Submarines

Depends on the type of submarine...

This is an old and a common term. The torpedo has been used since the first submarine's were used in war time.

The key major design improvements to submarines since WWII are:

1. Nuclear Power - no other single improvement to submarines matches the advent of nuclear propulsion, spearheaded by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover and the design of the Nautilus. Before nuclear power, submarines weren't true submersibles - they were surface vessels that had a limited submerged attack capability. They primarily traveled on the surface, and even often attacked on the surface with deck guns rather than torpedoes against small targets of opportunity. Nuclear Power changed all that - with the ability to make fresh water, no need for refueling, and the ability to control the environment, the only limitation a modern submarine has is its crew.

2. Hull design - As I said, up to WWII, submarines were essentially surface vessels, and they were designed as such. Their design also limited their diving depth capability. The teardrop and cigar shaped hull design (spherical hulls are much stronger at deeper depths), along with innovations in hull material, dramatically increased underwater speeds. Previously, submarines could run faster on the surface than they could underwater - the opposite is true today. Submarines can run much faster underwater than they can on the surface.

3. Sonar - Though as a former Sonarman myself I'm still bound by National Security oaths, I can say that the Cold War saw the development of submarine sonar grow substantially over 30 years. In the submarine world, he who hears the other first wins, and until the John Walker spy case was broken, the NATO alliance had a clear sonar advantage over the Soviets. Walker, along with Toshiba Corp. selling key milling equipment to the Soviets that allowed them to quiet their submarine screws considerably, allowed the Soviets to achieve acoustic parity with NATO faster than they were capable of doing on their own.

4. Weapons - Submarine weapons development has increased significantly since WWII. Though torpedoes and cruise missiles were used shortly after WWII in Korea, the advent of nuclear power meant that larger boats with bigger weapons loads and capabilities could be designed. Submarines were also built as 2 separate platforms, Fast-Attack (my old domain) and Ballistic Missile. Some FBM submarines have now been converted to Cruise Missile launch platforms after the SALT II treaty was signed, and the end of USSR, and newer submarines are built with vertical launch cruise missile tubes. Longer range missiles, and improvements in torpedo guidance (acoustic and wire) make it virtually impossible for a boat with an active torpedo locked on its stern to evade it successfully.

5. Acoustic silencing - Improvements in Sonar capability are useless if your own boat is a noisemaker. The science of making submarines quieter has reached a level where they are virtually undetectable by our own boats unless at very close range (no, I can't tell you how close). However, a savvy Sonar gang can spot that as well - the ocean always has ambient background noise, and a "blank noise" spot moving through the ocean is a dead giveaway. The biggest, though not newest, development that has become standard on modern submarines are anechoic hull coatings which absorb sound and also keep internal sound from radiating further than a boat without it. The technology has been around for over 40 years, but was considered too expensive to put as standard equipment on all submarines during the Cold War as NATO knew the sonar limitations of the USSR. That strategy changed when the Soviets learned how to make their boats quieter from spy John Walker.

6. Battery Technology - While Nuclear Power is the power plant of choice for most blue-water navies, Diesel Electric boats are still used by many countries. As such, battery technology has reached a level where DE's can now remain submerged for weeks, where their WWII counterparts could only remain under for hours. Their speed is still limited by their battery though, and having to snorkel means they're a noisemaker - and a target for any nuclear submarine. It should be said though that the first thing taught in Sonar school is that there is nothing quieter in the ocean than a DE on the battery - I can attest to that fact myself.

Their authorities are completely different.

In general however, the FBI agent can have much more negative impact on the average person's life than a sergeant in the army.

If you are meaning to U-boats as in World War two?

Than U-boats certainly mean "Underwater Boats"

Professional skills aren't necessarily the key requirement; being able to deal with being locked up in a steel pipe for long periods and damage control knowledge are the biggest.

Essentially the main requirement is mental - you can't be claustrophobic, be physically healthy, and be able to react swiftly and knowingly if an accident or catastrophic failure occurs.

By mud slides

It was attacked in 1942 by german u-boats because they were producing jet fuel for the americans.

