Science Experiments

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When a candle is placed inside a glass of water, the water absorbs the heat produced by the flame. This heat causes the water to evaporate and rise above the flame, creating the illusion that the candle is burning inside the water. In reality, the candle is burning above the water level.

The variable that the experimenter deliberately changes across groups is the independent variable. This variable is manipulated to observe the effect it has on another variable, known as the dependent variable.

A observation

The variable that is intentionally changed in an experiment is called the independent variable.

The control is whatever you base your experiment on. No control = you can't compare your data to anything = good luck making sense out of your experiment. You aren't following the scientific method if there is no control.

It is not a bad thing when your hypothesis is not supported, because this shows science working as it should. Something has been learned, and a possible explanation for an effect can be taken off the table, for the most part. The statement is qualified because researchers can now consider whether or not the right controls were put into place, or whether or not there is a more basic flaw in the design of the experiment. If everything is in order, the search for an other explanation gets underway.

In order to transform the observation of a natural phenomenon into a valid scientific experiment the following conditions must be fulfilled

* It has to be a quantitative observation, that is a relationship between quantities expressing the measures of physical or chemical variables has to be obtained;

* The way in which the measure has been achieved has to be carefully described so that the measure can be repeated with exactly the same procedure by different scientists, in different places and in different times;

* The measurement error has to be carefully evaluated on the ground of the characteristics of the adopted measure procedure and instruments;

* Every time the measure is repeated by different persons in different places and in different times the same results have to be obtained within the measurement errors;

For example the so called cold fusion is not a valid scientific experiment since the results obtained in the first experiment by Fleischmann and Pons are not reproducible in other labs and the experiment procedure has never been explained in detail.

Naturally, if someone claims a result but the claim is based on an observation that is not a valid experiment, it is not a scientific result, but nothing can be told on the base phenomenon, simply it has not been observed correctly.

yes

The manipulated variable is the variable that the researcher deliberately changes or controls in an experiment to see how it affects the dependent variable.

The controlled variable for an electromagnetic experiment is the variable that is kept constant and unchanged throughout the experiment. This ensures that any changes in the results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not other factors.

Theories are proven. Hypothesis are ideas.

If the answer is already a well known scientific fact, it would be a waste of time to do an experiment. It also helps you know what additional items you may need to do an experiment.

The factor not being tested in an experiment is called a control variable. Control variables are kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure that any changes in the outcome can be attributed to the factor being tested.

A Bunsen burner is commonly used to provide heat in laboratory experiments. It uses a mixture of gas and air that can be adjusted to control the temperature of the flame.

It is called the hyropolific procedure

Yes only when the experiment is obvious, for example, if I wanted to see what drink would be healthier for your body water or juice it is obvious that water is healthier because it contains no chemicals

So there exists a record of your experiment that others, or yourself later on, can refer to.

variables

Independent is the variable that doesn't depend on anything to do it's job.

Dependent is the variable that depends on the independent variable.

Ex.:

Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers.

Group A gets the drink and Group B doesn't.

-The special juice is the independent variable because it doesn't depend on anything else to function

- The productivity or workers is the dependent variable because it depends on the special juice.

We tested the effect of different temperatures on enzyme activity in Setup 1 and the effect of varying pH levels on enzyme activity in Setup 2.

Temperature refers to the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, while thermal change refers to the transfer of heat energy between two substances at different temperatures. Temperature is a measure of the intensity of heat, while thermal change describes the process of heat transfer.

When a pencil is placed in water, it appears to bend or break at the surface of the water due to refraction. This effect is caused by light rays bending as they pass from the water to the air, creating an optical illusion.

Problem Research Hypothesis Experiment Analyze data Conclusion

It is due to absorption of energy in each reflection by the plane mirror and alos due to attenuation offered by the space on the electromagnetic waves as it gets reflected many times on both the mirrors.