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Submarines
Submarines are naval craft that can operate for an extended period of time underwater. They are used primarily as warships, as well as for business, scientific and other purposes. Submarines are different from submersibles, which only have limited underwater capability.
2,056 Questions
What are some disadvantages of a remote controlled submarine?
The biggest disadvantage is the remote submersibles or DSRV's require either a tether for support, or are limited in mission scope and length. In both cases, they require a support vessel (tender) to accomplish their mission; with manned untethered submersibles, the environment is limited and must be replenished on the surface. With unmanned ROV's, their primary limit is the length of the support cable they're tethered to.
Why can not submarines reach the deepest part of the ocean?
high water presure
Ans 2 - modern submarines dive deeper than ever before, yet still don't commonly go deeper than 1,500 feet or so. Submarine hulls are elongated cylinders and have many holes, all sealed by something, but nevertheless, weak points in the hull.
A submarine generally has at least 3 entry ports for personnel or weapons, ports for shooting torpedos or missiles, holes where planes and fins and periscopes are attached, and of course for the drive shafts. All of these holes prevent really deep diving. - Sealing against 1,500 feet of pressure is vastly different than sealing against 30,000 feet of pressure !
The deepest parts of the oceans are over 30,000 feet down with tremendous water pressure. The only devices to survive that deep are perfectly spherical and with the least possible number of hull penetration points.
What were torpedoes used for in WW1?
Sinking merchant shipping suspected by Germany of supplying allies. Also some naval battles.
How are periscopes used in real life?
There are many types of periscopes used in different applications. A periscope is useful anywhere where you cannot or do not want to stick you head out to see something.
Most commonly periscopes are associated with submarines, where they are used to look above the water without having the boat surface. This lets the sailors see the situation while being safely hidden underwater.
Periscopes are also used in tanks to see without sticking out of the hatch. This keeps the crew from getting shot when they are checking out the battlefield. There are also trench periscopes used for the same reason. Also, fortifications such as bunkers can have periscopes to see without going outside.
Police sometimes use periscopes (although cameras are more common now) to look around corners.
There are even periscope peepholes that were used in doors, which are a periscope mounted on the door sideways. The idea was that an attacker might ring the doorbell and shoot under the peephole when hearing someone walk up to the door. Having the eyepiece off to the side would keep the person inside out of the line of fire.
What submarine sank the most tonage during World War 2?
In the U.S. submarine force, USS Flasher (SS-249) sank the most tonnage according to official records, 21 ships totaling 100,231 tons.
What are people in a submarine called?
The submarine is manned by the crew, and crew members are called submariners.
To what depth can submarines go?
WWII US Gato class subs could exceed 400 feet.
ANS 2 - Some modern submarines can dive to at least 1,500 feet, some possibly even 2,000. -The Navies involved will never admit it
What happens if the hull of the submarine is ruptured?
The water would rush in and sink the sub. The pressure would equalise rapidly and when it does, the people inside would be crashed if they were too deep.
Submarines were envisioned long ago as an undersea weapon to be used against surface ships, but technology could not deliver one for practical naval warfare for hundreds of years following their ideation.
Though modern historians credit the submarine's invention to one individual, it's not quite that cut and dry. As it is probable that the earliest sailors wondered what it might be like to sail beneath the sea, it might be best to say that the submarine appeared as the result of a journey of many technological and scientific steps over hundreds of years. The creation of a pressure hull of sorts had to be coupled with solutions to problems associated with buoyancy as well as water pressure. All this had to be merged with weapons, crew facilities, and the critical issue of suitable propulsion, air, ballast control, etc. Imagine trying to build a fully functioning submarine with the tools of a blacksmith.
While there were many who contributed to submarine development over the centuries, there are several key individuals who are responsible for advancing submarine design, development, and engineering over the course of several hundred years, ultimately leading to the technologically advanced submarines we have today:
Leonardo da Vinci
Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel
William Bourne
David Bushnell
Robert Fulton
Horace Hunley
John P. Holland
Hyman G. Rickover
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci conceptualized the submarine, and it is possible (probable) that others could have thought of the idea of an undersea vehicle, but the technology to put a working model in the water and safely and effectively operate it didn't come along for over a century following Leonardo.
William Bourne /Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel
Historians credit the invention of the submarine to William Bourne, a British mathematician and ex-Royal Navy gunner who published a design in 1578. The first navigable submarine for which reliable construction data exists was built from Bourne's design in 1620 by Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel, a Dutch inventor in the employ of King James I of England.
