Rotation

Centripetal force is always directed towards the center of the circle of motion that an object is traveling in.

Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate the body to which it is applied.Torque is always specified with regard to the axis of rotation. It is equal to the magnitude of the component of the force lying in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, multiplied by the shortest distance between the axis and the direction of the force component. Torque is the force that affects rotational motion; the greater the torque, the greater the change in this motion.

Whereas,force is the agency that alters the direction, speed, or shape that a body would exhibit in the absence of any external influence.It is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. Force is commonly explained in terms of Newton's laws of motion. All known natural forces can be traced to the fundamental interactions. Force is measured in newtons (N).

Angular momentum will not change unless an external torque acts upon the system

The short answer would be that angular momentum is conserved, i.e. it cannot be created nor destroyed.

A more technical answer would be that there is a certain theorem in theoretical physics called Noether's theorem which shows that if a physical theory exhibits rotational invariance (i.e. the physics are the same even if you rotate the system) that angular momentum conservation is a result.

According to particle physics therefore the conservation of angular momentum seems to tell us that the Universe is invariant under rotations. This might seem strange, because surely rotating yourself changes how think look, but the physics involved remains the same.

A cylinder?

You need more information to specify exactly what you are trying to do here, but I can give you one common example that will hopefully get you on the right track.

If you take the example of a cylinder spinning about it's axis, then you can convert between its rotational speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) and the tangential surface velocity (m/s) if you know the diameter of the cylinder. Essentially, you divide the time of one rotation into the circumference of the cylinder.

Legend:

V = tangential surface velocity

C = circumference of cylinder

D = diameter of cylinder

RPM = revolutions per minute

Pi = 3.14

Equations:

V = C * RPM = Pi * D * RPM

or

RPM = V / (Pi * D)

Example:

A cylinder with a diameter of 1 meter is rotating at 60 rpm. Its tangential surface velocity is:

V = (3.14) * (1 m) * (60 rpm) = 188.4 m/min = 3.14 m/s.

Current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field gets deflected. This is the basic principle. In short Lorentz force causes the rotation

One application that comes immediately to mind is the separation of substances in heterogeneous mixtures. Test tubes of mixtures are placed in a centrifuge and spun at high speeds. This causes the substances of different densities to separate, with the denser materials moving to the bottom of the test tubes.

1) The collapse is not bound to be perfectly symmetrical. Some pieces of matter will randomly move in one direction, or in another. The net result is that there is some rotation.2) Roughly speaking, anything that rotates will continue rotating.

The two forces will produce the same torque if : R1xF1 = R2xF2; r1f1sin(R1F1) = r2f2sin(R2F2). The magnitude of the forces can be the same (f1=f2=f) but their angles with the the displacement (R) can be different, r1fsin(R1F1) = r2fsin(R2F2),and the torque will be the same. Torque is the vector product of the force and displacement.

angular momentum is the measure of angular motion in a body.

Take the velocity to be in positive direction.

Positive acceleration increases velocity and they are in the same direction.

Negative acceleration reduce velocity and they are in opposite direction.

It does not matter if the motion in linear or anfular.

In my every day's life. When I walk I have to push the earth backward so as to get a movement in forward direction. This is what we call Newton's third law.

"For every action there will be equal and opposite reaction"

A torque sensor, or torque meter, is a device that measures the torque on rotating systems, usually wheels. Torque, in this case, is the twisting force that causes rotation, such as that applied when you pedal a bicycle.

A torque switch is a device used to control the torque applied in mechanical systems, often in electric motors or machines. It monitors the torque level and can automatically turn off or adjust power to prevent overload or damage. Commonly used in applications like conveyor systems or automated machinery, torque switches enhance safety and improve operational efficiency by ensuring that equipment operates within specified limits.

... to continue spinning.

The mass, and how it is distributed- how far the masses are on average from the axis of rotation. However, it is the square of the distance that counts in this case.

Force is given by Newton's second law: F = ma where F is the force, m is the mass and a is the acceleration.

F=2000kg x (25 m/s)2 / 80 meters 15,625n

Net torque is the magnitude and direction of torque that is left over when you add up the torques that are acting on an object.

rads/s

radians/second

Usually its stated as rpm (rounds per minute) but it usually needs to be converted to rads/s for calculations.

1 rad/s= (1 rpm)*2*pi/60

The simple scalar method of calculation is to integrate the square of the radius (r) across dm, where m is the mass. (Integral r2 dm is the equation, but we don't have an integral sign here.) Use the link to Wikipedia for the rest of the information and expansions on the "basic" equation.

Detorque

Rotational inertia is sometimes called spin. It involves the movement of a mass around an axis. This moving mass will have some measure of kinetic energy that is due to the fact that it is spinning. The variables are the shape and the mass of the object, the way the mass is distributed within the object, the speed of its rotation, and the location of the axis of spin through the object.

The moment of inertia might also be called angular mass, mass moment of inertia, rotational inertia, or polar moment of inertia of mass. Use the link below for more information.

for a given lever length the force is (150 / 100) times greater

torque = force (pounds) * lever length (feet)