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Vaccinations
A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.
1,376 Questions
Why are babies not born with immunity acquired by parents through infection or vaccination?
Actually babies are born with some antibodies from the mother, and will acquire more as long as the baby breastfeeds.
What to do when immunization injection site is red warm and sore?
Talk to your doctor for more specific information.
Cold packs to the site for 20 minutes at a time and Naproxen every 6 hours should relieve the discomfort.
What is the substance in polio vaccine that makes it effective?
Pieces (or synthetic pieces) of the disease causing organism called antigens that can be recognized by the immune system as something that does not belong in the body. This prompts the immune system to produce antibodies that recognize those antigens and attack them the next time they appear, typically when challenged by the real disease causing organism.
What is the substance in a vaccine that stimulates the immune system?
Influenza vaccines are made with either a weakened or dead version of the flu virus that you are getting the vaccination to prevent. The annual flu vaccinations in the US contain the three types of flu viruses that are most likely to be causing illness in that particular flu season, as determined by epidemiologists and virologists. The vaccines are called Live Attenuated (which means weakened) vaccines when they have active influenza viruses in them that provide immunity once your body reacts to the presence of the virus. But they are too weakened to actually make you sick. The annual flu vaccines that are administered in a nasal mist are made with LAIV (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine). Those flu vaccinations that are given with a needle are made with inactivated "dead" virus particles. When your immune system is alerted to the presence of these viruses, it provides an immune response that produces antibodies to prevent that type of virus from being able to make you sick in the future. See the related questions for more details about the ingredients in flu vaccines and other related information.
What gauge and length needle is used in childs flu vaccines?
This is from the CDC's flu vaccine instructions to health care providers:
"The intramuscular route is recommended for TIV. Adults and older children should be vaccinated in the deltoid muscle. A needle length of 1 inch or longer (>25 mm) should be considered for persons in these age groups because needles of <1 inch might be of insufficient length to penetrate muscle tissue in certain adults and older children. When injecting into the deltoid muscle among children with adequate deltoid muscle mass, a needle length of 7/8--1.25 inches is recommended.
Infants and young children should be vaccinated in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. A needle length of 7/8--1 inch should be used for children aged <12 months."
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/acip/dosage.htm
Is it safe to take a shower a day after you get the flu shot?
Yes, it is safe to take a shower a day after you get the flu shot. The shower does not affect how well the flu shot will protect you against the flu.
The warm water may also be good for you to use to increase the circulation in the injection location and help reduce any inflammation or soreness (that can be a result of the vaccination in some people).
Where to get yellow fever vaccine in bhubaneswar?
can i get yellow fever vaccine in bhubanveswar with yellow card
What is the life cycle of a virus called?
A virus is RNA and DNA surrounded by protein. A virus can not live alone without a host cell. The life cycles are: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication and release. During the release process, viruses may escape from the host cell by causing cell rupture viruses typically "bud" from the host cell. During the budding process, a virus acquires the phospholipid envelope containing the embedded viral glycoproteins.
When did measles vaccine become available?
vaccine against rubella became available in 1969. In the 20 years following the introduction of the vaccine, reported rubella cases dropped 99.6%.
Can you have both a seasonal flu shot and a Swine Flu shot?
For the 2011-2012 flu season:
In the US, there may still be some of the 2009-2010 season monovalent H1N1 vaccine, you could ask your health care professional and pharmacist if it will be available for you in the upcoming flu season. But, for the 2011-2012 flu season, it will be included as part of the trivalent seasonal flu shot and won't be separate like in 2009.
According to the information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about the 2011-2012 vaccine, the flu vaccine protects against the three main flu strains that research indicates will cause the most illness during the flu season. This year's influenza vaccine contains the following three influenza virus strains.
The 2011--12 U.S. seasonal influenza vaccine virus strains are identical to those contained in the 2010--11 vaccine. These include A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like, A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like antigens. The influenza A (H1N1) vaccine virus strain is derived from a 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus
The strain of H1N1 influenza listed above that is included in the 2011-2012 seasonal flu vaccine in the US, is the same that caused the H1N1 Pandemic "Swine" Flu in 2009. A separate vaccination for that will not be required and if you had it before, it will not hurt to get it again and might help.
What is the difference between chickenpox with vaccine and chickenpox without vaccine?
Both shingles and chicken pox are caused by the same virus called Varizella Zoster Virus or VZV. The only difference is from how the illness was triggered; Chickenpox occur during childhood, while shingles comes later. VZV remains dormant inside the body after chickenpox. The virus is awakened if the body experiences weakness in its immune system or is triggered by stress.
Also, to add to this answer, shingles is usually on one side, not both sides at the same time. It follows the nerve it has affected. It will either be on the right or left of your body, not both sides.
Shingles is transmitted only by direct contact with the moist lesions. In contrast, chickenpox is transmitted both by contact with lesions and by respiratory droplets.
When was the chickenpox vaccine mandatory?
Chickenpox vaccine first became mandatory in US states in 1997. It is currently mandated in 49 states, with Montana the exception. For information on dates of mandatory vaccine immunization in various states, see related link.
What ages do people need to get shots at?
* In the US, a normal healthy infant would receive a Hepatitis B before leaving the hospital.
* There will be vaccines on schedule at 2, 4, 6 month. There will be more after one year, then 4, then around 11 yo. I did not include the recommended annual flu vaccine for everybody, which start after 6 month old for infant.
* In the US the requirement only applies to those intending to take their child into public schools. In that case it can happen at any time before school admissions.