David Bushnell's Turtle
David Bushnell's submarine Turtle, designed by Bushnell and built in Old Saybrook, Connecticut in 1775, was so named because it looked like a turtle due to its shape. It was manually powered, constructed of wood, heavily covered in pitch and reinforced with metal bands. Though it is considered the first submarine used in combat (Revolutionary War) its attacks on British warships were never successful. This was due in large part because it didn't have a way to penetrate the copper cladding around the lower part of British warship hulls. It was sunk by the British while attached to its tender.
Robert Fulton's Nautilus
Robert Fulton's submarine Nautilus, designed between 1793-97, was the first practical working submarine design of record. It had a working ballast system, successfully dove to 25 feet and returned to the surface without any deaths, and successfully attacked stationary targets.
Living in France at the time, Fulton petitioned the French Government twice to fund his project, but was rejected. He later approached the French Minister of Marine to subsidize the construction, and was finally given permission in 1800. Though it had initially impressed the French during trials, the Nautilus suffered from leaks, which is the primary reason Fulton gave up. When Napoleon wanted to see it, he found that Fulton had already dismantled the Nautilus and destroyed many of its key components. Napoleon thought that Fulton was a charlatan, and the French Navy had no use for what they believed then to be a suicidal machine.
Even though Fulton's project didn't continue, the British, wanting to keep control over what appeared to them to be a potentially lethal device, brought Fulton to Britain to continue his submarine work. However, with Nelson's victory over the French fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, the French threat was eliminated, and Fulton was ignored until he finally left to return to America. His papers were left at the U.S. Consul in London, and went undiscovered until 1920. He never again worked on submarine designs, though his contributions to submarine development are still remembered and honored today.
Horace L. Hunley & the H.L. HunleySubmarine
While its place in submarine evolution is small, her place in changing Naval Warfare history forever is significant. The first submarine to successfully sink an enemy combatant, the H.L. Hunley, was commandeered by the Confederate States' Army from its inventor, Confederate Marine Engineer Horace Lawson Hunley, and his business partners.
Built specifically as a submarine by Hunley, it incorporated a hand-cranked screw (7 crewmen) for propulsion, 2 watertight hatches, 2 conning towers (fore and aft), and a working ballast system. Her spar torpedo (essentially a long pole with a remote-detonated explosive charge on the end) was designed to pierce wooden ships with the charge, then back away and detonate it from a safe distance using an attached wire.
It was successfully used to attack and sink the Union sloop-of-war USSHousatonic on February 17, 1864, then anchored in Charleston Harbor, during the the Civil War Union blockade of Charleston, S.C. Often incorrectly referred to as the CSS Hunley, it in fact was never a commissioned warship in the Confederate States of America. It was commandeered by the Confederate Army, crewed by 1 Confederate sailor and 8 Confederate Army soldiers.
Though the Hunley was thought to have been sunk by the explosion of the attack, investigation of historical records showed that she had signaled her base on Sullivan's Island with a blue carbide lamp that her attack was successful, and that she was returning to base. New forensic evidence uncovered after the recovery of the Hunley several years ago revealed that her crew likely died of asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen, while returning to Sullivan's Island. One key factor is that the crew remains were found at their posts, rather than grouped near an exit, which would be the natural response to sinking.
Had they successfully returned from her mission, it is likely that submarine engineering and evolution would've advanced a lot faster than it did.
John Phillip Holland & the Diesel-Electric Submarine
The "better" submarine design, over 30 years after the Hunley's sinking, incorporated internal combustion engines, electric motors, generators, and battery technology. John Phillip Holland's USS Holland(SS-1), the U.S. Navy's first commissioned submarine (launched in May 1897, commissioned in 1900), was the first real effective submarine design. Incorporating rechargeable battery technology and combustion engines for surface transit/battery charging, the Holland is considered the forerunner of all modern submarines.
Holland was also the first to apply for and receive patents on key submarine technology, much of which is essentially the same today, though more advanced in some areas. The company founded to build submarines to his designs, Electric Boat, still survives as one of the United States' premier submarine builders, General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division, in Groton, CT.
Hyman G. Rickover, Nuclear Power, and the Nautilus
Not until the advent of Nuclear Power and the vision of Naval Engineer Hyman G. Rickover (Admiral Rickover, "Father of the Nuclear Navy"), did submarines become true submersibles.
Until that time, submarines were essentially designed as surface vessels that had a limited submerged operational capability, and were designed to run faster on the surface than underwater. Captured U-boats after WWII showed how far the Germans had advanced the art of submarine hull design and technology; while many of these innovations found their way into modern submarines, it was Rickover who realized that harnessing a nuclear reactor in a small design used to power submarines (and later ships) would give submarine warfare a significant technological boost. Unlike diesel-electric technology, nuclear power offers the advantage of huge power generation, which means better equipment (sensors, weapons, navigation, huge fresh water / air generating capacity, etc.), underwater speed (a major departure from previous designs) and virtually unlimited cruising range.
