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Vaccinations

A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.

1,376 Questions

Can you get vomiting and diarrhea from the flu shot?

No. The "stomach flu" is not actually a type of influenza, it is a misnomer. There is currently no vaccine for the virus that does cause this gastroenteritis (usually a norovirus) called "stomach flu". It is actually viral gastroenteritis, also sometimes called "Norwalk Flu." Therefore, the seasonal flu vaccination protects against an entirely different type of virus. In addition, it can not give you the stomach flu (or any type of flu) since it is made from inactivated or weakened virus particles that are not able to make you sick. Sometimes the influenza viruses themselves can cause vomiting and other GI symptoms along with the respiratory disease and therefore, it may not be the "stomach flu" causing those symptoms if you have other symptoms of the respiratory disease of the flu.

Do vaccines kill diseases?

Vaccines are not intended to kill, cure, or treat the flu, bacteria, or a different viral disease. Instead, they are for preventing the infection in the first place.

A vaccination is an introduction of the infectious agent (either killed or weakened so it can't make you sick) before you become exposed or sick from it being in your environment. Your body attacks it as if it were the actual active and full strength organism and as if you had a real infection. Once your body has done that, you are immune to that infection for life. Some viruses, like cold and flu, are able to mutate easily and quickly and that sometimes requires a whole new vaccine to prevent the new version.

When you get a vaccination, you are injected with a very small amount of the bacteria or virus inside your body (or for some types of vaccinations you can drink the vaccine or sniff it into your nose from a mist). Your immune system sends cells to fight the disease. After a period of time, usually a week or two after the vaccination, your body has learned how to fight that particular infection any time the organism and you cross paths again. Because you have already technically gotten the infection (because of that little bit in the vaccine) you have become immune to it so it doesn't make you sick any more.

Why cant a vaccine ever be completely safe?

For the most part, they are completely safe (as much or more safe than any medicine is), and much more safe than getting the infectious disease they are designed to prevent; most of which can be deadly in some people. This is the position of most health care professionals, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US, and the World Health Organization (WHO), to name only a few of the public health and medical entities who recommend vaccinations.

The most severe problem with vaccinations are in people who are allergic and have a reaction. In some people these can be life-threatening if not treated immediately to prevent anaphylactic shock. Having said that, serious allergic responses are not common from most vaccines in use today. (See the related question below about vaccinations in those with allergy to eggs or chicken protein.) The US and most nations have monitoring programs in place for reporting by doctors or patients when there is a suspected problem caused by the vaccines so they can be investigated.

There are ingredients in some vaccines that have been inappropriately linked to various diseases and disorders by some people (usually those who oppose all vaccine programs) and by a few who believe there is a conspiracy to introduce foreign substances/chemicals in our bodies by government authorities. Most of these claims are not proven and many have been studied and disproved scientifically. See more related questions below for additional information about the safety of vaccinations.

How did vaccines change the way you fight disease?

vaccines contain deactivated or killed remanants ,derivatives of the organism against which the immunity is sought. vaccines act by stimulating memory cells in the immune system which inturn maintain a template of the infecting organism,so when the real infection takes place the body immune system is ready to take on the infecting organism

What is BCG vaccination?

The BCG vaccine is given to prevent tuberculosis. This vaccine is anywhere between 0 percent and 80 percent effective in preventing tuberculosis.

How many vaccines does a 10 year old need?

21 vaccines before the age of six, and generally 6 more before the age of 18, for a total of 27 in childhood. Some vaccines are given multiple times (for example, the DTaP - diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis - is given 5 times).

How long does it take vaccines to become effective?

At the end of the series. You should have a titre drawn to see if you are immune to the thing for which you were vaccinated.

Why are babies not born with immunity acquired by parents through infection or vaccination?

Actually babies are born with some antibodies from the mother, and will acquire more as long as the baby breastfeeds.

What to do when immunization injection site is red warm and sore?

Talk to your doctor for more specific information.

Cold packs to the site for 20 minutes at a time and Naproxen every 6 hours should relieve the discomfort.

What is the substance in polio vaccine that makes it effective?

Pieces (or synthetic pieces) of the disease causing organism called antigens that can be recognized by the immune system as something that does not belong in the body. This prompts the immune system to produce antibodies that recognize those antigens and attack them the next time they appear, typically when challenged by the real disease causing organism.

What is the substance in a vaccine that stimulates the immune system?

Influenza vaccines are made with either a weakened or dead version of the flu virus that you are getting the vaccination to prevent. The annual flu vaccinations in the US contain the three types of flu viruses that are most likely to be causing illness in that particular flu season, as determined by epidemiologists and virologists. The vaccines are called Live Attenuated (which means weakened) vaccines when they have active influenza viruses in them that provide immunity once your body reacts to the presence of the virus. But they are too weakened to actually make you sick. The annual flu vaccines that are administered in a nasal mist are made with LAIV (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine). Those flu vaccinations that are given with a needle are made with inactivated "dead" virus particles. When your immune system is alerted to the presence of these viruses, it provides an immune response that produces antibodies to prevent that type of virus from being able to make you sick in the future. See the related questions for more details about the ingredients in flu vaccines and other related information.

What gauge and length needle is used in childs flu vaccines?

This is from the CDC's flu vaccine instructions to health care providers:

"The intramuscular route is recommended for TIV. Adults and older children should be vaccinated in the deltoid muscle. A needle length of 1 inch or longer (>25 mm) should be considered for persons in these age groups because needles of <1 inch might be of insufficient length to penetrate muscle tissue in certain adults and older children. When injecting into the deltoid muscle among children with adequate deltoid muscle mass, a needle length of 7/8--1.25 inches is recommended.

