Submarines

it was called"wolfpack" - destroying evey enemy ship regardless of warship or not

All submarines have a rated "Crush Depth", the depth at which the hull will succumb to external sea pressure.

While the actual depths for each class are classified, several submarines were lost during the Cold War to implosion events after major casualties. The most noted for the United States was the USS Thresher (SSN-593) which was lost during sea trials after she suffered a major flooding casualty. It was estimated she made it to within 100' of the surface before sinking to her crush depth and the bottom of the ocean.

its used for looking out into the ocean/river/late/pond whatever body of water your in. but its usually used in the ocean.

not many unerwater ones

They use batteries quite similar to car batteries. Sealed lead-acid batteries. They are huge. Bigger or smaller subs will of course have different sizes and amounts. Batteries produce waste gas and hydrogen when charged or discharged and must also be ventilated regularly to prevent build-up.

The nuclear submarine wasn't actually "invented" by an individual. It was conceptualized by a number of people who saw the great leap forward that could be afforded by the application of nuclear power to submarine propulsion.

Jules Verne, while not specific enough about the power source on his fictional submarine Nautilus ('it was completely powered by electricity'), was just a step of imagination away from the idea of a "magic" substance or principle that would power the whole thing up. (It is interesting that, as we look back, a lot of advanced technology could be seen by less developed peoples as "magic" as has been supposed in so many fictional books, television shows and films.) Finally, the United States was the first to get a design off the drawing board, assemble the thing, and sail it into history. Nautilus 90 North.

Admiral Hyman George Rickover was the first person to patent the nuclear submarine.

submarines dont sail idiot

The physical size of the ship is the upper limit on how many people can fit in a submarine. Operationally, the atmosphere control systems and food supplies further constrain the maximum load. U.S. attack submarines deploy for about six months; when we left home, we actually had to walk on food cans at times. The lower limit would be set by the operational and maintenance needs to conduct submerged operations. Thus, there is an engineered balance between the duration of the expected missions, ability to replenish stores In my service on three U. S. submarines, the crewing was very much mission-dependent. On an Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine, Jackson's "Submarines of the World" lists the crew as 155, which seems about right to me. Variables for our ship included shortages in some crew ratings at times, to having extra crew on board for training purposes. That number holds up for submerged operations of about ten weeks, but on one occasion I had to be out for twelve weeks. During some operations, such as inspections or builder's trials, the number could swell to 300 or so for a day or two. The same source suggests 175 for Russia's Typhoon-class (I'll use NATO labels), and I expect their actual numbers vary for inspections etc as well. In contrast, the Los Angeles-class were engineered for about 110 on board, but often carry about 135 to support crew training and mission requirements. Russia's Victor III-class is built for 100, but probably can carry more for an extended period. Their newer Akula may actually require less crew, I've always heard the Russians like to automate operations as much as they can. The Russian Oscar-class SSGN is listed at 130. I would guess the Ohio-class ships converted to SSGNs probably need about the same crew as the regular ones. Special operations complements aboard could add more, maybe a hundred or so for shorter duration missions. In contrast, I went aboard a fairly modern Chilean Type 209-class sub visiting our base in Pearl Harbor one Sunday morning. One of the crew indicated that they had deployed with just 33 crew (Jackson suggests 22). It wasn't cramped at all, and the senior enlisted guy I talked to said everyone had their own bunk, the CO had a small stateroom. The galley was just a griddle over a small oven, quite small, and the dining area was just a couple of four-seat dinettes. I don't remember seeing a wardroom. The engine room was small, with four small diesels and a Siemens switchboard, in a separate compartment. The crewman back there talked to me in a normal voice, and I came to realize one of the diesels was actually running; it was quiet, like my Civic.

Like all Naval vessels, the term used for a Submarine's bathroom is a "Head".

The term "Head", in reference to a ship's toilet, was used at least as far back as 1708 on sailing vessels. It referred to the location of the ship's toilet, then located at the bow, or head, of the ship, under the bowsprit. It was located there as it was naturally washed by the ocean spray coming over the bow. The nautical term head, referring to the front or bow of a vessel, dates back to the early 1400's.