In Canada, for example, if you have vaccinations too early they won't be valid and will need to be repeated. Even they have a push for some vaccines as early as 2 months, but many parents in both the US and Canada choose to wait until the age of 2 before starting vaccinations. If a mother breast feeds her child until teething any immunity she has would be conferred on the child until about 2 years making it completely safe to wait. (Passively Acquired Immunity)
The problem with waiting is the number of vaccinations they want your child to have. If you follow the American schedule your child will have about 20 shots by the age of 2 and still won't be done, meaning your child will need more frequent shots to get them in time to go to school if you wait. Many parents make the choice to never vaccinate, citing cases of contamination.
If you obtain a religious exception your child can go to public school without vaccinating, however, be aware that in the case of an epidemic a school can without your knowledge or consent vaccinate your child. Though some areas will allow your child to be temporarily removed from public schooling instead. It is, to put is simply, far too involved to give you one answer. There are many options and you.
When you get swine flu, several symptoms occur:
First you have a really bad cough, and some breathing problems
Some people experience nausea and vomiting
A few days after exposure you get a fever
Fatigue and aches and pains follow
Coughing worsens
This goes on for about a week
After a week, symptoms are relieved to some coughing and a fever
After 24 hours of no fever you are no longer contagious
Then your immune system defeats the virus and you are resistant
(I should know, I had it!)
Hope that helped
What 2 scientist developed a vaccine that brought polio under control?
Salk & Sabin
- The Salk vaccine was the first and is a traditional killed virus vaccine administered by injection.
- The Sabin vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine usually administered as a drop of liquid placed on a sugar cube and taken by mouth.
Why do doctors recommend that people get a flu shot each new flu season?
Because each season the flu shot contains a new range of flu virus strains to protect against that year's likely flu types. The types are continuously changing because a virus such as the influenza mutates quickly, making it difficult for the immune system to recognize and destroy the new strains, and necessitating a new vaccine.
Can you get a flu shot if you have shingles?
It would be good to speak to your health care professional about that. It depends mostly on the stage of the shingles at the time and if you are taking any anti-viral medications for the shingles.
What are the uses of vaccines?
a preparation of direct manipulation of genes of weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection.
MMR is usually given subcutaneously.
Live attenuated parenteral vaccines such as MMR are recommended by the manufacturers to be administered via the subcutaneous route. However, the efficacy of this vaccine is probably not adversely affected by the intramuscular rather than subcutaneous route. In addition, it is unnecessary to repeat doses of vaccine administered by the intramuscular route rather than by the subcutaneous route.
yes
Does the flu shot prevent really bad colds?
No, the virus that causes a common cold is different than the virus that causes influenza. However, for some people, the symptoms for some types of flu are very similar to the symptoms of a really bad cold, but the vaccine just doesn't work to provide immunity for colds. There currenlty is no vaccine for colds.
What is attenuated flu vaccine?
Attenuated simply means "weakened". An attenuated flu vaccine refers to vaccines made with live viruses (so you get a good immune response), but they have been weakened chemically so that they are unable to give you the flu.
There are two types of flu vaccines available in the US. What is called inactivated, inactive or "dead" vaccine and what is called "live", weakened/attenuated vaccine. The injectable vaccines (intradermal and intramuscular) are made with "dead" viruses and the nasal spray is made with "live" attenuated viruses.
What describes how a vaccine works?
The contents of vaccines vary, but it usually contains a disease (dead or alive: in weakened or harmless state).
Why measles vaccination is done after 9 months of age?
When measles vaccine is given too early, maternal antibodies that the baby got before birth interfere with the body's ability to develop an immune response to the vaccine. This blunting from maternal antibodies doesn't affect all vaccines, but hampers response to the MMR and varicella vaccines, so these are given after twelve months (not 9 months).
Different vaccines have different risks. No medication is 100% without risk, and vaccines are included in that. However, there is always ongoing vaccination monitoring for problems and they would be removed from the market if there were proven adverse effects in more than a fraction of people vaccinated. The FDA has approved for use any that are used in the US and they evaluate all trials and studies for safety and effectiveness before approval. If vaccinations are recommended by your physician, who has already weighed the benefits vs the risks before recommending them, the vaccines are going to be safer than the disease will be if you get it because you did not get the vaccine.
For the flu vaccines in particular:
There is discussion of concerns about flu vaccinations online at various sources. One of those concerns is about traces of mercury that are in flu vaccines from the preservative used in the vaccines called thimerosal.
There is no scientific data to support the concerns that some have voiced about the preservative thimerosal. There is no direct cause and effect data from scientific studies that link autism or other health problems to the thimerosal. The minuscule amount of mercury in the preservative's compound ingredients is no more than would be obtained through a meal of fish.
However, there are some manufacturers who have developed single doses of flu vaccine that will not contain the thimerosal, which may be available to those who have this concern. The larger 10cc vials will have to have the preservative added, but single dose vials and single dose pre-loaded syringes may be an option for some. Discuss this with your health care professional in advance of presenting for the vaccination if you have these concerns.
How late can you get a flu shot this season?
Usually if you haven't had one by February in the Northern Hemisphere, there is no point, since the time it takes for the shot to work to protect you will likely take you beyond the most active parts of flu season (typically October to March).
It will not hurt to have one later than that, it will still protect you from the flu that the vaccines in the shot are made for if that flu comes around again in another season. Ask the pharmacist how long they will have vaccine available for the 2010-2011 season. (Walgreen's is cheaper than most places in the US these days at under $20 ~ no affiliation, just a helpful tip.)
