Submarines

sub meaning below. Marine is the suffix meaning water. So submarine means below water.

The 2 most advanced submarines currently in service are the U.S. Virginia-class and the British Astute-class fast-attack submarines. Both are technologically comparable in capability.

Strategic nuclear deterrence

The living quarters on submarines are very, very small and it is difficult/impossible to give women their own space (including bathrooms, dressing rooms and bed rooms). Women would have to sleep in the same bunkbeds as the men, dress in front of them and see men dress.

There is an added danger of sexual harrasment because there is no privacy-- and any potential emotional tanglements could be pretty bad for the operation of the submarine. If you are deep under the surface of the ocean, there is no place for anyone to get away.

However, the main reason is the cramped living spaces, where women would not be able to have their own quarters.

It is a mater of society. The US does not allow it as for the most part we are prudes that cannot handle being around the opposite sex without difficulty. The Norwegian, Swedish, and several other navies have coed crews on even smaller subs than the US uses, and there are no problems with it. The lack of quarters is just an excuse. It is true, but it can be overcome. The crews normally have to share racks (beds) with other crew members. Three watch rotations equals three people rotating out of the same rack with only a change of linens in between.

Yellow Submarine goes for 2 minutes and 41 seconds.

Positive Buoyancy.

When submarine submerges, it initially uses negative buoyancy to submerge, and then levels out to neutral buoyancy.

You get nothing for making it through submarine school - you only begin receiving hazardous duty pay when you're assigned to your boat, along with sea pay. As far as training, all submariners from the lowest rank to the CO are constantly in a state of training, so any extra pay has nothing to do with their qualification level. Submarine Duty pay is constantly being adjusted, and like anything in the military, is subject to the whims of the current political administration at any given time.

It does however, affect your crew standing as a FLOB if you're not qualified on any systems (Free Loading Oxygen Breather).

USS Nautilus

Like any submarine, there is no specific dive speed for the U-571, a German Type VIIC U-Boat, which was commissioned in 1941 and sunk in 1944.

Dive speed is dependent on several variables, including, but not limited to:

1. Fixed ballast weight

2. Variable ballast weight

3. Ocean depth, thermal, and salinity conditions

4. Engine speed

5. Crew response time after order is given to Dive until BCP panel shows green

6. Down angle (bubble)

7. Casualty status (flooding, etc., which adds to Variable ballast)

A change in any of the above variables can alter the boat's dive speed to any given depth. The 3 biggest variables are Variable ballast, Down Angle, and Engine Speed. If an order is given to dive quickly, more VB will be brought aboard and and increase in speed will be ordered, along with a steep dive angle.

Lusitania was sunk in 1915.

Periscopes were used to watch and observe and spy on the enemy lines during the war and are still used in submarines

As far as the U.S. Navy boats, the Commanding Officer (C.O.) is going to be a graduate of a 4-year college or of the Naval Academy. He will have a degree in engineering (one of the different disciplines), chemistry, physics or even mathematics.

A submarine is an underwater craft, or a word used to describe something that is under water. Here are a couple of sentences.

The submarine moves with silent deliberation through the cold dark water.

The submarine canyons posed problems when the search vessels began looking for the nuclear weapon that had been lost at sea.

US subs sank Japanese vessels in the Pacific & German subs sank British/US vessels in the Atlantic. It might be a toss up, if it weren't for the fact that: 1. That's all the DKM did was sub warfare (after the US got into the war). 2. The USN was doing alot more than sub warfare; they were fighting cruiser, destroyer, PT Boat, Battleship, and Aircraft Carrier warfare. Consequently, US subs did alot of sinking...but were alot smaller sub force than the DKM (German Navy). The Atlantic most likely saw more unrestricted sub warfare. The Atlantic was a "Guerre de Course," a war of commerce raiding-NOT a battle between surface warships.

Germany posted ads in US newspapers that ships entering a zone around Great Britain were subject to submarine attacks. People ignored the warning.

Subs are sneaky; that's what they do. When subs sank vessels without warning...it angered people. But if a sub skipper (ship's captain) warned a ship before he sank it; he endangered himself, his vessel, and his men. Because while he's on the surface "being a nice guy", the allies are coming to sink him...because the ship he intends to sink has just radioed the allies of the subs POSITION!

Bushnell built his submarine, the "Turtle", in early 1776 and first used it in September that year.

They are electronically tested while still inside the launch tube by Missile Technicians, for Ballistic Missiles aboard FBM submarines. Aboard Fast-Attacks, Torpedomen perform the same test on Tomahawk, Harpoon or Subroc missiles with an electronic diagnostic device. They are also actively tested by shooting exercise weapons at Naval ocean test ranges. This is how the boat and crew is certified for handling and launching the weapons it carries.

All test are performed inside the torpedo or launch tube. This is a direct result of the sinking of the submarine Scorpion in 1969. Though there continues to be speculation concerning her fate, one major conclusion was that she experienced a torpedo "hot run" - the term for a torpedo activating inside the torpedo room. In those days, the old Mk 37 torpedoes were also electronically checked, but they had problems with hot runs. Until the Scorpion accident, no previous occurrence had led to a casualty.

The primary evidence for a hot run scenario was her location and course on the bottom of the ocean. At the time, she was transiting home after a long Mediterranean deployment; when found, she was almost 180 degrees off course. This is consistent with torpedo shut-down procedures in a hot run scenario. All torpedoes have range activation features to keep them from becoming active too close to the shooting submarine - being sunk by your own torpedo was a big problem for US boats in WW2. In fact, the USS Tang was sunk by an errant torpedo.

One feature to deactivate the torpedo is to turn 180 degrees - if a torpedo errantly turns 180 degrees, it will automatically shut down before arming. The fact that every compartment of the Scorpion except the Torpedo Room was crushed meant that the TR was already flooded - meaning that they failed to shut it down before it armed and detonated.

After that, testing procedures for all weapons were changed so that required checks had to be performed inside a tube to eject a hot running weapon. However, the safety record of the current Mk-48 torpedo led the Navy to remove HR procedures over 20 years ago, when I was still riding boats.

"Regular" subs don't. The deeper you go, the greater the pressure. Eventually they'll crumble.

David Bushnell created and used the Turtle

8

There are quite a few different ways, but the screening process is pretty rigorous, so it doesn't happen that often. However, the most common is a medical DQ. Submarines aren't exactly the most healthiest of places to work (I was medically DQ'd for asthma after 5 years aboard my boat), and medical DQ's happen more than is commonly known. If problems don't get you while you're on active duty, something usually crops up after you leave the Navy.

Other ways are losing your security clearance (you need a minimum Secret clearance to be a crewmember), psychological problems (doesn't happen that often since they can't tell the wackos from the normal submariners, at least not easily), accidents, suicide, or major disciplinary infractions (drugs, etc.).

With other submarines, ships and aircraft. Possibly also with detectors that sit on the bottom of the ocean and transmit a signal when a sub is detected.

According to the web page of the Naval Historical Center, http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq39-1.htm#anchor521073

the only U.S. submarine confirmed sunk by another sub was USS CORVINA (SS-226), on 16 November 1943.

Other sinkings of U.S. submarines potentially attributed, but unconfirmed, to submarines include:

USS KETE (SS-369) on 20 March 1945

USS SNOOK (SS-279) on 9 April 1945

Wood with copper fittings.