Prophet Muhammad

1. Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddeeq Raziallahu Anhu

2. Hazrat Umar e Farooq Raziallahu Anhu

3. Hazrat Usman e Ghani Raziallahu Anhu

4. Hazrat Ali Raziallahu Anhu

5. Hazrat Zayd Bin Thabit (Sabit) Raziallahu Anhu

6. Hazrat Abdallah Bin Mas'ood Raziallahu Anhu

7. Hazrat Zubair Bin Al-Awm Raziallahu Anhu

8. Hazrat Khaild Bin Sayeed Raziallahu Anhu

9. Hazrat Hanzla Bin Rabee Raziallahu Anhu

10. Hazrat Khaled Bin Waleed Raziallahu Anhu

11. Hazrat Abdallah Bin Rawaha Raziallahu Anhu

12. Hazrat Muhammad Bin Musallamah Raziallahu Anhu

13. Hazrat Abdallah Bin Abdallah Raziallahu Anhu

14. Hazrat Mughairah Bin Sha'ba Raziallahu Anhu

15. Hazrat Abdallah Bin Amar Bin Aas Raziallahu Anhu

16. Hazrat Muaawiyah Raziallahu Anhu

17. Hazrat Jahm Bin Al-ssalt Raziallahu Anhu

18. Hazrat Muaeqeeb Bin Abi Fatimah Raziallahu Anhu

19. Hazrat Abdallah Bin Arqam Raziallahu Anhu

20. Hazrat Thabit Bin Qais Bin Shamas Raziallahu Anhu

21. Hazrat Huzaifa Bin Yamaan Raziallahu Anhu

22. Hazrat Amir Bin Faheerah Raziallahu Anhu

23. Hazrat Abdallah Bin Abi Al-sarh Raziallahu Anhu

24. Hazrat Sayeed Bin Jubair Raziallahu Anhu

25. Hazrat Sharahbeel Bin Hasnah Raziallahu Anhu

26. Hazrat Abaan Bin Sayeed Raziallahu Anhu

I REQUEST TO THE ABOVE POSTER THAT PLEASE MENTION THE SOURCE FROM WHERE HE GOT THE ABOVE INFO .

There are about 1.6 billion Muslims in the world.

of course 1.6 billion Muslim know him.

Read more: How_many_people_follow_Muslim_today

Here are twelve Logical, Scientific, and real proofs out of thousand proofs explained by Qur'an. A Muslim Scholar explains those in a story form.

Here "God" is Allah (Arabic Al-ilah which means The God) because it is Absolute One, Has no son, father or mother. He is the only One. (Not Jesus, or not The Holy Ghost. Father for Christians)

Evidences of God's Sovereignty

"God sets forth parables for men that haply they may remember." (Qur'an 14:25)

"Those are the parables We set for men that haply they may reflect." (Qur'an 59:21)

ONCE two men were washing in a pool. Under the influence of a mysterious force, they lost consciousness, and when they opened their, eyes again, they saw that they had been transported to a strange world, â world that in its perfect ordering and arrangement resembled first a kingdom, then a city, then a palace. They gazed around in utter amazement. Looking in one direction, they beheld a vast world; looking in another direction, they saw a well-ordered kingdom; looking in yet another direction, they were met by a perfect city; and looking in still one more direction, they were confronted by a palace that contained within itself a splendid and flourishing realm. Traversing the realm, they examined it further, and saw it to be peopled by a species of creatures with their own mode of speech. They did not know their language, but were able to understand from their gestures that they were performing important tasks and fulfilling a valuable function.

One of the two men said to his friend: "This remarkable world has without doubt its orderer; this well-ordered kingdom has its monarch; this perfect city has its master; this finely built palace has its designer. We should strive to make his acquaintance, for it seems that it is he who has brought us here. If we do not come to know him, who else will aid us? What can we expect from those powerless creatures of whose tongue we are ignorant and who pay us no heed? Then, too, the one who has made this vast realm in the form of a kingdom, in the shape of a city, in the mold of a palace, who has filled it from end to end with miraculous objects, decorated it with numerous adornments, and arrayed it with impressive wonders, no doubt desires something from us and from the others that come here. We should make his acquaintance and discover what he wishes of us."

The other man said: "I do not believe that a person exists such as you describe, administering this realm by himself." To which the first replied:

"If we do not come to know him and remain indifferent to him, it will benefit us nothing, and on the contrary cause us great harm. Whereas if we seek to know him, the effort involved will be slight, and the benefit very great. To remain indifferent toward him is therefore unwise."

That heedless man said: "I see my whole comfort and pleasure to lie in not thinking of him. I will not bother myself with matters my intelligence cannot comprehend. All that we see is the result of accident and confusion; it subsists of itself; there is nothing else to be said."

His intelligent friend retorted, "This rebellion of yours will cast me and maybe many others into disaster. It sometimes happens that a whole kingdom is ruined on account of one impudent man."

The heedless one replied, "Either prove to me decisively that this huge kingdom has a sole monarch and maker, or desist from troubling me."

His friend answered: "Since your obstinacy has reached the point of lunacy, you are liable to bring down wrath on us and the whole kingdom. 5o let me show to you with twelve proofs that this world like a palace, this kingdom like a city, has a single designer, and it is this designer who alone administers a11 things. He suffers from no deficiency in any respect; although invisible to us, he sees us and all things, and hears all that is said. All of his deeds are miraculous and wondrous; all of the creatures whom we see and of whose tongues we are ignorant are appointed by him to their tasks.

First Proof

"Come, gaze in every direction, look closely on all things! A hidden hand is at work in al1 of these tasks. For one object lighter than a drachm and as small as a seed is lifting a thousand-pound weight,* and another without a particle of consciousness is performing the wisest of tasks.** They cannot be operating alone; there must be a hidden possessor of power that sets them to work. If all things are autonomous, then all that we have seen in this kingdom from end to end must be a series of unconnected miracles, which would be an absurdity.

[*An allusion to the seeds that bear trees on their heads.

** An allusion to the way in which a delicate plant like the grapevine, which cannot grow upwards and bear the burden of fruit by itself, casts its delicate hands in embrace around a TM for the sake of support.]

Second Proof

"Come, look carefully at all that adorns these plains, squares and dwellings. In each of them there is something indicative of that mysterious being; each of them indicates his existence like a seal or a coin bearing his name. See what he fashions, in front of your eyes, from an ounce of cotton!* See how many rolls of broadcloth, cambric and chintz emerge from it! See too how many candies and sweetmeats, delicious grilled meat are produced there! Thus are many thousands of men like us clothed and fed, and it suffices them all. See too how they take possession of this iron, soil, water, coal, copper, silver and gold, like a prey hunted down in the world of the unseen, and make pieces of meat out of all those elements!** So O foolish man, look and see! A11 of these matters can indicate only a being under whose miraculous power the whole country stands with all of its elements, and to whose every wish all things submit.