The only height restriction on a U.S. Navy Submarine is the Navy's general height guideline - 86 inches, or 7' 1".

Though I've never encountered anyone that tall during my submarine days, we did have a couple of guys that were 6' 3" onboard. Any taller than say, 6' 5" and there's a problem with head-banging into overhead cables, pipes, manifolds, etc. Bunks aren't that long either (they're just over 6') so it can be a bit cramped for tall sailors.

this word is an adjective meaning "under the sea". submarine is the word shortened from the term "submarine boat".

During World War 2, the Germans wrote the book on submarine warfare. They hunted and sunk thousands of tons of Allied shipping, killing many merchant mariners in the process. Commanders of the German submarine forces sent their boats out to patrol specific geographic points, constructing a "net" of sorts through which Allied shipping would be obliged to pass. If a convoy was detected, the U-boats could be ordered to converge and form what were called wolf packs (Wolfsrudel, which arose from the German rudel). They would then attack a convoy en masse. The US adopted the tactics and used them against the Japanese in the Pacific theatre. The Kriegsmarine set up a logistics system that allowed them to supply their boats at remote points at sea. This was in addition to support provided at the heavily bunkered submarine pens, built to be impervious to bombs, that were located on the German coast, in Norway, and it several places in France. Strategy and logistics were well suited to the delivery of ordinance, food and other supplies to the boats as far away as the coast of South America and southern Africa. All in all, the Germans played their trumps in U-boat strategy and tactics to fine advantage, and only the press of numbers on the part of the Allies was able to break their grip on the sea lanes. As attrition began to trim their numbers, more and more of the German crews never returned, and were left on "eternal patrol" as the war wound down.

King Features Syndicate did a cartoon show about the Beatles, featuring their music but other people doing their speaking voices. The band hated the show. When the producers (Dunning and Brodax) approached them about doing a feature-length cartoon, the Beatles agreed to it because they still owed United Artists a movie; after Help!, they didn't want to appear in another one themselves. (Magical Mystery Tour was a TV special, not made for UA... and it bombed.) The Beatles contributed ideas, and some leftover songs to give the movie new material; their speaking voices were again supplied by actors. When the band saw the rough cut of the movie they liked it, and agreed to appear in a live epilogue to the story. In the 1970s, Lennon's opinion of the cartoon show softened, and he admitted to a friend that he got "a blast out of watching those old Beatles cartoons on TV." His son Sean saw Yellow Submarine at his babysitter's house, recognized his dad, and came home asking about the Beatles. Lennon explained that yes, he'd been one, but he gave that up to be with Sean.

Historically no, women have been restricted from submarine duty for various reasons, the biggest being the sheer tightness of quarters and lack of any privacy whatsoever onboard. While females have been riding submarines for many years, they've typically been officers or civilian contractors in limited numbers for short periods.

However, the current "administration" has recently announced its intention to open submarine duty up for females. Whether it'll happen is another story - social experiments are great ideas, but in reality they don't often work in forced situations where there has been good reason not to do it. The idea of serving on a submarine is great when you don't know the extreme risks to health involved - that's why it's all-volunteer and considered hazardous duty. Also, most wives of submarine sailors have never been comfortable with the idea of females in numbers in such tight spaces (no pun intended). Most believe that for it to really work, females should have their own boat - submarines aren't like ships in that they aren't designed for mixed-gender crews. There are many who also forget that the Submarine force is all-volunteer - if they start putting females on subs, male sailors can always un-volunteer themselves real fast, forcing a major fleet resource problem. The Navy can only prolong transfers for so long - if someone doesn't want to serve on a boat anymore, they don't have the right to keep them from transferring. The likeliest scenario would be the backbone of the force, senior enlisteds, which would fundamentally cause an experience meltdown and a personnel crisis within the force itself that would take years to recover from, if it ever did. Most submariners don't think that women can't do the job - it's the cultural and psychological problem of having women in tight spaces in non-private areas for extended periods (months). Even having women riders in the past have made crews uncomfortable for the short duration of their stays, and those women were restricted to certain areas of the boat and had their own private quarters.

