Submarines

The USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was launched on January 21, 1954. It currently resides as part of the U.S. Submarine Museum in Groton, CT.

A modern submarine can shoot missiles (ballistic and guided missiles) and torpedoes. These weapons can be nuclear or conventional ordnance. Submarines also have a capability of planting mines in the ocean to damage shipping. In addition to weapons, submarines can launch counter measures (to defend again enemy torpedoes), flares, sonar buoys, and radio buoys.

U.S. Submarines can dive 800-plus feet. (Official depth; however, can dive deeper. The US Navy itself acknowledges that most of it's attack submarines can operate down to at least 985 feet, and many to over 1400 feet.

U.S. Navy Ballistic Missile Submarines (FBM's, or Boomers), have 2 separate crews that alternate rotation on a 3 month basis. The cycle is 1 month for refit and repair, then 2 months for any sea trials, certifications, tests, etc., then time spent on nuclear deterrent patrol.

Blue and Gold are the designations for each separate crew. It is similar to the Repair and War Patrol submarine crews of WWII, in which the boat's refit and repair following a return from a War Patrol was performed by a totally separate crew while the other was on leave and training. The difference is that each crew does their own work and performs their own patrols.

For US Navy submarines, the Captain of a submarine (or the Officer of the Watch) will control things from the con of the boat. The use of "con" is short for "control" in this application.

The Ohio-class program, when it started, used a newly developed (now widely used) manufacturing process (modular, rather than traditional), and it initially went over budget. Over time, however, they've been able to crank them out pretty well on budget and time. The average cost of an Ohio-class boat is around $2 billion, and the first decommissioning of one isn't expected to occur for at least another 20 years.

Yes. Actually, the first submarines were used a number of years before 1912.

The first submarine was the Turtle during the Revolutionary War. It was a sphere essentially.

1623 by james the first of england

They didn't. But "IF" they had sunk the US transports delivering US Troops to Europe...Germany could've won the war...or at least not lost it.

I believe you are referring to Composite Submarines- a noun clause. a composite submarine has one parent sub- (that"s another question) launch a smaller assault or other submarine carried in tandem. the idea is somewhat similar to the Composite Bomber idea that was experimented with by the British in the interwar era- the Maia-Mercury Composite, for example- and the practical launch of a Space Shuttle- albeit a drop test- from a Boeing 747 as a lifting aircraft. the idea is similar- two subs superimposed, one of course having a longer range. I am not aware of any current USN activity in this field it is always possible. the Parent craft would have to be modified with hatches, etc. it is an intriguing idea. I believe some of the minisubs that were piloted by Sylvia Earle were launched submerged from regular subs- how this was done I am not sure, look her up! Good luck.

All modern submarines are "dual hull" constructed. What you see on the surface is the outer hull, or "superstructure". The inner hull, where the main systems and crew are, is protected by the outer hull.

Damage severity of either the outer or inner hulls depends on the boat's depth at the time. If deep enough, it doesn't take much damage to the hull, as sea pressure will be virtually unstoppable, even with the quick-reaction damage control skills of a submarine crew.

However, if sea pressure isn't a factor and the flooding can be controlled, then it's possible to survive such a casualty. Again, it depends on the severity of the hull breach, and the depth at the time.

Several modern submarines (my old boat included) have survived underwater collisions which produced severe damage.

In almost all navies during WWII, submarines were called "boats"...not ships. In Germany, a sub was called an "under-sea-boat", with German enthusiasts preferring to use the German spelling/pronunciation of "boot" for boat. Bottom line: "U-Boat submarine warfare..." is simply submarine warfare (Sub Warfare is what most boys in America grew up calling it).

pakistan dosent require any sumarines as china will do the job for us

The pressure on a submarine increases the deeper you get (about 1 bar for every 10 meters), so the answer to your question is, "It depends how deep you want to go." Sadly, most of these figures on thicknesses are classified, so you'll have to calculate that yourself.

Turtle

i think a submarine can stay underwater indefinetly but a submersible can only stay down for a limited time.

Controlling the buoyancy of the boat allows her crew to ascend, descend or maintain depth.

How it works: Let's say we are at sea on a sub that has a volume of 100 cubic meters. Our water density gauge says the boat is in water that weighs 1025 kg per cubic meter. If we adjust the weight of our boat to 102,500 kg (the weight of an equal volume of water to the volume of our vessel), it will maintain the depth we want to be at. We can also use fairwater planes to climb and dive. The problem is, if we want to surface the boat and have part of it above the surface we've got to reduce the weight, so we pump some water out and the boat will float to the surface. If we want to efficiently dive the boat it needs to weigh more than the water, so we pump in some water and it goes down.

The "real" submarines were operating in a limited way in WWI, but their use in WWII is well documented. They continue in use today. That makes it about a hundred years. The history of the submarine goes back a ways, but the technology to actually built a "good" one is recent. A link is provided.

Merchant ships and escorts formed a convoy to improve security on the high seas.

The Navy term is "Silent Running"; when ordered, a submarine crew refers to one of the battlestations rigging bills to "Rig for Silent Running". It tells the crew which systems to shut down or reduce operations on, and all non-essential personnel not on watch or at critical tracking stations are ordered to their racks.

The usage hails from the Fleet Submarine days, when detectable noise was a real issue when dealing with attacking Destroyers of the day. Limited speed, maneuverability, and depth capability required every advantage to avoid detection, and Silent Running was part of that strategy.

Today's modern submarines are quiet enough that they are difficult to detect by anything other than another submarine, and even that's not easy with today's improved Sonar systems. However, being too quiet is also a dead giveaway in the ambient noise of the ocean; a trained Sonar crew will notice an acoustic dead spot moving through the water as well.

The ability to use the ocean environment to its advantage (depth, thermoclines) to hide in acoustic areas of advantage has also made the need for SR almost obsolete.

The "turtle" was designed to have slight positive buoyancy which kept all but a few inches of the craft below sea level. By use of hand cranks to turn the propeller for movement and foot pedals to operate the tiller for steering the craft was intended to approach enemy ships at anchor, bore a hole in the hull of the target with an auger and attach a mine that would detonate after the "turtle" had made it's escape. In reality however, the propulsion mechanism proved to be exhausting to the operator and the hulls of the British warships were copper-clad which prevented boring into the hull to attach the mine. So to answer the question, the "turtle" ''didn't'' work, at least not successfully.