[*An allusion to seeds. For example, an opium seed as small as an atom, an apricot pit as light as a drachm, or a melon seed, will bring forth from the Treasury of Mercy and offer to us leaves more finely spun than broadcloth, white and yellow flowers more brightly colored than cambric, and fruits sweeter than candy and more delicious than grilled meat and canned food.

** An allusion to the creation of the animal body from the elements and the bringing into being of living creatures from sperm.]

Third Proof

"Come, look at these precious and skillfully made moving objects!* Each is fashioned in such a way that it is like a copy in miniature of this vast palace. Whatever exists in this palace is to be found in these minute moving machines also. Is it at all possible that one other than the master who designed this palace should be able to compress this wonderful palace into a machine? Or is it at all possible that a machine no larger than a box should function by accident or to no purpose, while containing a whole world within it? All of the precious machines you see with your eyes are then each like a coin bearing the imprint of that hidden being. Indeed, they resemble a herald or a proclamation, declaring through their very mode of being, 'We are the work of a being able to fashion the whole of our world with the same ease with which he created and made us.'

[*An allusion to animals and men. For the animal is like a brief index of the world's contents, while man in his essence is an example in miniature of all of creation; a specimen is present in man of whatever the world contains.]

Fourth Proof

"O obstinate friend! Come, 1et me show you something still stranger. See, all things and objects in this country have constantly changed and are still changing; they do not remain in one state. Look carefully, and you will notice that the solid bodies and insentiate boxes we see have all taken on the form of an absolute ruler; it is as if every object were ruling over all things. Look at the machine beside us: it appears to be giving orders.* The supplies and materials needed for its equipment and operation are brought swiftly from afar. And look over there: that insentiate body appears to be giving orders; it enrolls the greatest of bodies in its service and employs it in fulfilling its tasks.** Compare other things to these. It is as if everything were subduing all the creatures of the world to its own purposes. If you do not accept the existence of that secret being, then you must assign all the accomplishments, arts and perfections inherent in the stones, the soil, the animals and creatures like man found in the kingdom to those objects themselves. In place of the single miracle-working being that your intelligence rejects, you assume the existence of millions of miraculous beings, which are both similar to each other and dissimilar, which exist within each other and yet must remain in harmonious cooperation. In reality, however, if two hands sought to rule over this realm, disorder would ensue. For if there are two headmen in a village, two governors in a city, two monarchs in a country, confusion will reign. How, then, could any exist beside the infinite and absolute ruler of creation?

[* The machine is an allusion to fruitbearing trees. For such trees prepare, adorn, ripen and offer. to us wondrous leaves, flowers and fruits, as if there were hundreds of workshops and factories installed on their delicate branches. By contrast, stately trees like the pine and the cedar have set up their workshops on barreh stone, and are condemned to working there.

** An allusion to grains, seeds and insect eggs. For example, an insect deposits its eggs on the leaf of an elm. The huge elm then converts its leaves into a womb and a cradle for the eggs, a storehouse full of nourishment like honey. It is as if that tree, while not bearing fruit, is thus enabled to give birth to living fruit.]

Fifth Proof

"O querulous friend! Come, look carefully at the inscriptions of this great palace, regard the adornments of this palace, see the institutions of this city, ponder on the works of art of this world! If there were not at work the pen of this hidden being with infinite and miraculous power and skill, and these inscriptions were attributed to insentiate causes, blind chance or dumb nature, then every stone and every grass in the realm would have to be so miraculous an inscriber, so extraordinary a scribe, as to be able to write a thousand books with one letter, and to compress millions of arts into a single design. Look at the design on the stones: each contains the designs of the whole palace, all the ordinances of the whole city, a11 the institutions of the whole realm.* To make those designs is therefore as wondrous as making the whole country. This being the case, each design and each art is like a proclamation and a seal of that hidden being.

"If a letter cannot do otherwise than demonstrate the existence of its scribe, and an artistic design cannot do other than prove the existence of its designer, how could it be that the one who writes a vast book with a single letter, and elaborates a thousand designs from a single design, should not be known from his own book and design?

[*An allusion to man, the fruit of the tree of creation, and the fruit of his tree, which contains, as if were, an index to his being. For whatever the pen of God's power has written in THC great book of the cosmos, it has also inscribed in summary in the essence of man. Whatever the pen of fate has written in the trunk of the tree, as large as a mountain, it has also inscribed in the fruit of the tree, no bigger than a fingernail.]

Sixth Proof

"Come, let us walk on this broad plain.* In the middle of it a high mountain stands; let us climb it so that we can see the land and all around. Let us take fine telescopes with us to bring everything closer. For strange things are afoot in this strange land. Matters our intellects are unable to comprehend happen hourly. These mountains, plains and cities are suddenly changing, and changing indeed in such a way that millions of complex and intertwined matters change in the most orderly way. Remarkable changes take place that resemble the interweaving of millions of different kinds of cloth. See how all those flowers and plants, dear and familiar to us, have disappeared and been replaced by others resembling them in essence but separate in form. The plain and its mountains are each like a plain on which hundreds and thousands of different books are inscribed, without the Least error or mistake. It is impossible to the hundredth degree that these things should take place of themselves. It is rather impossible to the thousandth degree that these matters, infinitely precise and wondrous, should take place of themselves, for they demonstrate their maker more then themselves. The miracle-working being that brings all this about is of such a nature that no task is difficult for him. To write a thousand books is as easy for him as writing a single letter. In addition to this, look in every direction and see how wisely he places everything in its proper place, generously lavishes on everyone the bounties for which he is fitted, and draws back veils and opens doors in such a beneficent fashion that everyone's desires are fulfilled. He provides a hospitable spread in such a liberal fashion that a bounteous tray is presented to all the creatures and animals of this realm, fit and appropriate to each group, hearing the name and sign of each individual. Is there then anything more impossible in the world than this that all of these matters we observe should be characterized by accident; that they serve no purpose and be without benefit; that many hands should administer them; that their overseeing master should not be empowered over all things; or that all things should not be subjugated to him So, my friend, find an argument against this if you are able!

[*An allusion to the earth's surface during spring and summer. For hundreds of thousands of different classes of creature are brought forth together, intermingled with each other, and inscribed on the face of the earth. they are changed with the utmost orderliness, without any error or deficiency. Thousands of banquets of the Compassionate One are spread out and then gathered up: every tree becomes a servant bearing a tray, every orchard becomes a cauldron filled with cooked food.]

