Socrates

507 B.C.E., when Plato was 21 years of age. Socrates was convicted and executed 8 years later. There is actually debate about the date, and how old Plato was. In any case, it would have been 407 BCE, since Socrates was executed in 399.

This is unclear - there are various answers with no absolute confirmation, but at a time he must have had, at least, a partner, as he did have children.

Plato's philosophy is rooted in the idea of an unchanging reality that exists beyond the physical world we perceive through our senses. He believed in the existence of abstract, perfect forms that are the basis of all things in the material world. Plato also emphasized the importance of reason and the pursuit of knowledge as a means to achieve true understanding and wisdom.

He challenged the youth to think outside the box and question the norm, to not accept what people had always said was true and to figure it out for themselves. He wanted the youth to be independent and think for themselves, something today's youth is lacking. Truly thinking about ethics, justice, politics, morals, and how to better the world around you can spark a change in people; this was a goal Socrates accomplished in Athens youth.

Socrates was a gifted thinker of ancient Athens who helped lay the foundation of western philosophy. The methods he used and the concepts he proposed, along with his courageous defense of his ideas against his enemies, profoundly influenced the philosophical and moral tenor of western thought over the centuries. His refusal to compromise his intellectual integrity in the face of a death sentence set an example for the entire world to follow!

Socrates was a soldier in the Pelopenniesain War. He died having to drink the poison (called hemlock) Of his death penalty. When given this he said:

"I have lived under the protection of this government so why should i turn my back now?" And basically just drank the hemlock and fell asleep and died.

If you want to know what he actually said and how he argued then he is a main character of Plato's book the republic.

Socrates made lots of fallacies in his arguments however he was the first person that we know to devote his life to understanding of the world and asking difficult questions.

Aristotle the student of his student is the first one to describe basic principles of logic.

Socrates was charged for corrupting the youth with his teachings and was sentenced to death penalty, however he took his own life.

a philosopher

Socrates believed that the people who are experts for something should take the decisions for that something. In that way he was in favour of aristocracy. One famous example he used for the example of a boat sailing within a storm: What would you do in such a situation? Would you get all the passengers and the captain to vote (in that case you would have the ignorant passengers take the worst decision) or would you trust the one person who knows what to do? (i.e. the captain)