Submarines

Yes, they does.

The Battle of Jutland, was meant to be a decisive confrontation between battleships, but turned out to be an UN-decisive engagement between cruisers (battlecruisers). The British couldn't re-locate the German battleships (so they could fight) and the German battleships ran like rabbits back into port. There was no decisive battle.

German subs during WWI conducted "Guerre de Course" warfare; Commerce raiding. A war against merchant shipping (same as they did in WWII).

No U.S. President has ever commanded a submarine. President Carter was a submarine officer with command aspirations, but he failed his Engineer Officer interview with then-Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, which essentially ended his career aspirations. Kennedy was a PT boat skipper in the Pacific, and George Bush Sr. was a Navy TBM Avenger pilot in the Pacific. Presidents Johnson, Nixon, and Ford were all Naval officers, but weren't in the submarine force.

The change in Naval tactics that eventually changed the tide of the Battle of the Atlantic was the use of Naval Escorted Supply Convoys. Navy Frigates and Destroyers were also equipped with Radar, allowing them to detect a surfaced submarine at night.

This tactic, and the enormous shipbuilding capability of the U.S. meant that the U.S. could produce and protect more ships than the Kriegsmarine could sink. Merchant Aircraft Carriers were also employed, as well as the introduction of long-range bombers. Merchant AC's could carry up to 4 aircraft for dealing with any submarine threat.

It is important to note that the submarines during both wars were not true submersibles; they were surface vessels with a limited submergence capability. Today's boats can go much faster underwater than they can on the surface - the opposite was true in those days. For this reason, many attacks at night were made on the surface, and Radar removed that advantage.

The combination of Air Support, fast Navy Frigates and Destroyers with the ability to escort convoys all the way to England, and the shipbuilding capacity of the U.S. (in particular the Liberty ships) is what ultimately spelled defeat for the German U-Boats.

Contrary to activist groups claims, Navy ships and submarines rarely use active sonar. Active sonar produces sound, and lots of it, that gives away a vessel's position to other enemy ships and submarines.

The biggest impact that subs have on marine life, is that they pump waste overboard. Sewage is very popular with schools of fish, because the think it tastes great. Oil being pumped overboard is bad. The crews make every effort not to pump oily waste overboard. There are collection tanks just for oily water and such.

nearly 155

an ultrasound wave is beamed down from a boat and then the wave bounces back from the seabed to a reciever. the longer the wave takes, the deeper the water.

rulre

Doesn't sound like anyone having to do anything with submarines. Sounds like you meant Dudley "Mush" Morton (1907-1943). USN LCDR Morton commanded a GATO class submarine, the USS Wahoo, and sank 19 Japanese vessels during WWII. But in October '43, when taking his sub up thru Perouse Strait (which separates Russia from Japan) a Japanese shore battery opened up on him as he sailed thru it. The shore battery commander notified the Japanese Air Force, which promptly sent in some bombers...this was followed by Japanese Navy destroyers, which came in and promptly depth charged Morton's sub; so bad in fact, that the Wahoo's propellers were reportedly rising out of the ocean! Then it was over. Wahoo was lost, with about 70 or more men, including Lieutenant Commander Morton. The USS Wahoo was reportedly recently discovered by some Russian diving teams in the La Perouse Strait, she is resting at about 200 feet. Entombed within her are Morton and his men; the sub is a war grave, and by law, cannot be disturbed.

If essential food and war supplies from America and Canada could no longer reach the British Isles, due to the Germany U-boats, eventually, Britain would have little choice but to surrender.

Atmospheric pressure is approximately 14.7 psi at sea level, and it is increased by 14.7 psi every 33' (10.0584 m), or 2 atmospheres (29.4 PSIA, or lbs/square inch absolute). Since we know that at 33' the pressure exerted is 14.7 lbs/square inch, the PSI per foot of sea water value is .445 psi (14.7 divided by 33), e.g., a 33' column of sea water 1" wide would weigh 14.7lbs.

It's always easier to figure the depth calculation per foot of sea water pressure and then add the figure for atmospheric pressure to get PSIA. 50m equates to 164.5 feet, so at 50m the pressure would be 164.5 x .445, or 73.2 psi. Accounting for atmospheric pressure, we add 14.7 to 73.2 and get a total of 87.9 PSIA on the hull.

200m equates to 656.167 feet, which is 291.994 psi. To get the total absolute pressure on the hull at 200m we add 14.7 to 291.994, and arrive at a total of 306.69 PSIA.