Seventh Proof

"Come now, O friend! Let us leave behind these particulars and examine instead the disposition with respect to each other of the component elements of this wondrous world that has the form of a palace. See how general concerns and universal changes take place with so high a degree of order that all the stones, the soil, the trees, indeed everything to be found in the palace, appear to observe the universal order of the world, as if each were a voluntary agent, and to move in conformity with it. Objects distant from each other hasten to each other's aid; it is as if some wondrous caravan were setting out from the world of the unseen, its mounts resembling trees, plants and mountains, and each of them carrying on its head a tray laden with provisions.* The caravan is bringing provision for the different animals waiting here in this world. Look again, and see that the vast electric lamp in the dome of the heavens not only lights the path of the caravan, but also cooks to perfection the foods that it bears;** it is as if a rope were attached by a hand in the world of the unseen to suspend the food that is to be cooked in the rays of the sun.*** Look yet again, and see how two pumps, filled with delicate nourishment have been set up like springs in the presence of these wretched, weak, feeble and powerless animals;**** it is enough for any powerless creature to place his mouth to one of these pumps.

In short, all the objects of this world aid each other and care for each other. Looking upon each other, they extend their hands to each other. In order to fulfil each others tasks, they strive and labor together, All that exists conforms to this principle; innumerable instances could be cited. Now this proves with the same certainty that twice two is four that all things are submitted to the master designer of this wondrous palace, to the lord of this remarkable world. Everything works for his sake; everything is like an infantryman awaiting his orders; everything turns by his power; everything moves by his command; everything is ordered by his wisdom; everything gives help through his generosity and rushes to offer assistance through his compassion and mercy. Now argue against this, O friend, if you are able!

[*By the caravans are meant the plants and trees that carry provision for all animals.

**An allusion to the sun.

*** By the rope and the food attached to it are meant the delicate branches and delicious fruits of the tree.

**** By the two pumps are meant the breasts of a mother.]

Eighth Proof

"Come, O foolish friend, who imagine yourself wise, as does my own soul! While you do not wish to recognize the master of this stately palace, alt things display him, indicate him and bear witness to him. I-how can you deny the witness of all things Why not deny the palace also, and say, 'There is no world, no kingdom, or even deny yourself and disappear If you do not wish to do that, then collect your senses and listen to me. Now see: there are uniform elements and minerals within this palace, encompassing this kingdom.* It is as if all that is produced in the kingdom were fashioned from those materials. Thus it follows that to the owner of those materials belongs also whatever is fashioned from them. The crops that grow in a field belong to the owner of the field, and whatever is to be found in a lake belongs to the owner of the lake. These woven materials and decorated spun cloth that you see are also made of a single material. It is of a certainty the same person who first furnishes and provides the material and then makes it into thread, for this is not a task admitting joint effort. Therefore all the ingenious textiles woven from this material belong to one person. Then too every kind of cloth that is woven and of object that is fashioned is to be found in every area of the kingdom and is disseminated with the other members of its own species; they are woven or fashioned together and intermingled, in the same fashion and at the same moment. Thus it must all be the work of a single being; all things move in obedience to a single command. For such conformity and concord, in the same fashion and at the same moment, in the same manner and form, would otherwise be impossible. Hence each of these ingenious objects displays that hidden being as if it were a proclamation he had issued. Every embroidered cloth, every ingenious machine, every delicious morsel of food, is like a coin, a seal, an emblem and a device of that hidden being, and proclaims through its very mode of existence, 'The chests and the shops in which I am found being to the one who skilfully made me.' Every design proclaims, 'The roll of cloth on which I am imprinted belongs to the one who embroidered me.' Every delicious morsel of food proclaims, 'The pot that contains me belongs to the one who cooked and prepared me.' Every machine proclaims, 'The one who made me makes also those like unto me that are distributed throughout the whole kingdom; he it is, too, who maintains all of us in every part of the kingdom. Hence he is the owner of this kingdom; and whoever is the owner of this kingdom, this palace, is also our owner.' Similarly, to be the true owner of a single bandoleer or button belonging to the state, it is necessary to own the workshops that produce them; and it is always possible to take away and redistribute the equipment of some boastful auxiliary soldier, reminding him that it is state property.

"In short, the elements of this kingdom are the materials that encompass it. Their owner can be only that single being who owns the whole country. All the ingenious objects disseminated over the face of the kingdom, resembling each other through the single imprint that they bear, demonstrate that they are the work of a being who reigns over all things.

"So, O friend! In this kingdom, this stately palace, there is a sign of unity, and a coin of unity is in circulation. Certain things are one and all- encompassing, while others, although multiple, demonstrate a unity of type through their mutual resemblance and omnipresence. Unity implies a being who is one; and therefore the fashioner, the owner, the master and the maker of that which is characterized by unity must also be one. See how a thick rope is suspended from behind the veil of the unseen, and how thousands of lesser ropes are in turn suspended from it. To the end of each rape has been attached a diamond, a decoration, a gift and a present.** An appropriate gift is offered to everyone. Do you not realize what madness it is not to recognize and give thanks to the being that extends these wondrous gifts and bounties from behind the veil of the unseen? For if you do not recognize him, you will be compelled to say, 'These ropes fashion and present the diamonds and other gifts attached to them themselves.' This will imply that each rope has the rank of a monarch, whereas in reality a hand from the unseen fashions the ropes and attaches the gifts to them in front of our eyes. In short, everything within this palace demonstrates that miraculous being even more than it does its own self. If you do not recognize him, you will fall to a rank a hundred times lower than that of the animals, by your multiple denial of all that the world contains.

[* By the elements and minerals are meant the elements of air, water, light and earth that fulfil their functions in disciplined form, hasten to offer assistance to the needy by their Lord's leave, enter every comer by their Lord's command, produce the necessities of life, suckle a0 living beings, end are the source, origin and cradle of the weave and design of God's creation.

**The thick rope is an allusion to the fruitbearing tree; the thousands of ropes allude to the branches; the diamonds, decorations, gifts and presents attached to them allude to different kinds of flower and species of fruit]

Ninth Proof

"Come, O undiscerning friend! You do not recognize the master of this palace, and do not wish to do so, since you regard his existence as impossible and are misled into denying his miraculous skills and his states by the fact that they transcend comprehension. Now that which is truly improbable, and the cause of real problems, genuine difficulties and awesome hardships, is indeed the failure to recognize him. For if we recognize him, the whole of this palace, this world, will become a place of ease and tranquillity for us; its goods will be cheap and abundant. But if we do not recognize him and he does not exist, then everything within the palace will become, problematic, for everything the palace contains is as complex as the palace itself. Its goods will be neither cheap nor abundant, and indeed nothing of all that we see will be accessible to us or anyone else. Look at the cans of food attached to each rope.* If they were not to come from the hidden and miraculous kitchen of the master of this world, we could not obtain them for a whole fortune, even though now they are to be had for a few coins.

"Yes, improbability, difficulties, problems, catastrophes-all these lie in not recognizing him; indeed it is an utter absurdity not to do so. A tree is given life at its root, in a single center and according to a single law. Thus the formation of thousands of fruits becomes as easy as that of a single fruit. If the fruits of that tree were each to be connected to a separate center and root, according to a separate law, then each fruit would become as complex as the whole tree. So too if the equipment of a whole army comes from a single factory, a single center and according to a single law, it becomes as easy to equip an army as a single soldier. But if the equipment of each soldier were to be manufactured and provided in different places, there would have to be established for each soldier as many factories as are required for the whole army.

