Sydney Harbour Bridge

16 people died when they were building this bridge and it was also very expensive. 700 people lost of their homes and a senior school lost half their campus. it took a lot of hard work to get this amgnificent monument finished and the very top arch was finally connected at 10pm on the very last day of construction.

around 15,000 people every day and 25,000 on the weekends

Heard of something called Google? Its 19/3/1932

The Hudson river

the bridge shows the crossing of two different cultures

The bridge is one of the most remarkable feats of bridge construction. The bridge, its pylons and its approaches are all important elements in townscape of areas both near and distant from it. The curved northern approach gives a grand sweeping entrance to the bridge with continually changing views of the bridge and harbour. The bridge has been an important factor in the pattern of growth of metropolitan Sydney, particularly in residential development in post World War II years. In the 1960s and 1970s the Central Business District had extended to the northern side of the bridge at North Sydney which has been due in part to the easy access provided by the bridge and also to the increasing traffic problems associated with the bridge (Walker and Kerr 1974). The reputation of the Sydney Harbour Bridge as the world's greatest steel arch rests on its combination of span, width and load bearing capacity, and for the difficulties overcome in its erection. (Sydney Harbour Bridge Conservation Management Plan, p.vii, RTA 1998) The Sydney Harbour Bridge has been assessed as being of State significance. Source ( Sydney Harbour Bridge, approaches and viaducts) LINK BELOW

Materials used to construct the Sydney Harbor Bridge include: About 6,000,000 steel rivets, 2,800 tons of steelwork, including arch and mild steel approach spans, 122,000 cubic meters of rock was excavated for foundations. 95,000 cubic meters of concrete was used. 17,000 cubic meters of granite facing was used on the pylons and piers. 272,000 liters of paint were used for the initial 3 coats of paint. The span of the bridge was constructed using steel (mostly imported from the UK) with the pylons being constructed from granite and concrete. The deck is asphalt and concrete, and there are two railway lines across on concrete sleepers.

On 29 August 1907, the south arm and part of the central section of the Quebec bridge collapsed into the river in a matter of seconds. Of the 86 workers on the bridge at the time, 75 were killed.

A second collapse during construction in 1916 killed another 11 people. The bridge was finally completed in 1919.

Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened to traffic on 19 March 1932.

The bridge was built to connect the Sydney CBD with the North Shore commercial and residential areas on Sydney Harbour. Prior to this, the closest crossing was much further upstream. In 1912, John Bradfield was appointed chief engineer of the bridge project, which also had to include a railway. Plans were completed in 1916 but the start of World War I delayed implementation until 1922. Construction of the bridge began in 1924, and took 1400 men eight years to build at a cost of £4.2 million.

See the related link for more information.

The Harbour Bridge was opened March the 19th 1932 by premier Jack Lang after 6 years of construction.

Since Melbourne does not observe daylight savings time the time difference between Eastern Standard Time and Melbourne Time changes twice a year as the clocks are set back or forward by one hour to accommodate daylight savings in the United States. In the spring the time difference is 15 hours so if it's 2am EST then it would be 5pm in Melbourne. In the fall the difference is 14 hours so if it's 2am EST then it would be 4pm in Melbourne.

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the population of Sydney at June 2009 was 4.4 million. Sydney is the largest city in Australia, but not the national capital.

For the same time period, the Local Government Area of Sydney, i.e. the CBD and surrounding inner city suburbs of the greater metropolitan area, had a population of 177,000.

John Augustus Roebling designed the Brooklyn Bridge, but his son Washington A. Roebling completed the building portion

Construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge cost £4.2 million.

With regard to the cost to human life, sixteen lives were lost during its construction, while up to 800 families living in the path of the proposed Bridge path were relocated and their homes demolished when construction started.

Length of arch span 503 metres

Height of top of arch 134 metres above mean sea level

Height to top of aircraft beacon 141 metres above mean sea level

Width of deck 49 metres

Clearance for shipping 49 metres

Height of pylons 89 metres above mean sea level

Base of each abutment tower 68 metres across and 48 metres long

(two pylons rest on each abutment tower)

Total length of bridge 1149 metres including approach spans

Bearing pins Each of the four pins measures 4.2 metres long

and 368 millimetres in diameter

Thrust on bearings Under maximum load approximately 20,000 tonnes

on each bearing

Number of rivets Approximately 6,000,000

Largest rivet Weighed 3.5 kilograms and was 395 millimetres long

Longest hanger 58.8 metres

Shortest hanger 7.3 metres

Total weight of steelwork 52,800 tonnes including arch and mild steel approach spans

Weight of arch 39,000 tonnes

Rock excavated for foundations 122,000 cubic metres

Concrete used for bridge 95,000 cubic metres

Granite facing used on pylons and piers 17,000 cubic metres

Allowance for deck expansion 420 millimetres

Allowance for arch expansion The arch may rise or fall 18 centimetres due to heating or cooling

Number of panels in arch 28, each 18.28 metres wide

Record tonnage erected 589 tonnes of steelwork was erected on the arch in one day on 26 November 1929

Paint required 272,000 litres of paint were required to give the Bridge its initial three coats

Advantage: It is strong. Also the cables won't break under extreme temperatures.

Disadvantages: Wind is a big factor. It can rock the bridge side to side, causing the cables to become lose.

A cable suspension bridge is a kind of bridge hung from cables.

They will create a model which is similar to that of the dimensions of the prototype. And also the model which is created should hsve same material properties of that of the prototype. And the model can be tested in the laboratory.

The Sydney Harbour Bridge is significant for being the largest steel arch bridge in the world, though not the longest, with the top of the bridge standing 134 metres above the harbour. At 48.8 m wide, it is the widest bridge in the world (as of 2004). Construction of the bridge began in 1924, and took 1400 men eight years to build at a cost of £4.2 million. Sixteen lives were lost during its construction, while up to 800 families living in the path of the proposed Bridge path were relocated and their homes demolished when construction started.

It is also significant for how it was constructed. The arch of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was built in two halves cantilevering from each shore and tying each half back by steel cables that were anchored into U-shaped tunnels excavated into the sandstone rock. Construction of the two halves of the arch began late in 1928, and the two halves were properly joined around 10pm on 19 August 1930.

The Sydney Harbour Bridge provided a vital link for the city of Sydney across the harbour. Before it was built, the only way to travel between the southern side of the harbour, where the city centre is, and the residential north, was by ferry, or by taking a circuitous, 20 kilometre road route involving five bridge crossings. The Sydney Harbour Bridge is also significant because it is where the 28 May 2000 People's Walk for Reconciliation took place. The walk began at North Sydney station and finished at Darling Harbour, and involved some 250,000 people walking across Sydney's Harbour Bridge to show their support of the process of Reconciliation between Aboriginal Australians and white Australians.

In 1811 Palmer built the first American covered bridge over the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. This was a continuous three-span arch truss consisting of two 150-foot spans and one 195-foot span. It is recorded that the city bridge committee in­sisted that the heavy timbers be covered with a roof and siding to preserve and protect the structure from weathering. The bridge thus became known as the Permanent Bridge