Scuba

Not all wetsuits are made with the thickest material because thicker neoprene can restrict movement and flexibility, making it harder for the wearer to move comfortably in the water. Thicker neoprene also increases buoyancy, which may not be desired for certain water activities where more flexibility and agility are needed. Additionally, thicker neoprene can lead to overheating in warmer water conditions, as it traps more body heat close to the skin. Wetsuit thickness is typically chosen based on the intended water temperature and the level of insulation and flexibility required for the activity.

Because your body is mostly made up of water, which is able to withstand great amounts of pressure. The parts that can't withstand the pressure very well are the air spaces, your sinuses, your lungs and your intestines if they have air trapped in them. The reason they are able to withstand the pressure is because the scuba regulator delivers air at the same pressure as the outside water, meaning that they are essentially blown back up again as they try to shrink.

typically around $20-$30 depending on where you get it done, just ask around for the best price. also check the local fire station, a lot of times they know where to get it done cheap since they have to get tanks hydroed all the time

Lightning can be harmful to scuba divers because it can strike the water's surface and potentially electrocute anyone in the vicinity. Thunder, on the other hand, is not harmful to scuba divers but can indicate the presence of a thunderstorm, which can lead to dangerous conditions such as strong currents and rough seas. It is generally advised for divers to avoid entering the water during a thunderstorm or if lightning is present.

Industrial deep-sea divers must breathe a mixture of helium and oxygen to prevent a disorienting condition known as nitrogen narcosis. If a diver's tank is filled with a helium-oxygen mixture to a pressure of 170 atmospheres and the partial pressure of helium is 110 atmospheres, the partial pressure of the oxygen is ? - is the question

The answer is 60. Total pressure minus the partial pressure= 170-110= 60.

Pressure is directly proportional to depth. The equation used is for hydrostatic pressure:

P = Po + dh

Where P = pressure, Po = initial pressure at surface, d = density of the fluid, and h = height to the free surface (or depth). In diving, Po is usually the atmospheric pressure. This is the only thing that elevation affects, as sea level air pressure is higher than the air pressure at higher elevations.

The density of sea water is generally accepted as 64 lbs/cu ft. There is variation, but usually not enough to be meaningful, unless you are diving in a very high salinity location, like the Dead Sea, in which the salt content is so high that the density is considerably higher.

For most purposes, atmospheric pressure at sea level is accepted to be 14.7 lbs/sq in (14.7 psi), or 2116.8 lbs/sq ft (2116.8 psf). Diving in sea water then, the equation becomes:

P = 2116.8 lbs/sq ft + 64 lbs/cu ft x h.

Then, at the surface, h = 0, and P = 2116.8 psf = 14.7 psi. At h = 10 ft, P = 2116.8 + 64 x 10 = 2756.8 psf = 19.1 psi. At h = 33 ft, P = 4228.8 psf = 29.4 psi. At h = 100 ft, P = 8516.8 PS = 59.1 psi. And so on. The general rule-of-thumb for sport/recreational diving is that the pressure increases by 14.7 psi (1 atmosphere) for every 33 ft of depth. So that at 100 ft, the pressure is 58.8 psi (4 atmospheres). (Remember that you start at the surface at 1 atmosphere.)

No, the fluid pressure increases with depth underwater. The pressure at 10 ft underwater will be greater than the pressure at 5 ft underwater due to the weight of the water above exerting a greater force at greater depths.

Okay, so Dalton's law basically boils down to the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures which would be exerted by the gases individually.

Why is this important to scuba divers? Because gases at pressure is what keeps us alive. Remember, in my scuba cylinders I have air compressed to 3,000 PSI. And I want to know that when I take air (21% oxygen 79% nitrogen*) and compress it, that the components of air will compress evenly so that when I am at depth, and the pressures change, the air will still be the same ratio.

Again, why is this important to scuba divers? because knowing that allows me know know how much nitrogen that I've been sucking, which is key to avoiding decompression sickness (aka the bens). All my tables that tell me how long/deep my repetitive dives (2nd dive of the day, 3rd dive of the day, etc) are based on how much nitrogen are still in my system. This allows me to keep an excessive amount of nitrogen from entering my bloodstream, and potentially killing me (generally something I try to avoid)

* before I get anything from people about the composition of air, yes, I know the closer breakdowns are:

Nitrogen: 78%

Oxygen: 21%

Other: 1%

The same reason every other gas in a scuba cylinder is compressed. If a cylinder is pressurized, then the gas in it is compressed by definition. If it is not pressurized, then there is obviously no gas in the cylinder to breath.

When a diver surfaces too quickly he gets 'the bends'.

As the diver goes down, the pressure causes nitrogen to dissolve in the blood. That's harmless.