Japanese submarine tender Komahashi ended on 1945-11-30.

If your talking about the submarine gloves I suggest looking in treasure chest. If your talking about a water kind of submarine, you can't make it in alchemy or anywhere in the game.

In port, submarines are accessed from a pier by a brow or gangway, essentially a portable walkway lowered into place by a crane from the pier to the main deck of the boat.

At sea, it depends on the vessel's size; for tugboats or pilot vessels, they have a an extendable brow; for small boats, passengers leave the vessel and come aboard using a Jacob's Ladder.

For helo transfers, the helo lowers a ladder or line, and the passenger embarks or disembarks. A crewmember on the deck must be in place to ground the line to the deck to discharge any static electricity buildup from the rotors, lest anyone on deck be shocked by a static discharge if touched by the line.

Revolutionary War, TURTLE built by David Bushnell in 1776, piloted by Sgt. Lee of the American Continental Army. Built of wood, shaped like an egg, with copper fittings.

All modern submarines have very loud foghorns, usually mounted in the forward part of the sail, which are powered by high-pressure compressed air. They are extremely loud; submarines are hard enough to spot on the surface in good weather, much less in low visibility, and everything is done to try and ensure oncoming vessels know there's someone there.

What is the question. -That is just a convoluted ststement

Commander Bart Mancuso is the name of fictional Commanding Officer of the USS Dallas (SSN-700) (a real submarine in the U.S. Navy), in the movie "The Hunt for Red October". The role of Mancuso was played by noted actor Scott Glenn.

Take a look at the link to the left under the blue pod for the answer. Note also that submarines did enter the harbour in 1942. See the related question for more about those attacks.

The Sussex Pledge

The difference in elevation between the two is 25300 plus 440, or 25740 feet.

Underwater objects are usually tracked by means of the sounds given off by an object. For a submarine, sound is generated largely by its propellers as they churn through the water. However, the engines and some other parts also generate noise. These noises are detected by a submarine's sonar (sound detection and ranging equipment).

Objects can also be located by reflected sound waves, known as "active sonar". A "ping" or sound wave is generated into the water. Any differences in the returning sound indicates the location of an object or structure underwater. This technique can also be used to map the ocean floor.

Only the few thousand kilograms that is in the core already. The reactor core is manufactured by one of the "big" suppliers of nuclear materials. All the fuel is welded inside tubes or plates. The tough metal covering is called cladding, and clad fuel makes up a fuel element. The fuel elements are assembled in what are called fuel bundles, and the fuel bundles are arranged in the core with the control rods and some monitoring ports included. Then the whole thing is sealed inside the pressure vessel with big bolts and nuts, and with a welded seam. With all the fuel in the core, the submarine is off on its rounds. When the core reaches the end of its usable life, refueling is scheduled. The boat enters a properly equiped yard, goes into drydock, and has a hole cut in the hull over the pressure vessel. The lid of the pressure vessel is opened and lifted, and the fuel bundles removed and replaced. Then it's all put back together. With the system tested and accepted by the Navy, the boat returns to service. There is no "gas tank" or "spare fuel" aboard in this light. There is diesel fuel for the emergency diesel generator system aboard, but that's it. The actual range of the boat is limited by the amount of provisions that can be stored aboard. Fuel for energy and the making of drinking water is not a problem. There are some 10 years of life (give or take) built into the core. Prepare to dive.

The United States currently fields both the largest Navy in the world, and currently the largest active submarine fleet. However, the US only operates Nuclear Submarines, the last Diesel-Electric boat being donated some years ago for research use. Many other nations operate DE submarines because of the lower cost, and because they don't have "blue water" navies - those which are global in nature. They only provide coastal defense.

The Yeti Crab was first viewed by marine biologists using ALVIN (DSV-2) to explore hydrothermal vents along the Antarctic-Pacific border, south of Easter Island. During one dive, French marine biologist Michel Segonzac noticed the crab and asked ALVIN's pilots to collect a specimen for return to the surface.

Submarines do get sunk in the sea.

Nuclear energy is used to power most modern submarines