Submarines

After someone dies in a submarine, the crew must follow specific protocols to manage the situation. The body is typically secured in a designated area to prevent contamination and maintain hygiene. Depending on the submarine's circumstances, such as depth and operational status, the crew may also need to consider how to notify command and possibly prepare for a recovery operation. Emotional support for the crew is also crucial, as the death of a shipmate can have a significant psychological impact.

The main parts of a submarine include the hull, which provides structural integrity and buoyancy; the sail, which houses navigation and sensor equipment; and the propulsion system, typically consisting of a nuclear reactor or diesel-electric systems. Additionally, submarines have ballast tanks for diving and surfacing, as well as control surfaces like rudders and fins for maneuverability. Inside, they are equipped with living quarters, a command center, and various systems for weapons and communication.

Submarines are designed to withstand the immense pressure of deep water through their strong, streamlined hulls made from high-strength materials like steel or titanium. Their shape allows them to distribute pressure evenly across the surface, preventing weak points. Additionally, submarines are engineered with internal structures that provide further support and integrity, ensuring they can operate safely at various depths without being crushed.

The hatch of a submarine is typically heavy due to its robust construction, designed to withstand high pressure at depth and ensure watertight integrity. However, the weight can be counterbalanced by hydraulic or mechanical systems that assist in closing it. Therefore, while the hatch itself is heavy, the closing mechanism can make it easier to operate.

The submarine had a profound impact on society by revolutionizing naval warfare and maritime strategy. It introduced stealth capabilities that changed how nations approached conflicts, leading to increased naval arms races and strategic naval policies. Additionally, submarines played a crucial role in global trade and commerce security, influencing international relations and maritime law. Their presence also spurred advancements in technology and engineering, which had broader applications beyond military uses.

The AE2 submarine, a British Royal Navy submarine, was involved in World War I and was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Henry E. E. W. "Hec" Waller. It was part of the Dardanelles campaign and sank in 1915 after being damaged while attempting to penetrate the Turkish defenses. The crew of the AE2, consisting of 31 men, managed to escape and later evaded capture, eventually making their way to safety.

Submarines were historically referred to as "submersibles" or "undersea boats." In naval terminology, they were often called "U-boats," particularly in reference to German submarines used during World War I and II. Additionally, the term "submarine" itself, derived from the Latin "sub" (under) and "marinus" (of the sea), became the standard designation for these underwater vessels.

Submarines typically use periscopes to see above water while remaining submerged. A periscope consists of a long tube with mirrors or prisms that allow the crew to view the surface from a safe depth. Modern submarines may also utilize advanced optical systems and sensors, including cameras and radar, to enhance visibility above water. These technologies enable submarines to gather crucial information without exposing themselves to potential threats.

The H.L. Hunley was a Confederate submarine during the American Civil War, notable for being the first combat submarine to successfully sink an enemy warship. On February 17, 1864, it attacked the USS Housatonic in Charleston Harbor, using a spar torpedo to detonate an explosive charge against the ship. After the attack, the Hunley sank under mysterious circumstances, leading to the loss of its crew. Its use marked a significant development in naval warfare, demonstrating the potential of submarines in combat.