"Just as in these two examples, when the creation of all the objects in this well-ordered palace, this perfect city, this flourishing kingdom, this stately world, is assigned to one being, it becomes so easy and light a task that the infinite cheapness, abundance and generosity we observe in this world are the result. Otherwise everything becomes so expensive and difficult of access that nothing could be obtained, even if the whole world's wealth were offered in exchange.

[*The cans of food are an allusion to strength-giving melons, watermelons, pomegranates. milk-filled coconuts and other gifts of God's compassion.]

Tenth Proof

"Come, O friend! You are now beginning to demonstrate some fairness. We have been here now for fifteen days.* If we do not learn the laws of this world and recognize its monarch, we will be deserving of punishment. We no longer have any excuse. For fifteen days none has held us responsible, as if we had been given a period of grace. But we have certainly not been left to our own devices. Finding ourselves surrounded by such delicate, ingenious, symmetrical, subtle and wise fruits of creation, we cannot rampage destructively through them like animals; we are not permitted to do so. The punishment exacted by the majestic king of this realm is bound to be awesome. You may understand how majestic and powerful a being he is by the way in which he orders this vast world like a palace and causes it to revolve like a wheel. He administers this great kingdom like a household, without permitting any deficiency to appear. See how from time to time he fills this palace, this kingdom, this city, with the utmost order, and then empties it with the utmost wisdom, just as if he were filling and emptying a cup. From one end of the kingdom to the other, different fruits are brought forth in turn to be eaten, as if different kinds of spread were being laid and then removed by a hand from the unseen, just like the spreading out and gathering up of a tablecloth.** He gathers up one and then brings out another; this you can see, and understand then, if you have any sense, that an infinitely bounteous generosity is contained within that awesome majesty. See too that just as all things bear witness to the sovereignty and unity of that unseen being, so too all the changes and transformations that succeed each other like an unending series of caravans and emerge from behind the veil that is continually opening and closing, also bear witness to his permanence and eternity. For together with all things that pass away the causes that produced them also vanish.

"But after they have departed, those things we had attributed to them are repeated. Therefore the effects we observed are not theirs, but rather of one who does not pass away. The bubbles on the surface of a river depart, but the new bubbles that come after them shine in the same way. Thus we conclude that the one who causes them to .shine is an exalted and eternal possessor of light. So too the swift changing of all things and the taking on of the same color by succeeding phenomena may be understood as the manifestation, the design and the mirror of a single and eternal being.

[*Fifteen days is an allusion to fifteen, the age of legal responsibility.

**The tablecloth is an allusion to the face of the earth in summertime, when hundreds of fresh and separate banquets are brought forth from the kitchen of Compassion. Every orchard becomes a cauldron, every tree a servant bearing a tray.]

Eleventh Proof

"Come, O friend! I will show you now a further decisive proof, as convincing as the ten preceding ones combined. Come, let us board a ship; there is an island in the distance, which is our destination, for the keys to our talismanic world are to be found there.* Everyone's attention and expectations are focused on that island, and everyone takes instruction from it. We travel to the island and disembark. See the great gathering here. All the dignitaries of the realm are assembled for an important ceremony. Look carefully, and you will see that this great gathering has a leader presiding over it. Let us go closer and make his acquaintance. See what luminous decorations he has, more than a thousand in number!** How powerfully and convincingly he speaks! How pleasingly he discourses! In the course of the past fifteen days, I have learned a part of what he is saying. Now learn it from me. See, he is discussing the miraculous sovereign of this country. He says that that glorious monarch has sent him, and he displays such wonders as to Leave no doubt that he is a chosen servant and envoy of the monarch. Be attentive, and you will see that it is not only the creatures of the island that are listening to his words; he is conveying them in a miraculous fashion to the whole of the kingdom. For everyone is straining to hear from afar the words spoken here. Not only men, but animals too are listening; even the mountains are heeding the commands he proclaims, for they remain immobile in place, and the trees go wheresoever he commands. He brings forth water wherever he pleases, and he makes of his finger a fountain from which the water of Paradise gushes forth, and gives men to drink of the water of Life. The lamp in the lofty dome of this palace is split into two at his command.*** All this shows that all the beings in the kingdom recognize his mission. As if knowing him to be the chosen and veracious spokesman of a hidden and miraculous being, the herald of his sovereignty, the uncoverer of his talisman and the messenger entrusted with the promulgation of his commands, they hear and obey him. Every word that he speaks evokes acceptance from all reasonable beings around him and exclamations that 'Yes, yes, it is true!' Indeed, the mountains and trees of the kingdom, and the great lamp that illumines all kingdoms,**** each bows it: head before the commands and orders of that person and confesses, 'Yes, all that you say is true.'

"So O distraught friend! Is it possible that there should be any kind of error or crookedness in the mention of miraculous being, the description of his attributes and the promulgation of his commands, made with all of his strength by that luminous, dignified and most earnest of men, adorned with a thousand decorations from the treasury of that monarch and verified by all the dignitaries of the kingdom If any untruth should be possible here, then one would have to deny the palace, the lamp, and the gathering of dignitaries, and reject both their material existence and their inward essences. Now raise the finger of objection, if you are able, and see how your finger, broken by the power of proof, will instead be thrust into your eye!

[*The ship is an allusion to history, and the island to the blessed age of the Prophet, upon whom be peace and blessings. From the dark shore of this age, laying off the garment in which we have been clothed by this savage civilization, we may enter the sea of time, and embarking on the ship of history and narrative, depart for the island of the Blessed Age and the Arabian peninsula, there to visit the Pride of the World, upon whom be peace and blessings, while engaged in his work. That exalted one is so brilliant a proof of the Divine unity that he has illumined the face of the earth from end to end, as well as past and future, the two faces of time, and dispelled the darkness of misbelieve and misguidance.

** The thousand decorations are the miracles of the Prophet, upon whom be peace, a thousand in number according to those who have investigated the matter.

*** The lamp is the moon, which split into two upon his command. As Maulana Jami said, 'That unlettered one, unable to write, inscribed an alif on the page of the heavens with the pen of his finger; he made of a forty two fifties." That is, the moon before being split resembled the letter mim which has the numerical value of forty; after being split, it became two crescent moons, each resembling the letter nun, which has the numerical value of fifty.

**** The great lamp is an allusion to the sun. Once the Prophet, upon whom be peace, was asleep in the arms of Imam Ali, may God be pleased with him, and hence Imam Ali was unable to perform the midafternoon prayer. But the earth turned back from the east, east that the sun became visible again, and Imam Ali was enabled by that miracle to perform his midafternoon prayer.]