Fast Attacks are too tight regarding spaces and quarters, where sailors typically share a bunk (hot bunking) - one person is on watch where the other is asleep and better quarters are only afforded for senior enlisted and officers. To make such quarters available for junior females would cause a lot of discontent through the force, orders or not. They'd comply, but again, it's all-volunteer, and the job is stressful enough. The divorce rate for submarine sailors is around 70% already.

FBM submarines are likely the best place for women - they're much larger and have 6 man staterooms for crewmembers. It'll be interesting to see how it proceeds - having worked at the highest levels of the Navy and a former submariner myself, I can already see the problems ahead. Most other navies do not allow women on submarines either for similar reasons, and those that do only have Diesel-Electric submarines. Nuclear powered boats pose a lot more health risks to women, which is why the Royal Navy has strictly forbidden women from submarine duty. Health problems are common for most submariners, and it's one of the reasons it's considered hazardous duty.

One question that all prospective women should be asked before volunteering (though it'll never happen) is "Are you willing to risk losing your ability to have kids?". Nuclear submarines are one big health hazard - few crewmembers leave the service without some submarine related health problem. For me, it was asthma and an inability to sleep properly. Others, suicide, cancer, and other things that are classified that I still can't talk about. As I said, it's easy to want something when you're not aware of all the risks, and those risks are classifed Secret and not made public.

Yes, submarines use sonar. At least all the military ones do, and a number of research submarines use it as well. One way to look at sonar is by dividing it into two basic types: active and passive. Let's look at each one and the uses should become plain. Active sonar is the generation of a "ping" or sonic signal and the transmission through the water of that signal. Sonar equipment then listens to any return echo and plots something that is (hopefully) useful in determining what may be there and how far away it is. Military submarines have this equipment, but rarely use it actively. Passive sonar is the use of the reveivers to listen to what sounds may be in the water to determine what may be out there and how far away it is. This is what is "the norm" for the boats. They slide through the dark water "listening their way" along. Active sonar uses a transmitted ping and listens to the echo, and the ping can be heard by others much farther away than the equipment can actually be used to resolve a contact. Other submarines (and other military listening equipment on ships, aircraft or affixed to the ocean floor) can hear the active ping and can then know that another submarine is out there and can locate it. A crude analogy might be a security guard looking for someone in a large, dark, container filled warehouse using a flashlight. The individual avoiding the guard could see the light and know where the guard was and could avoid him fairly easily without the guard really having a good chance of finding him. The use of active sonar by a (military) submarine is akin to this, and the boats don't go active with the sonar except once in a great while to test it. Submarines don't use active sonar to avoid underwater obstacles because they operate in water that is so deep that it is effectively "bottomless" to the boat.

90% of an iceberg is underwater. Ships or any other type of boats sailing in very cold regions have the possibility of misjudging the size of an iceberg and hitting them. The ship can crash into an iceberg that creates a hole in the ship and floods everyone on the ship. Example: Titanic

The submarine you are thinking about was the USS Nautilus. It was the world's first nuclear powered submarine and commissioned into the US Navy in 1955

new subs are nuclear powered

pressurised water is filled in the outer cell. and air is removed.

A "Hatch" is the naval term for a door .

Yes

The water is kept under pressure, which raises the boiling point of the water (the same concept behind pressure cookers). Therefore, the water will still be liquid at temperatures greater than 100 degrees C.

USA has the most nuclear submarines

It floats and sink by changing its buoyancy. The primary method of controling buoyancy is the ballast tanks. The air is let out of them and is displaced by water. This gives the submarine negative buoyancy, which will get the submarine to submerge. By blowing or pumping air into those ballast tanks, the submarine becomes buoyant and rises to the surface.

No, submarines do not explore the lithosphere. The word lithosphere is roughly equivalent to "rock sphere" and submarines don't move through rock.