originally Cardinal Borgia from Spain, Pope Alexander's claims to fame were taking over much of Italy by force with the help of his son Cesare (yes, his son), a racy relationship with his daughter Lucrezia (some say her son was his), and his affinity for throwing large parties, bordering on orgies, that usually culminated with little naked boys jumping out of large cakes. The Renaissance Popes in general were a group of popes who did not live up to the standards of their office, and many papal elections were rigged for rich, powerful families of that time. The abuses of these papacies are some of the reasons for the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when Christendom was split.

The longest reigning pope Pius IX (Pio None) (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) reigned from 16 June 1846-7 to Feb 1878.

One. Nicholas Breakspeare became Pope Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. He was from Hertfordshire in England.