Twelfth Proof

"Come, brother! Now that you are beginning to show a little more sense, I will show you one more proof, as powerful as the eleven that have preceded it. Look at the luminous edict that has descended from on high and at which everyone gazes with the utmost attention, on account of admiration and respect!* That envoy adorned with a thousand decorations stands beside the edict and proclaims its meaning to the totality of mankind. The expressions in the edict shine in such a fashion that they attract the admiring gaze of everyone, and it treats such grave and important matters that everyone is compelled to listen. For it proclaims one by one the states, acts, commands and attributes of the being that administers this realm, that fashions this palace, that manifests these wonders. Just as the total form of the edict is like a supreme seal or device, and in the same way that in each of its lines and sentences there is an inimitable sign and signature, the unique seal of that being may also be seen imprinted on all the meanings, truths, commands and fragments of wisdom that the edict contains.

"In short, that supreme decree demonstrates the Supreme Being, just like the sun; anyone who is not blind may open his eyes and see it.

"So O friend! If you have come to your senses, his should be enough. But if you have anything left to say, then say it."

That obstinate man replied: "Faced with these proofs you have brought, all I can say is, 'Praise be to God, I believe.' I have come to believe in a fashion as bright as the sun and as clear as the day, and I accept that this kingdom has only one Perfect King, this world has only one Glorious Master, this palace has only one Beauteous Maker. May God reward you for delivering me from my former obstinacy and aberration. Each of the proofs that you mentioned was enough to prove this truth by itself. But I listened to each proof as it came in succession, in the expectation of more lucent and luminous, more pleasing and perfect, layers of knowledge as the veils of cognition were drawn back, and the windows of love thrown open."

Our parable demonstrating the supreme truth of the Divine unity and the faith that is implied in saying "I believe in God" is now complete.

[*The luminous edict is the Qur'an, and the seal or device that it bears is its miraculous inimitability.]

Is there any argument left for God's existence??? If so say it and I will try to find that out for you.

No one has the right to expel anyone out of Islam and to consider him/her unbeliever (or Kafir) so far as:

• he/she witness that there is no god Except one God (Allah), who has no partners, and that Muhammad is his messenger and prophet
• he/she doesn't deny intentionally any of the five pillars of Islam

As for Sunnis and Shiites, they, both, believe that there is no god except the one and only one God, the Creator with no partner, no father, no son, no companion, and no resemblance, and that the prophet is His messenger. They both believe in God's Angels, all Prophets sent from God, all of God's holy book, the Day of Judgment, and destiny. They believe in the five Pillars of Islam. They both face the direction of Kaaba when praying. They pray in any mosque regardless of whether the prayer leader is Sunni or Shi'ite. They may differ in some minor details of rituals but these details are not critical to neither the Shiites nor the Sunnis.

The major difference is historical. The Shiites did not agree on the elected Caliphs (who followed Prophet Muhammad after his death). They believed that the Caliphs should only be selected by God according to Koran and prophet has said all Caliphs after him are within Prophet Muhammad descendants and family. Accordingly, they were supporting Ali Ibn about Taleb (Prophet cousin and the husband of prophet's daughter Fatima Zahra) to be the first Caliph. they did protest against the elected Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Omar, and Othman). Ali supported and helped Caliphs and was adviser to the three Caliphs until he was elected as the fourth Caliph.

However, some Shiites (not all) have some minor practices and habits that do not go along with Islam's teachings, such as beating one's self on the day of Ashura (Qatl-un-Nafs, a major sin) and creating pictures of Hassan and Hussein. Some other Shiites (not all of them) wrongly (and against Islamic teachings) elevate Ali (RA) over the Prophet (S) and/or believe that Allah has the same powers as the Imams. they were called AliAllahi that Ali storngly opposed them and threaten them to burn them. Some other Shiites (as well as some other Sunnis) ask the deceased descendants of the Prophet Muhammad (S) for things as mediators to Allah according verse 5:35 of Koran saying seek the means of approach unto Him (Allah). These wrong practices, by either Shiites or Sunnis, are called Bid'ah (innovation in English) and is said that 'kulli bid'atin dalalatin, WA kulli dalalatin fin-nar' (in English: Each innovation is misguidance, and each misguidance will be in the hell fire). However, the basic Islam beliefs remain the same for both Sunnis and Shiites.

A majority of the Muslims are Sunnis. Sunnis constitute about 80% of all world Muslims. Shiites are majority mainly in Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, and some parts of Pakistan.

The major difference comes in following the Hadith (Sermons of the Prophet). Since both the groups had their own historians, there were contradicting facts between the individual books. The Sunni's believe in the Quran and the Sunnah (Hadith) whereas Shia's believe in the Quran, Sunnah and the Ahlalbayt (Prophet's Family). After the death of the Prophet, the two major sects were formed, one who followed Abu Bakr as Siddique and the other who followed Ali ibn Abi Talib. The major argument between the groups was that the Prophet had already chosen a successor in the place called Ghadeer al-Khum, which was Ali, and that, the future 2nd Caliphate bore witness and allegiance to him. But after Prophet's death, it was argued that a successor wasn't chosen and that the Muslim's had the right to chose the successor and thus Abu Bakr was chosen by the Muslims. However, the events leading to the succession led to a forming of groups. Some of the questions asked by the people were: Was it right to choose a successor if a successor was already chosen; was it morally right to choose a successor soon after the demise of the Prophet, choosing to be absent from his funeral to be able to select the successor; Was it right to have the elections withing close doors, without representing the major parties to the election (Ali being absent from elections as he was attending the funeral), and was it right to let just the elite and nobles to choose without the proper voting from the general public of the Arab World? Another question that came later on was that if successor is chosen by the people and thus Abu Bakr was chosen as the successor by the people, why was Omal al-Khattab chosen as successor by Abu Bakr, why didn't he let the people choose him if that's according to the Islamic tradition? These were some of the question that were raised at that time.

However, according to the main difference, Sunni's emphasize more on the companion of the Prophet for his way of living whereas Shia's emphasize on the Prophet's family (Ahlalbayt) for relying on the Prophet's life. The Shia's believe that the 12 Imams (descendants of the Prophet) were infallible, that is pure from sins, based on the hadith of the Prophet, and have lived life according to the way the Prophet led his life.

More details from Shiites view

Shia and Sunni have mainly conflict on Imamat (leadership).

shia say Imamat is one of 5 pillars of Islam and only God can select leader for people. but sunni say Imamat is not part of Islam and leader can be selected by people by any method like shura (for example for Abubakr) or by will of previous leader for example for Omar) or by people (for example for Ali).

the conflict of shia and sunni has been always amplified by world Imperialism to prevent Islam from spreading in world.

Shia believes in Allah, prophet and all fundamentals of Islam.

Shia pray 5 times a day but usually do the 2, 3 and 4, 5 pray together and so may seem they do only 3 pray a day. there is some differences in details of pray like genuflect (for shia should be on a stone or part of earth and for sunni on carpet or floor ).

shia believe after death of prophet God selected the successive for prophet who is the political leader of Muslim community and people can not and does not the right to selected it.

shia refers to many verse of Quran like: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority" (Quran 2:30) or "O David! We did indeed make thee a vicegerent on earth" (Quran 38:26) also other verses.