Infants and young children should be vaccinated in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. A needle length of 7/8--1 inch should be used for children aged <12 months."

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/acip/dosage.htm

Is it safe to take a shower a day after you get the flu shot?

Yes, it is safe to take a shower a day after you get the flu shot. The shower does not affect how well the flu shot will protect you against the flu.

The warm water may also be good for you to use to increase the circulation in the injection location and help reduce any inflammation or soreness (that can be a result of the vaccination in some people).

What is the life cycle of a virus called?

A virus is RNA and DNA surrounded by protein. A virus can not live alone without a host cell. The life cycles are: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication and release. During the release process, viruses may escape from the host cell by causing cell rupture viruses typically "bud" from the host cell. During the budding process, a virus acquires the phospholipid envelope containing the embedded viral glycoproteins.

When did measles vaccine become available?

vaccine against rubella became available in 1969. In the 20 years following the introduction of the vaccine, reported rubella cases dropped 99.6%.

Can you have both a seasonal flu shot and a Swine Flu shot?

For the 2011-2012 flu season:

In the US, there may still be some of the 2009-2010 season monovalent H1N1 vaccine, you could ask your health care professional and pharmacist if it will be available for you in the upcoming flu season. But, for the 2011-2012 flu season, it will be included as part of the trivalent seasonal flu shot and won't be separate like in 2009.

According to the information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about the 2011-2012 vaccine, the flu vaccine protects against the three main flu strains that research indicates will cause the most illness during the flu season. This year's influenza vaccine contains the following three influenza virus strains.

The 2011--12 U.S. seasonal influenza vaccine virus strains are identical to those contained in the 2010--11 vaccine. These include A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like, A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like antigens. The influenza A (H1N1) vaccine virus strain is derived from a 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus

The strain of H1N1 influenza listed above that is included in the 2011-2012 seasonal flu vaccine in the US, is the same that caused the H1N1 Pandemic "Swine" Flu in 2009. A separate vaccination for that will not be required and if you had it before, it will not hurt to get it again and might help.

What is the difference between chickenpox with vaccine and chickenpox without vaccine?

Both shingles and chicken pox are caused by the same virus called Varizella Zoster Virus or VZV. The only difference is from how the illness was triggered; Chickenpox occur during childhood, while shingles comes later. VZV remains dormant inside the body after chickenpox. The virus is awakened if the body experiences weakness in its immune system or is triggered by stress.

Also, to add to this answer, shingles is usually on one side, not both sides at the same time. It follows the nerve it has affected. It will either be on the right or left of your body, not both sides.

Shingles is transmitted only by direct contact with the moist lesions. In contrast, chickenpox is transmitted both by contact with lesions and by respiratory droplets.

When was the chickenpox vaccine mandatory?

Chickenpox vaccine first became mandatory in US states in 1997. It is currently mandated in 49 states, with Montana the exception. For information on dates of mandatory vaccine immunization in various states, see related link.

What ages do people need to get shots at?

* In the US, a normal healthy infant would receive a Hepatitis B before leaving the hospital.

* There will be vaccines on schedule at 2, 4, 6 month. There will be more after one year, then 4, then around 11 yo. I did not include the recommended annual flu vaccine for everybody, which start after 6 month old for infant.

* In the US the requirement only applies to those intending to take their child into public schools. In that case it can happen at any time before school admissions.

In Canada, for example, if you have vaccinations too early they won't be valid and will need to be repeated. Even they have a push for some vaccines as early as 2 months, but many parents in both the US and Canada choose to wait until the age of 2 before starting vaccinations. If a mother breast feeds her child until teething any immunity she has would be conferred on the child until about 2 years making it completely safe to wait. (Passively Acquired Immunity)

The problem with waiting is the number of vaccinations they want your child to have. If you follow the American schedule your child will have about 20 shots by the age of 2 and still won't be done, meaning your child will need more frequent shots to get them in time to go to school if you wait. Many parents make the choice to never vaccinate, citing cases of contamination.

If you obtain a religious exception your child can go to public school without vaccinating, however, be aware that in the case of an epidemic a school can without your knowledge or consent vaccinate your child. Though some areas will allow your child to be temporarily removed from public schooling instead. It is, to put is simply, far too involved to give you one answer. There are many options and you.

Why take the H1N1 vaccine?

When you get swine flu, several symptoms occur:

First you have a really bad cough, and some breathing problems

Some people experience nausea and vomiting

A few days after exposure you get a fever

Fatigue and aches and pains follow

Coughing worsens


This goes on for about a week

After a week, symptoms are relieved to some coughing and a fever

After 24 hours of no fever you are no longer contagious

Then your immune system defeats the virus and you are resistant

(I should know, I had it!)
Hope that helped

What 2 scientist developed a vaccine that brought polio under control?

Salk & Sabin

  1. The Salk vaccine was the first and is a traditional killed virus vaccine administered by injection.
  2. The Sabin vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine usually administered as a drop of liquid placed on a sugar cube and taken by mouth.

Why do doctors recommend that people get a flu shot each new flu season?

Because each season the flu shot contains a new range of flu virus strains to protect against that year's likely flu types. The types are continuously changing because a virus such as the influenza mutates quickly, making it difficult for the immune system to recognize and destroy the new strains, and necessitating a new vaccine.

Can you get a flu shot if you have shingles?

It would be good to speak to your health care professional about that. It depends mostly on the stage of the shingles at the time and if you are taking any anti-viral medications for the shingles.