With Rickover's successful pressurized-water reactor design (still in use today) installed on the United States' (and the world's) first nuclear powered submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN-571), nuclear power changed submarine technology and warfare from the limited role that it had in previous conflicts to the multiple mission threat it is today.
The application of Nuclear Power "sealed the deal" and allowed for the development of the highly capable and extremely complex modern submarine. Modern boats are only limited by her crew requirements, can dive deeper and move much faster underwater than on the surface, and have many different tactical capabilities. They are true submarines by every definition.
Do submarine escorts carriers?
YES, almost every large carrier would have at least one submarine as escort.
What is the name of SSN42 submarine?
There is no Nuclear Powered Fast-Attack Submarine (SSN) with the hull designation number of 42. The current Virginia Class numbers are in the 750 series. All Nuclear Fast-Attacks have been designated with numbers in the 500 (beginning with the first, USS Nautilus, SSN-571), 600, and 700 series.
The 2 Seawolf class boats are SSN-21 and SSN-22.
The last boat to carry the hull number of 42 was the USS L-3 (SS-42) (no name, just a number and hull designation) which was commissioned and saw duty during WWI.
However....
The USS Kamehameha (SSN-642) is a converted SSBN (SSBN-642) which was modified for SEAL use in 1992. She fell prey to the end of the Cold War, eventually winding up like most Cold War boats at the Submarine Recycling Program in Bremerton, Washington.
Did submarines have torpedoes in world war 1?
Yes, before cruise missiles came about, submarines were armed solely with torpedoes and, more common in WW2, deck guns.
How does a submarine works that floats then sinks and then again floats?
A submarine sinks as it fills its' ballast tanks with water. Then it uses pressurized air to empty them and float again.
What fuel does a submarine use for cooking?
All submarine ranges and ovens are electric or microwave.
How do submarines determine where they are and how they measure how far away something is?
Submarines have several ways of determining position by navigation:
1. Satellite - GPS - All Submarines have GPS receivers aboard that can help pinpoint their position to within feet on the planet.
2. Electronic Inertial Navigation - Electronic Gyroscope systems maintain a continous plot of where the boat is.
3. Chart Position/Dead Reckoning - the Dead Reckoning plot keeps position under a navigational chart of the area. While not a perfect position, it's better than nothing if everything else isn't working.
4. Radar - Only when used within range of land.
5. Visual - Used primarily when entering port, via sight of landmarks, buoys, etc., matched against a chart of the area.
All submarines use active and passive Sonar to determine target range, though active is more reliable. Passive Sonar requires ship directional course changes and plotting to determine range. Active Sonar works both ways though; use it and you give away your position.
The first navigable submarine was built in 1620 in England by Cornelius Drebbel using English mathematician William Bourne's plans from 1578.
America, 1776, named the TURTLE: Revolutionary War. Piloted by Sgt Lee, Continental Army.
submarines are important because people need to go under the sea and do what they got to do to save the world
How many people can be in a submarine at one time?
If the designed complement is 70 crewmen, then it'll hold 70 men.
What Japanese submarine sunk the USS Indianapolis?
The Japanese B3-type submarine IJN I-58 sunk the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) on July 30, 1945. The Indianapolis was returning from delivering critical parts for the the Fat Man atomic bomb to Tinian Island.
Out of a crew of almost 1196, only 316 survived. Over 300 were killed in the initial attack; 880 sailors went into the water, and many were killed by shark attacks. As the Indianapolis' mission was highly classified, she wasn't reported overdue or missing, and it was only by sheer luck that the last survivors were spotted by a Navy PV-1 Ventura on routine patrol 4 days after the attack.
What was the primary target of German Submarines in World War 1?
Allied cargo ships were the Germans primary targets.
How do submarines shoot in water?
It depends on the weapon (torpedo, missile, mine, or vertical launched missile) but the 2 primary methods are water impulse ejection (torpedoes, torpedo tube launched missiles, mines) and air ejection (vertical launched missiles). Torpedoes also have the ability to swim out (engine startup in the tube) from the torpedo tube if the impulse ejection system is down.
The water impulse system is pretty simple; the tube at the breach end is connected via another vertical tube to a water reservoir that has a piston ram. When high pressure air is dumped from a flask directly into the air side of the piston, it instantly moves the piston ram, forcing the water on the other side of it out of the open tube, ejecting the weapon along with it.
For vertical launched weapons, it's simply a high pressure air bubble that ejects the missile; the rocket motor doesn't actually fire until the weapon clears the ocean surface.