Shia believes such verses means only God can select an Islamic political leader (Caliph) and there is no mention in Quran people have the right to select leader. and shura is not allowed to be used for selecting leader and prophet himself always selected leaders of wars and other leaders by command of God.

In Shia Islam Caliphs after prophet are 12 infallible Imams who have inherited divine knowledge of prophet.

Shia Muslims do not consider selection of Abubakr as Caliph by people valid because God did not select him. They believe God ordered prophet to declare people that Ali is selected as successor of prophet and prophet did this mission many times during his prophet-hood and mainly in Ghadir event after last Hajj of his life at a 3-4 hour speech in front of 120,000 Muslims at Ghadir in hot desert after 2 days stop of long caravan for gathering and 3 days after speech for congratulations and homage of Muslims to Ali.

Islam at that time had high power in world and Some companions had high interest in leadership position after prophet. Muslims knew that it is the final Hajj of prophet (predicted by prophet) and were going along with prophet to hear what prophet says at end of his life.

Shia believes Ghadir event is the most important event of Islam and is mentioned in Koran in many verses like "Today" (اليوم) in verse 5:3 of Quran is the day of Ghadir. Or Verse 5:67: "(O Messenger! proclaim the (message) which hath been sent to thee from thy Lord. If thou didst not, thou wouldst not have fulfilled and proclaimed His mission. And Allah will defend thee from men (who mean mischief). For Allah guide not those who reject Faith)" is revealed at Ghadir day and is about declaring political and spiritual leadership of Ali S.A. after prophet.

Both Sunni and Shia Muslims accept happening of Ghadir event But different interpret. Some Sunni writers tried to reject the event of Ghadir as declare of leadership of Ali S.A. and said at Ghadir prophet only wanted to say Ali S.A. is my friend and no one should bother him.

Ali S.A. had 3 different missions to Yemen by prophet during 10 years and in 2 of them some companions of prophet had some conflicts with Ali S.A. and prophet said some sayings about Ali S.A. to solve conflicts and some sunni writers have mixed stories of missions of Ali S.A. to Yemen with story of Ghadir to prove Ghadir event is not about Leadership of Ali and is not important.

Shia scholars believe some Sunni writers who were related to Kings have changed and deviated historical evidences about political leadership of Ali S.A. in old historical books and republished them to destroy evidences of leadership of Ali from old Sunni books.

The famous Shia book Al-Ghadir (الغدير) by Allameh Amini is a collection of evidences and proofs for Ghadir Events written all from sunni historical books by referring to 100,000 Sunni books and full reading of 10,000 sunni books. Allameh Amini is a famous Shia scholar and spent 40 years of his life in traveling to access original old Sunni books in libraries in different countries to write this 20 volume book only from Sunni books and not using any Shia book. Some Sunni scholars tried to reply this book but then said if we want to reply this book we should first destroy all sunni books.

Shia doctrine have root in Battle Karbala.

When tragedy of Karbala happened most of Iranians understood there is two different interpret of Islam that both can not be true. so most of Iranians became shia and followers of "Ahl al-Bayt" and forgive their lives for them like what they did in Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War.

Shia Muslims have at least 120,000 Hadith (saying) from The Fourteen Infallibles that is the base of Shia Islam along with Quran.

Shia believes according to " Hadith of the two weighty things" The Fourteen Infallible are the only valid interpreters of Quran and sayings of them are from God because they are Representative of God in earth and they have inherited divine knowledge of prophet.

Shia believes 12th of them (Imam Mahdi S.A.) is alive and because people have killed all 11 Imams before him, he is in occultation like Jesus S.A. and will rise with Jesus S.A. when people become ready and want to accept his leadership. All 11 Imams have been killed and during their life they all have been in prison or under hard control of government to not have any political activity.

They never had enough serious followers to can get political power. Among them only the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq was relatively free (for transition of power between Umayyads and Abbasids) to have only scientific activities and so only he is known in west because he established university and had students from all over the world. Westerns know him as a polymath: an astronomer, alchemist, Imam, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, writer, philosopher, physician, physicist and scientist. He was also the teacher of the famous chemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and of Abū Ḥanīfa, the founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He never wanted be a famous man and only shared his knowledge with seekers of knowledge. Some researchers consider his teachings the root cause of renaissance.

Sunni Muslims also accept Mahdi and his worldwide leadership as Caliph of God in earth at end of world. There is a famous Hadith from prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that Mahdi at occultation is like sun behind cloud, he is hidden from people but people receive his benefits.

Shia Muslims say some faithful believers have connection with Mahdi and use his knowledge and at least 1000 persons have had connection and talk with Mahdi during his occultation but Any one having relation with Mahdi S.A. should keep it secret and does not declare it in public until death.

However, Sunnis and Shiites are just two Islamic schools that differ in minor issues.The outsiders are trying to feed up assumed differences and conflicts between Muslim groups to gain control on Muslim countries and on their resources. The two main groups are Sunnis and Shiites. Both groups agree upon basic Islam pillars, believe in same and only version of Quran, believe and follow the sunnah of same prophet (PBUH), pray to same direction (facing Kaba in Makkah or Mecca in Saudi Arabia, go to same places on pilgrimage (or Hajj), and adhere to same Islam morals and ritual worships. They only differ on some side issues that are not critical.

Answer 4

While the differences between Sunnis and Shiites began simply as the political dispute over who the successor to Mohammed would be, over time, more and more distinctions developed between the two groups (without Western intervention - if I may add):

Imamat or Leadership: Shiites and Sunnis mainly have a conflict on Imamat (leadership).

Sunnis, the majority, believe that the first four caliphs, Mohammed's successors, rightfully took his place as the leaders of Islam. They recognize the heirs of the four caliphs as legitimate religious leaders. These heirs ruled continuously in the Arab world until the break-up of the Ottoman Empire following the end of the First World War.

The Shiites say that Imamat is one of the 5 pillars of Islam and only God can select a leader for people whereas the Sunnis say Imamat is not part of Islam and the leader can be selected by people by any method they propose, including Shura - High-Level Elections (for example for Abu Bakr) or by will of previous leader (for example for Omar) or by people (for example for Ali) provided he is capable of performing the job. Shiites believe after death of Mohammed, God selected the prophet's successor who should be the political leader of Muslim community and people cannot and do not have the right to select such an individual.

Self-Identification: Sunni Muslims agree with the position taken by many of the Prophet's companions, that the new leader of the Umma (Islamic Community) should be elected from among those capable of the job. This is what was done, and Mohammed's close friend and advisor, Abu Bakr, became the first Caliph of the Islamic nation. The word "Sunni" in Arabic comes from a word meaning "one who follows the traditions [of the Prophet]."