On the way up the diver must allow time for the nitrogen to come out of the blood slowly. If the diver comes up faster than the recommended timing, the nitrogen gas will form bubbles and block small blood vessels, causing 'the bends' a painful and life threatening condition that is cured by putting the patient in a pressure chamber and bringing the pressure down very, very slowly.

Firstly, tanks rarely provide oxygen - they usually provide simple air or other breathable gas. Pure oxygen would kill you if you breathed it deeper than about 30 feet.

Second, the average scuba tank holds the equivalent of about 80 cubic feet of gas under pressure. At the surface that would be enough to breathe off for about three hours for an everage person. But the deeper you go, the faster you consume gas because you breathe it under greater pressure.

It is not chemistry, but more physics. Many think it is a simple formula and your questions should be able to be answered, but the body does not respond the way forumlas calculate. The current flying after diving recommendations are to wait 12 hours to fly if a single dive was made, and if multiple dives were made then wait 18 hours.

It costed me over five hundred dollars just to get me certified for open water diving four years ago at a max of thirty feet without a partner but if you go to your local scuba store, they usually have signs up telling you how much lessons and the certification will cost NOT including the gear. Gear itself can easily climb up to at least a hundred dollars for specific parts and pieces. But the prices can also be fairly cheap if you know where to look. If you go to the related link (PADI), they have several places where you can get certified and get gear but prices are slightly high from where I get my stuff.

Under PADI from lowest to highest, certifications levels are

Open water, Advanced Open water, Rescue Diver, Dive Master and Instructor. Dive Master and Instructor are professional ratings.

Yes! Especially for dives that are longer, or dives that are deeper. The result of a careless ascent could be 'the bends', which is painful, and can be fatal. This is the bubbling or gasification of nitrogen in the blood that happens when pressure is reduced during the ascent. The word SCUBA is an anagram based on: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. SCUBA was invented by Jacques Cousteau.

This is fairly simple. First calculate the amount of fluid displacement of the object, i.e. it would displace 10 cubic feet of fluid if completely submerged. Next, determine the weight of the fluid, i.e. salt water weighs 64 pounds per cubic foot. This can be used to determine the upward or buoyant force exerted on the object by multiplying the displacement by the weight of the fluid. In this example, it is 640 pounds. To determine whether an object will float or sink, simply subtract the weight of the object from the buoyant force. In this example, if the object weighs 200 pounds then the object will float since the 200 pounds of the object is met with 640 pounds of upward water force, so the object weighs 440 pounds in the water (640 - 200 = 440). If the object weighed 640 pounds, then it would be neutrally buoyant in the water and would neither sink nor float and would stay where placed (assuming no water movement, etc.) ... and if it weighed more than 640 pounds, then the object would naturally sink since it weighs more than the force of the water pushing against it.

The tissues do not "equilib." Your body builds up more and more nitrogen until there is so much built up that you get Nitrogen Narcosis, and as you ascend you can (and if at depth way too long, will) have nitrogen bubbles form in your bloodstream. Also known as "The Bends"

That answer is not correct. Tissues do come into an equilibrium state known as saturation (just ask a saturation diver that does not incur longer decompression after being "saturated"). After a certain period of time (the exact time is up for debate), the body has absorbed (or released) all the inert gas (i.e. nitrogen) it can at that steady state depth. The answer to the question can be kept simple with an answer of 4 liters (due to being at 4 times greater pressure than the surface pressure), or complicated by taking into consideration the concepts such as partial pressure vacancy (a.k.a. inherent unsaturation or oxygen window) as well as other gasses not having a linear affect depending on the depth - which would then affect the nitrogen partial pressure or potential uptake. The answer was also not correct as to how nitrogen narcosis works as that is based on actual partial pressure and is not dependent on time.

Well, with just your eyes you can't but if you're above water and you don't want to get wet you take a big white plastic bucket, the heavy duty kind, you cut off the bottom of it replace the bottom with plexi glass and then you stick it in the water and you can see through into the water as long as you super glued the plexi glass to the bottom of it.

Ounces measure weight (mass). Cubic inches measure volume. You can't convert one to the other without knowing the density.

Depends on whether you mean how deep or how far just beneath the surface, and if it's with breathing gear or by simply holding their breath. W/o breathing gear it's not really the water that sets the limit, but eventually the lack of oxygen. Lumping it all together staying shallower than 10 meters and shorter than one minute should be reasonably safe. If you're diving with breathing gear there are charts and computers that'll tell you what the safe limits are, but shallower than 10 meters is fairly safe even for that.

It stands for SURFACE NEXUS.

The noble lightweight being referred to is neoprene, a synthetic rubber material. Neoprene was instrumental in the success of Goodyear due to its use in wetsuits for scuba diving, helping divers stay warm underwater. Neoprene's properties also make it ideal for various medical applications, such as orthopedic braces and supports, enabling doctors to treat and help heal injuries effectively.