Supernovae

A supernova occurs when a high mass star dies and becomes a neutron star. As the core collapses because fusion burns out and radiation pressure can no longer hold it up, then degenerate electron pressure can not hold it up, the electrons are forced into the nucleus and combine with protons to form neutrons, the strong force causes the nuclei to merge into one ball of neutrons: a neutron star. The surface of the neutron star is very hard and as additional matter from the original star continues to fall in and merge into the neutron star, a "traffic jam" occurs and the shockwave resulting from this reflects off the super hard surface of the neutron star, driving the supernova explosion. Suddenly everything falling in is now rushing out. This can only occur once.

No. While scientists do not really know what dark energy is or how it works, they do know that its effects are only noticeable across great distances of hundreds of millions to billions of light years, the sorts of distances between galaxy clusters. An individual star is much to small for dark energy to affect its internal dynamics.

The sun is not big enough to supernova. It's not even big enough to nova. The fate of the sun is a Red giant, a white dwarf then a black dwarf. Therefore we don't need to worry about the sun becoming a supernova. We need to worry about the sun expand to the size where it touches Jupiter.

Supernova 1987A was useful because it was the first opportunity for scientists to study a nearby supernova in great detail. It provided valuable insights into the late stages of stellar evolution and the physics of supernova explosions. The data collected from Supernova 1987A has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the life cycle of massive stars and the formation of elements in the universe.

Neutrinos carry away about 99% of the energy released during a supernova explosion, while only about 1% is emitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light, X-rays, and gamma rays). Neutrinos are able to escape the dense core of the collapsing star, carrying a significant amount of energy with them.

Supernova SN 1987A was the closest observed supernova to Earth in almost 400 years, allowing for detailed observations. It was also the first naked-eye supernova since the invention of the telescope. Additionally, SN 1987A marked the first time neutrinos were detected coming from a supernova, which provided valuable insights into the explosion process.

A type-I supernova occurs when a white dwarf star accumulates mass from a companion star until it reaches a critical threshold, triggering a runaway nuclear fusion reaction. This causes the white dwarf to explode in a bright supernova event.

It is right to conclude that a type I supernova is what it is because it managed to take out so much matter from its surrounding neighbor until it exceeded a 1.4M Chandrasekhar limit. Exceeding that limit meant that it had to tip over.

No, a black hole is not typically a supernova remnant. A black hole is formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity, creating a region of spacetime from which nothing, not even light, can escape. On the other hand, a supernova remnant is the leftover material from a massive star's explosion in a supernova event.

Yes, supernovas are responsible for creating and dispersing elements critical for life, such as carbon, oxygen, and iron, into the universe. These elements are formed in the extreme conditions present during the explosive death of massive stars and are then incorporated into new stars, planets, and eventually life forms.

Supernovae and nebulas are similar in that they are both astronomical phenomena related to the lifecycle of stars. Nebulas are vast clouds of gas and dust where stars are born, while supernovae are the explosive deaths of massive stars that release heavy elements into space, enriching the surrounding nebula. Both play critical roles in the formation and evolution of galaxies.

Massive stars, typically with a mass greater than 8 times that of our Sun, explode in a type II supernova. These stars undergo a core collapse followed by a massive explosion, resulting in the release of vast amounts of energy and debris into space.

A white dwarf supernova occurs when a white dwarf star in a binary system accretes material from a companion star, causing it to exceed the Chandrasekhar limit (1.4 solar masses). The core then undergoes a runaway nuclear fusion reaction, leading to a catastrophic explosion that destroys the white dwarf.

Type 2 supernovae occur in massive stars when the iron core reaches a critical mass because fusion of iron absorbs energy rather than releasing it. This causes a buildup of inert iron in the core, leading to a collapse due to lack of outward pressure to counteract gravity. The collapse triggers a powerful explosion, resulting in a Type 2 supernova.

Elements from the entire periodic table, including elements beyond uranium. The elements beyond iron and nickel cannot be formed in ordinary stellar fusion. Most of the cloud of supernova shrapnel is highly radioactive for years or even centuries due to the presence of isotopes with excess neutrons, which causes ionization glow of this material which can be observed with telescopes.

Currently, we do not have the technology to directly harvest energy from supernovae. Supernovae release an immense amount of energy in a short period of time, but they are so far away and the energy is dispersed over a large area, making it impractical to capture. Additionally, the energy released in a supernova is on a scale far beyond our current capabilities to harness.

A supernova provides several important things for the universe. It creates and disperses heavy elements like gold and uranium into space, contributes to the formation of new stars and planetary systems, and releases massive amounts of energy that can influence the surrounding galaxy.

A supernova begins with the collapse and explosion of a massive star. The stellar core collapses under gravity, triggering a shockwave that causes the outer layers of the star to explode outward. This explosion releases a tremendous amount of energy, creating a bright burst of light visible across vast distances.

The earliest recorded supernova was observed by the ancient Chinese astronomers in 185 AD. The supernova, now known as SN 185, was visible in the night sky for several months.

Yes, a star with a mass 10 times greater than the sun can produce a supernova. When massive stars exhaust their nuclear fuel, they undergo a catastrophic explosion called a supernova, leading to the collapse of the star's core and the ejection of its outer layers into space.

When a star undergoes a nova explosion, it ejects its outer layers of gas into space, creating a temporary increase in brightness. In a supernova explosion, the star releases a tremendous amount of energy, resulting in the destruction of the star and the production of heavy elements like iron and nickel.

Supernova explosions are believed to generally result in a black hole, as the core of the star is collapsed into an unimaginably dense point mass. One can't really say that a black hole is any kind of star.

Less powerful nova explosions probably result in pulsars or neutron stars.

During a supernova explosion, high-energy processes, such as fusion and neutron capture, occur, leading to the creation of elements heavier than iron, including carbon. These processes involve enormous amounts of energy and pressure, causing lighter elements to fuse into heavier ones. This is how carbon is produced in supernova explosions.