The word "Shiite" in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. The commonly-known term is shortened from the historical "Shia-t-Ali," or "the Party of Ali." They are also known as followers of "Ahl-al-Bayt" or "People of the Household" (of the Prophet).

Prayer Styles: Shiites pray five times a day just like Sunnis but usually do the second and third prayers and fourth and fifth prayers together. Thus, it may seem they do only three prayers a day. There are some differences in details of prayer like genuflecting (for Shiite should be on a stone or part of earth and for the Sunnis it should be on carpet or floor).

Doctrines of Karbala: Shiite doctrines have their roots in Battle Karbala.

When tragedy of Karbala happened most of Iranians understood that there were two different interpretations of Islam that could not both be true. So, most of Iranians became Shiites and followers of "Ahl al-Bayt".

Hadith Collections: Shiite Muslims have at least 120,000 Hadith (sayings) from The Fourteen Infallible Imams (who came after Mohammed) that form the base of Shiite Islam along with Qur'an. Sunni Hadith collections are much smaller as they do not contain volumes from people who lived after the Prophet. Sunni collections also differ based on the School of Sunni Islam. Abu-Hanifa, Ibn Hanbal, Ash-Shafi'i, and Ibn Annas of the Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafi'i, and Maliki Schools each have their own collections.

The Imams and Infallibles: Sunnis do not believe in any of the following. Shiites believe according to "Hadith of the two weighty things" that the Fourteen Infallible Imams are the only valid interpreters of Quran and their sayings come directly from God because they are Representatives of God on earth and they have inherited divine knowledge of prophet. These individuals are the 12 Imams, the Prophet and his daughter Fatimah Zahra. All of them are without impurity and have no mistake and have knowledge of everything. (This knowledge is from God according to His will and is not absolute knowledge. Absolute knowledge is only for God and they still do not know many things, but they know anything a human may need to know.) They never died and they hear all sayings and even thoughts of all humans after their death by permission of God. They are intermediates between God and human.

Shiites do not accept that the Imam is to be only a political leader but they believe that they are literally 'manifestations of God', they are sinless, infallible and the bringers of true understanding to all humanity. They are referred to within the Shiite tradition as being masum, that is, free from error or sin.

Shiites believe that the 12th Imam (Imam Mahdi) is alive. Because people have killed all 11 Imams before him, he is in hiding like Jesus and will rise with Jesus when people become ready and want to accept his leadership. All 11 Imams have been killed and during their life they all have been in prison or under hard control of government to avoid them having any political activity.

They never had enough serious followers to allow them to attain political power. Among them only the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq was relatively free on account of the freedom afforded during the transition of power between the Umayyads and Abbassids. He is primarily known in the West to have taken part in scientific activities, established a university, and had students from all over the world. Westerners know him as a polymath: an astronomer, alchemist, Imam, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, writer, philosopher, physician, physicist and scientist. He was also the teacher of the famous chemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and of Abū Ḥanīfa, the founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He never wanted be a famous man and only shared his knowledge with those who sought knowledge. Some researchers consider his teachings the root cause of the Renaissance.

Positions on the Mahdi: The Mahdi, according to Shiites, will bring about the Kingdom of God on Earth after an apocalyptic battle between the forces of Islam (those who believe in God) and the rest of the world. Sunni Muslims also accept Mahdi and his worldwide leadership as Caliph of God on Earth at end of world, but do not accept the Shiite teaching that this person is the twelfth Imam. There is a famous Hadith from Mohammed that the Mahdi in hiding is like sun behind cloud, he is hidden from people but people receive his benefits.

Shiite Muslims say some faithful believers have a connection with Mahdi and use his knowledge. At least 1000 persons have claimed to have had a connection and conversation with Mahdi during his period of hiding, but anyone who may have a relation with Mahdi should keep it secret and not declare it in public until death.

Seafood Consumption: Most schools of Sunni Islam permit the eating of any form of seafood. Shiites prohibit the consumption of any seafood which does not accord with the Old Testament requirement of having "fins and scales".

Some think that the splitting between Suniis and Shiites is due to conflict on Imamat. shia Muslims say Imamat is one pillar of Islam and leader can be selected only by God and sunni say Imamt is not part of Islam and leader can be selected by any method like shura or will of past Caliph (like for Omar).

Shia and Sunni have mostly same beliefs and both believe in fundamental beliefs of Islam. Today there is up to 260 sects in Islam that are in two main categories of shia and sunni.

the conflict of shia and sunni has been always amplified by world Imperialism to prevent Islam from gaining power.

Shia believes in Allah, prophet and all fundamentals of Islam.

Shia pray 5 times a day but usually do the 2, 3 and 4, 5 pray together and so may seem they do only 3 pray a day. there is some differences in details of pray like genuflect (for shia should be on a stone or part of earth and for sunni on carpet or floor ).

shia believes Imamat is one of five pillars of Islam and leader can be selected only by God. shia believe after death of prophet God selected the successive for prophet who is the political leader of Muslim community and people can not and does not the right to selected it.

Shia believes the Caliph (Representative of God in earth) is selected only by God and can not be selected by people because God said in Koran: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority" (Quran 2:30) or "O David! We did indeed make thee a vicegerent on earth" (Quran 38:26) also other verses.

Shia believes such verses means only God can select an Islamic political leader (Caliph).

In Shia Islam Caliphs after prophet are 12 Imams and all of them are the same and have no mistake and have the knowledge of everything (not absolute knowledge like knowledge of God) and they hear all sayings and even thinks of all humans after even after their death by permission of God and they are intermediates between God and human Shia Muslims always support them and forgive their lives for them.

Shia Muslims do not consider selection of Abubakr as Caliph by people valid because God did not select him. They believe God ordered prophet to declare people that Ali is selected as successor of prophet and prophet did this mission many times during his prophet-hood and mainly in Ghadir event after last Hajj of his life at a 3-4 hour speech in front of 120,000 Muslims at Ghadir in hot desert after 2 days stop of long caravan for gathering and 3 days after speech for congratulations and homage of Muslims to Ali. Islam at that time had high power in world and Some companions had high interest in leadership position after prophet. Muslims knew that it is the final Hajj of prophet (predicted by prophet) and were going along with prophet to hear what prophet says at end of his life. Shia believes Ghadir event is the most important event of Islam and is mentioned in Koran in many verses like "Today" (اليوم) in verse 5:3 of Quran is the day of Ghadir. Or Verse 5:67 (O Messenger! proclaim the (message) which hath been sent to thee from thy Lord. If thou didst not, thou wouldst not have fulfilled and proclaimed His mission. And Allah will defend thee from men (who mean mischief). For Allah guideth not those who reject Faith) is revealed at Ghadir day and is about declaring political leadership of Ali after prophet.