The figure changes for fresh water - it takes 34' of fresh water to equal 2 atmospheres.

hooligan

Currently, the United States, Great Britain, and Russia are on stealth parity (for the most part) in nuclear submarine technology, as those countries have the most experience.

Having said that, there is no quieter submarine than a diesel-electric boat running on the battery, and many nations use them. You literally have to be within rock throwing distance to hear them, unless you're using active sonar, which makes you an instant target. While they are easy targets when running their diesels, they are nightmares to contend with when they are on battery power.

While DE submarines have the range and stealth capability, battery power reduces tactical advantages in speed an maneuvering. As such, the stealth advantage is limited in nature, as battery power doesn't last forever.

A hydrophone is an underwater microphone designed to listen to below-water sounds. It can record and listen to sounds in other mediums (air, underground), but it won't be as accurate and sensitive, since it has been based of a sound impedance match exclusively to water.

Hydrophones are also capable as acting like a speaker and producing sounds. This is how submarines go "active" and ping the water. Some submarines sonar is so powerful that it can boil the water around the hydrophones after a couple of full power pulses. It is also the primary means of defeating unauthorized divers around a sub when it is surfaced and/or in port. The sound will disorient and confuse the diver like a flash-bank grenade would in a room.

Yes and no - though water never enters the crew compartment, there are accesses known as escape trunks that are primarily designed for escape use by crews of a sunken submarine. However, they're also used for exit/entry by rescue divers/crew or SEAL teams. Each trunk has an outer and an inner hatch; the space between hatches is used to let water in to flood the trunk and to equalize the pressure to the surrounding sea pressure, in order to allow opening of the outer hatch.

The trunk is accessed from the pressure hull (crew compartment) via the inner hatch, and then the inner hatch is sealed. The trunk is then flooded until the pressure is equalized, and then the occupants exit. After the occupants have exited and closed the outer hatch, the trunk is emptied of water using high pressure air. Once it's purged of water, the air pressure inside the trunk is then equalized with the air pressure inside the crew compartment, so the inner hatch can be opened again and the process restarted.

The word means " beneath the sea"

It depends on the submarine type (Fast-Attack, Missile, etc.), but the general crew complement is between 90-120. That figure increases to around 150-160 during long deployments, or during sea trials/certifications, when there are also civilian riders aboard.

Steam powered submarine torpedoes had a flaw when a submarine fired torpedoes in daylight. The torpedoes created a massive stream of bubbles that rose to the surface of the ocean and enemy ships could see that they were under attack. The bubble stream also gave away a submarine's position. This problem was solved for the Germans when they developed electric torpedoes. No bubbles were produced. The US Navy captured some of the enemy torpedoes and used them for models of their own new electric torpedoes.

Periscopes have several primary functions:

1. Visual verification & identification of current Sonar targets.

2. Navigational fixes by using visual references (near shore or by use of attached sextant for star fixes).

3. Aiding in target tracking/range calculation.

4. Bearing, Speed, Angle on the Bow and Range match with Sonar and Fire Control prior to weapon shot.

5. Visual detection of any targets not picked up by Sonar due to poor sound conditions.

Due to the way sound propagates in the ocean, it is possible to perform a Sonar sweep and not have any close-aboard (collision range) targets on sonar. However, when coming to Periscope Depth, if there is a thermal layer blocking sonar and any targets, it is essential to get a quick ID, range and bearing to any close-aboard target that may have been undetected by sonar. This is why the periscope is so important when ascending to PD. The Con officer can then order the helmsman to steer clear or emergency dive to avoid any close-aboard contacts.

Visual verification, bearing and range are matched against Sonar's target information for 3 reasons:

1. You don't want to shoot anything you're not supposed to.

2. Sound propagation and ocean properties can alter the actual received target bearing, and hence the estimated range.

3. Visual verification, bearing and range via periscope ensures the best target solution for the torpedo before shooting.

Of course this only applies to surface targets, and not submerged submarines. In such cases, a sonar-only target solution is used and fed into the torpedo guidance system prior to shooting.

Yes, German submarines were very effective in both world wars. The Germans built excellent submarines and still do.

Six canoes and their two-man crews were transported to French coastal waters by the submarine 'Tuna' in December 1942 The question is, "What was the name of the submarine used in the film. HMS Tuna was scrapped in 1945 and the fim made some years later.