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Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of military engagements between the ascendant Roman Republic and the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, in what is now Tunisia. The Wars were notable for the Carthaginian General Hannibal's Crossing over the Alps with elephants in the Second Punic War and for Rome's complete razing of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
591 Questions
Information on battle of Cannae where Hannibal Barca defeated the Romans?
Please see our two articles in The International Journal of the Humanities: Mosig, Yozan D. and Imene Belhassen (2006), "Revision and Reconstruction in the Punic Wars: Cannae Revisited" and Mosig, Yozan D. and Imene Belhassen (2007), "Revision and Reconstruction in the Second Punic War: Zama--Whose Victory?" Although the first article details the reasons for Hannibal's victory as well as why he did not immediately march on Rome in the aftermath, the second paper (just published) offers a comparison of the battles of Cannae and Zama with additional information. Best wishes for 2008!
How did the Punic Wars affect the mindset of the Romans?
During the First Punic War the Romans, who hardly had a navy to speak of, built a fleet which matched the mighty navy of the Carthaginians in size, but not in skills. By the end of the war they had gained enough experience to match the skills of the Carthaginians. Moreover, a result of the war, Rome gained the territories of the Carthaginians in western Sicily and the Greek city of Syracuse, the main power in the east and south of the island, and a major naval force, was her ally. Soon after the war Rome seized the islands of Corsica and Sardinia from Carthage. The Romans developed a maritime outlook they did not have before. During the Second Punic War the Roman fleet demonstrated that it was superior to that of Carthage and that it was the master of the waves in the western Mediterranean.
The result of the Second Punic War was that the Romans developed a deep hatred and suspiciousness towards Carthage. The hatred was because Hannibal had ravaged and devastated large areas of Italy and caused massive amounts of causalities among the Romans and their Italian allies. There were suspicions about Carthage trying to become a big military power again and a renewed threat to Rome.
The aim of the Third Punic War was was to destroy Carthage because this is what the war part wanted (not all Romans wanted this). Cato the Elder ended every speech in the senate by saying ""Furthermore I consider that Carthage must be destroyed."
Some aristocrats regretted the end of the Second Punic War because they through that the war had awakened the Romans from their slumber and rekindled their hardiness and tenacious fighting spirit.
What sea were the punic wars fought over?
Most of the naval battles of the Punic Wars were fought over the Mediterranean Sea, although that was not what the War was fought over. The war was fought over places like Corsica and Sardinia, and Spain.
Did Rome lose or gain power after the Punic Wars?
It gained control of the Western Mediterranean and a foothold in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Which was the decisive battle of the second punic war?
The Battle of Zama in 202 BC resulted in the defeat of Hannibal and the final victory of Rome.
How many miles did Hannibal and his army travel after they landed in Spain?
Hannibal did not land in Spain. It was his father who landed in Spain and conquered southern Spain
How long was the extent of Roman rule after the Punic Wars?
The Western Empire lasted until taken over by the Goths in 376 CE. The Eastern Empire lasted until taken over by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE.
What did hannibal bring with him to attack Rome?
Hannibal brought a knife to attack Rome. This is from a love story.
What statement describes how the Punic Wars contributed to the development of the Roman Empire?
After eliminating rival Carthage, Rome gained control of the Western Mediterranean and was launched into the Eastern Mediterranean.
The results of all Punic Wars?
Rome won all three wars, and after the third one enslaved the people and destroyed the city to put an end to the rivalry between the cities. This left Rome dominant in the western Mediterranean.
Why did the rome fight the punic wars?
Rome, as a minor power until the 3rd Century BCE, had been happy to have Carthage as an intermittent ally as it had a powerful war fleet, which Rome did not. This was particulalry so during the war with King Pyhrrus of Epirus when the latter invaded Italy and Sicily.
After Pyrhrrus had been seen off, it came back to the separate ambitions of both Rome and Carthage. Rome spread its influence through the Italian peninsula, and was invited by Greek cities in Sicily to help in resisting Carthaginian takeover of the island. Carthage also was extending its influence along the Spanish coast.
The first Punic (Carthagininian) War was fought between Rome and Carthage to resolve this competition. The second was an inevitable result of Rome's continued rise as a power and expansion along the western Mediterranean coast, resulting in first Hannibal's invasion of Italy and then Rome's counter-invasion of North Africa and the defeat of Carthage.
After that defeat, Rome imposed crippling financial payments on Carhtage, designed to keep it impotent for 50 years, as Carthage had relied on mercenary forces. Carthage was such a good trader that it paid off the debt within 10 years, so Rome encouraged its allied North African kings to attack Carthage, declared Carthage's defence against them as an attack on its allies, and destroyed the city to get rid of a dangerous competitor forever.
What was the strategic and vital North African port captured by Rome at the end of the Punic Wars?
Carthage.
What caused farmers to lose their jobs after the Punic Wars?
Before the reforms of Gaius Marius, the Roman army was organized sort of like a militia. When mustering for war, male citizens of fighting age were required to pay for their own equipment, and then go off to fight. The soldiers were paid, but it wasn't much, and their food and supplies were deducted from their pay. Thus, it was important for the army to win- if the army won, they could take slaves and valuables from their vanquished foes.
While the men were gone, it was difficult for the women, children, and elderly to continue maintaining the farms on their own. The men were gone for so long- or were killed, like in the horrendous massacre at Cannae- and the farm would go bankrupt. Thus the poorer farmers were forced to sell their land to wealthy landowners who would then use slaves to run the farm. This type of large scale, slave-run farm is called a "latifundus", which is basically Latin for "huge farm".
Some time after the Punic Wars, a wealthy politician named Gaius Marius is credited with reforming the army so that the poor farmers no longer were required to go off to war, but by then, it was too late. Not only that, but his reforms contributed to the start of the era of civil wars, culminating in the reformation of the Republic into the Empire under Augustus.
What Italian port did Hannibal leave?
Hannibal returned to Africa from Croton (present day Crotone) in Calabria (the toe of Italy). He established his winter camps in this city during the three years he was stuck in Calabria. Hannibal also inscribed a record of his expedition in bronze tables in Greek and Phoenician at the temple of Juno of this city.
The speaker probably meant a Pyrrhic victory: a victory won, but at too great of a cost.
What would have happened to Rome if they had lost the Punic Wars?
If Rome would have lost the First Punic War, she would not have gained control of the Carthaginian territories in western Sicily in Sardinia and in Corsica.
If Rome had lost the Second Punic War, it is doubtful that Hannibal would have been able to maintain an occupation of a city the size of Rome. However, it is most likely that she would have lost her allies in central and southern Italy and that her territories would have been reduced to the areas around the city. The former allies at this point would have been able to keep her power in check. Of course this is speculation because we cannot possibly know a defeat of Rome did not happen.
Why was the battle of Zama a major turning point in history?
If Hannibal had been the victor, Carthage and not Rome would have become the greatest empire in the world. Because Rome was victorious, it was Rome that passed laws, its government, and its culture to Western civilization.
What was the outcome of the Punic war between Rome and cartage?
After the third Punic War, the Romans occupied much of Carthage's land and the Carthaginians surrendered the rest.
Where did Hannibal go to school?
I believe Hannibal Barca went to school in the ancient school of Applachian state university. Thats a ok type of school.