Both Sunni and Shia Muslims accept happening of Ghadir event But different interpret. Some Sunni writers tried to reject the event of Ghadir as declare of leadership of Ali and said at Ghadir prophet only wanted to say Ali is my friend and no one should bother him. Ali had 3 different missions to Yemen by prophet during 10 years and in 2 of them some companions of prophet had some conflicts with Ali and and prophet said some sayings about Ali to solve conflicts and some sunni writers have mixed stories of missions of Ali to Yemen with story of Ghadir to prove Ghadir event is not about Leadership of Ali and is not important.

Shia scholars believe some Sunni writers have changed and deviated historical evidences about political leadership of Ali in old historical books and republished them to destroy evidences of leadership of Ali from old Sunni books.

The famous Shia book Al-Ghadir (الغدير) by Allameh Amini is a collection of evidences and proofs for Ghadir Events written after referring to 100,000 Sunni books and full reading of 10,000 sunny books. Allameh Amini is a famous Shia scholar and spent 40 years of his life in travelling to access original old Sunni books in libraries in different countries to write this 20 volume book only from Sunni books and not using any Shia book. Some Sunni scholars tried to reply this book but then said if we want to reply this book we should first destroy all books of ourselves.

Shia doctrine have root in Karbala tragedy. When tragedy of Karbala happened most of Iranians understood there is two different kinds of Islam and after happening of Karbala tragedy most of Iranians became followers of "Ahl al-Bayt" and forgive their lives for them like what they did in Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War. Shia Muslims have at least 120,000 Hadith (saying) from The Fourteen Infallibles that is the base of Shia Islam along with Quran. Shia believes according to " Hadith of the two weighty things" The Fourteen Infallibles are the only valid interpreters of Quran and sayings of them are from God because they are Representative of God in earth and they do not say anything from themselves. Shia believes 12th of them (Mahdi) is alive and because people have killed all 11 Imams before him, he is in hide like Jesus and will come out of hide toghether with Jesus when people become ready and want to accept his leadership. All 11 Imams have been killed and during their life thy all have been in prison or under hard control of government to not have any political action. They never had enough serious followers to can get political power. Among them only the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq was relatively free in his life to have only scientific activities (but banned from any political action) and so only he is known in west because he established university and had students from all over the world. Westerns know him as a polymath: an astronomer, alchemist, Imam, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, writer, philosopher, physician, physicist and scientist. He was also the teacher of the famous chemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and of Abū Ḥanīfa, the founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He never wanted be a famous man and only shared his knowledge with who wanted to learn. Some researchers consider his teachings the root cause of renaissance.

Sunni Muslims also accept Mahdi and his worldwide leadership as Caliph of God in earth at end of world. There is a famous Hadith from prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that Mahdi at hide is like sun behind cloud, he is hidden from people but people receive his benefits. Shia Muslims say some faithful believers have connection with Mahdi and use his knowledge. Shia Muslims believe that it is proved at least 1000 persons have had connection and talk with Mahdi during his hide period but Any one having relation with Mahdi keep it and does not declare it in public until is alive.

• Despite the differences mentioned above. It is to be recognized the differences between Sunnis and Shiites never been as the differences between the Catholics and the Orthodox and the Protestant or other Christian denominations.

• Neiher the Sunnis have the right to expel any Shiite out of true Islam nor the Shiites have the right expel any Sunni out of true Islam so far:

• he/she witness that there is no god Except one God (Allah), who has no partner, no son, no father, no companion, no associate, and no equivalence and he/she witness that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is God prophet and messenger to whom God revealed the holy book Qur'an through the angel Jibril (or Gabriel), and
• he/she doesn't deny intentionally any of the basic five pillars of Islam as instructed by prophet Muhammad; peace be upon him; even if they added other pillars to them.

As for Sunnis and Shiites, they, both:

• believe that there is no god except the one and only one God, the Creator with no partner, no father, no son, no companion, and no resemblance, and that the prophet is His messenger.
• believe in God's Angels, all Prophets sent from God, all of God's holy books, the Day of Judgment, and destiny.
• believe in the five Pillars of Islam.
• face the direction of Kaaba when praying.
• pray in any mosque regardless of whether the prayer leader is Sunni or Shi'ite. They may differ in some minor details of rituals but these details are not critical to neither the Shiites nor the Sunnis.

All Muslims; although differ in minor side issues; are one unity and will never follow the exterior plans of the non Muslims who try their best to create conflicts among them to have stronger control on their mineral and energy resources and to brig them under their will and directions.

shiah believed in five principles such as prophecy , divine unity , ressurrection , imamah or successors of the prophet and divine justice . it is only in the imamah and divine justice that shia and sunni differ . in the question of the imamate , it is the insistence on the esoteric function of the imam that distinguishes the shiite perspective from the sunni .

in the question of justice it is the emphasis upon this attribute as an intrinsic quality of the divine nature that is particular to shiism . we might say that in the esoteric formulation of Sunni theology,especially as contained in Ash arism , there is an emphasis upon the will of God.whatever god will is just precisely because it is willed by god . and intelligence is a sense subordinated to this will and to the voluntarism which characterizes this form of theology.

in shiism the quality of justice is considered as innate to the divine nature .god cannot act in an unjust manner because it is his nature to be just .fa , him to be unjust would violate his own nature , Which is impossible .intelligence can judge the justness and unjustness of an act and this judgment is not completely suspended in favor of a pure voluntarism on the part of god . hence there is a greater emphasis upon intelligence in shiite theology and great enphasis upon will in scorn kalam ,or theology , at least in predominant asharite school .

shiism also differs sunnusm in its consideration of the means whereby the original message of the Quranic revelation reached the islamic community and thereby in certain aspects of the sacred history of Islam .there is no disagreement on the Quran and the prophet ., that is , on what constitutes the origin of the islamic religion .the difference in view begins in the period immediately following the death of the prophet .one might say that the personality of the prophet contained two dimensions which later to become crystallized into Sunnism and Shiism .each of these two schools was later to reflect back upon the life and the personality of the prophet solely from its own point of view ,thus living aside and forgetting and misconstruing the other dimension ecluded from its own perspective .for shiism the dry(in the alchemical sense) and austere aspect of the prophets personality as reflected in his successors in the Sunni world was equated with worldliness while his warm and compassionate dimension was emphasized as his whole personality and as the essence of the nature of the immams who were considered to be a continuation of him .for the vast majority of the islamic community the companions of the prophet represent the prophet's heritage and the channel through which his messge was transmitted to later generations .within the early community the companions occupied a favored position and among them the first four caliphs stood out as a distinct group .it is through the companions that the saying( Hadith ) and the manner of the living ( sunnah )of the prophet were transmited to the second generations of Muslims . shiism however concentrating on the question of the wilayah and insisting on the esoteric content of the prophetic message , saw in the Ali and the household of the prophet (ahi al -bayt),in its shiiate sense the sole channel through which the original message og islam was transmitted , although , paradoxically enough the majorty of descendants of the prophet beong to Sunnism and continue to do so untill today