Radioactive Decay

The Shroud of Turin was carbon dated with a probable creation date in the 14th century CE.

The half-life of 66Ge is 2.26 hours.

AT= A0 2(-T/H)

2 = (64) 2(-12.5/H)

0.03125 = 2(-12.5/H)

ln2(0.03125) = -12.5/H

H = 2.53

Since the calculated value of H (2.53) differs from the established value of H (2.26), there is an experimental error of 0.27, which is actually not too bad.

All of them.

N14

well its flippin simple losers

No. Radiation can cause rearrangements or alterations in the DNA. Additionally, radiation can cause improper gene replication, resulting in minor duplication and other errors.

Because radioactive decay happens at a constant rate. Once you figure out the rate of decay, called the half life, you can date stuff.

not sure you're asking exactly but I think the answer your looking for is radioactive half-life

Scientists use the half life of carbon-14 as a parameter to measure the age of an object. Based on the amount of molecular decay, because it happens at a constant rate, scientists are able to assume the age of said object.

The energy is stored in the atoms - in the forces between protons and neutrons - from the start, as a type of potential energy.

Gamma decay is one of three main types of radioactive decay. The other two are alpha and beta. In gamma decay, particles known as gamma rays are emitted. Gamma rays are actually high energy photons, the particle analogue of an electromagnetic wave.

First of all, what is a radioactive decay? Well, we can start by saying that radioactive substances are highly unstable. As such, they strive to attain stability and in the process, undergo what is known as radioactive decay. You can think of a radioactive substance as being made up of highly unstable nuclei (made up of protons and neutrons). It is actually these nuclei that undergo radioactive decay.

When each unstable nucleus decays, it loses a great amount of energy. This energy can come in the form of either an alpha particle (a Helium nucleus), a beta particle (an electron or positron), or a gamma particle (also known as a gamma ray). When a gamma particle is the one emitted, then the decay is known as a gamma decay.

While alpha and beta decays occur because there are either too much neutrons compared to protons or too much protons compared to neutrons in the nucleus (this is why the nucleus is unstable), gamma decay simply occurs because the nucleus is in an excited or highly energetic state and hence has to 'relax' a bit.

When this nucleus jumps down to a less energetic state, it releases the unwanted energy in the form of an electromagnetic wave which, as stated earlier, is the gamma ray.

Among all three emitted particles in radioactive decay processes, gamma particles are the most penetrating. While alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper and beta particles, by an aluminum plate, gamma particles can only be stopped by a thick dense material such as lead. Reminds you of Superman, does it?

Because of the high penetrating capabilities of its emitted particles, gamma decay is considered the greatest threat among the three. Radioactive substances in laboratories are kept inside Lead-sealed cabinets. Some even have Lead-sealed lab rooms. This design is made specifically for the purpose of preventing gamma rays from passing through.

Gamma rays that strike human cells can dislodge electrons from atoms comprising the cells because of the rays' ionizing property. This can leave the atom with a positive charge, causing it to interact with other atoms beside it and subsequently damaging the cell.

Dental Caries is the scientific name for 'tooth decay.'

The underlying truth in radioactive decay is that on an individual basis, no unstable atom will have a predictable time until it will decay. We understand and characterize the decay of radionuclides on the basis of statistical analysis. Only by looking at a large number of atoms of a given isotope of a given element and counting the decay events over time can we quantify the decay rate. The term half-life is used to state (based on the statistics) when half of a given quantity of a substance will have undergone radioactive decay. Note that atoms are incredibly tiny things, and even if we have very tiny quantities of a given radioactive material, we'll have huge numbers of atoms of that material in the sample. The larger the number of atoms of material and the longer we count the decay events, the more accurate our half-life value will be. Having said all that, no one can predict when a given atom of any radionuclide will decay. Each is different, and that is the basis for the random nature of nuclear or radioactive decay.

9x10^16 J

In beta- decay, a neutron changes into a proton, so the atomic number goes up by one and the atomic mass number does not change.

In beta+ decay, a proton changes into a neutron, so the atomic number goes down by one and the atomic mass number does not change.

In alpha decay, two protons and two neutrons are lost, so the atomic number goes down by two, and the atomic mass number goes down by four.

In neutron emission, the atomic number stays the same and the atomic mass number goes down by one. (This is rare)

In proton emission, the atomic number goes down by one and the atomic mass number also goes down by one. (This is also rare)

In spontaneous fission, you need to know the daughter product, because it is not necessarily deterministic what you are going to get.

Natural radioactive decay is the process in which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. This decay occurs to achieve a more stable configuration in the nucleus.

Radioactive materials released from a source can affect the human body via a number of pathways. Some may be transported by winds or water to our vicinity. These radioactive substances can affect us through direct irradiation and may be inhaled or ingested.

The source used in the Rutherford experiments was purifed radium contained in a thin-walled 1-mm diameter glass tube. The source strength was about 0.1 Curie, or about 4 billion nuclear decays per second. The alpha particles were allowed to pass through a small diaphragm and were directed toward a thin foil target. The detector was a small (10-6 m2) zinc sulfide screen mounted a few centimeters away from the target. (Rohlf) answer above posted by strawberry

It is giving off an Alpha particle. This is the nucleus of a helium atom, i.e. 2 protons and 2 neutrons (tightly bound together), without accompanying electrons.

Since Nuclear radiation is simply electromagnetic waves and all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light all nuclear radiation travels at the speed of light. But the frequency will vary.

Archaeology

Gamma is not a decay process. It is a consequence of a decay process, but it, in itself, is not a decay process. It is the emission of a photon from the excited state of the nucleus in response to a decay process such as alpha or beta that changes the nucleus and leaves it with excess energy.

The equation would be 35/16 S ----- 0/-1 + 35/15P The daughter nucleus would be the 35/15P.