Vaccinations

It is a vaccine to prevent Whooping Cough (also known as Pertussis).

Adults should get seasonal influenza vaccine annually.

If you have been exposed to the virus that causes H1N1 Pandemic Swine Flu, either from having had the flu or from getting a vaccination for it, then your body will have made antibodies to the virus, as long as you have a healthy immune system. Once your body has made antibodies to that virus, you are immune to the disease if exposed in the future, as long as it is the exact same virus and not a mutated form of it. This immunity is provided by the previously made antibodies.

Flu shots do not cause autism. Because when one identical twin has autism, the other twin almost always has autism, too, we know that it is in the genes. Some of the genes associated with autism have been identified. But, since there are rare occasions when the other twin does not have autism, it is thought that something extra must trigger the development of autism in those persons who have the genes for it. The factors that could trigger autism genes are not known.

1. to avoid getting the disease ourselves
2. to minimize the severity and duration if we do get the disease
3. to create "herd immunity" in the population, slowing the spread of the disease and reducing the chance of epidemics
4. for a very few very serious diseases highly specific to humans total eradication of the disease in the wild (e.g. this was successfully done for smallpox, was nearly done for polio and could be done in the future, and perhaps another half dozen similar diseases at some point in the distant future)

It is quite normal and not uncommon for your arm to sometimes be tender, red and swollen at the point of the injection of the vaccine. This is due to the desired immune system response to the vaccination. It means the shot is working and so is your immune system. It usually lasts less than 3 days. The best thing to do, even though it may hurt more at first, is to use the arm normally. The more you use it doing normal things, the less it will hurt. You can take mild analgesics like Tylenol or Ibuprofen if it is too uncomfortable, or ask your pharmacist what would be helpful to make you more comfortable. But the best thing is use and time. If it stays sore for longer than a few days, contact your health care professional to be sure that you don't need an exam to rule out a bacterial infection from the needle. Drink plenty of fluids.

The MMR Vaccine contains tiny doses of living but inactivated viruses that cause measles, mumps and rubella. Once these viruses are injected into the body, the immune system will develop certain antibodies against these three diseases shortly following vaccination. Because your body has memory cells it now knows how to defeat these diseases when they enter the body again, and it will know which certain antibodies it needs to produce; these antibodies in your body will give a lifelong protection against these diseases.

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Yes, vaccines contain a weakened form of the disease that is injected into the bloodstream, your immune system detects this weakened disease as a threat and neutralizes it, but also copies the coding of the disease so you can quickly get rid of it if or when it attacks.

Vaccines are not effective against a virus for very long though, due to a virus changing its structure , but for most bacteria diseases it is.

H1N1 is the general name of several influenza viruses, of which H1N1/09, the pandemic swine flu, is one. It is a Type A influenza virus and the H and N stand for the two proteins on the outer surface of the virus. See the related question below with more information about the make up of H1N1.

The first ever polio vaccine was developed by Dr Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh in the early 1950s. It was a killed vaccine that was tested in clinical trials in 1954 and ultimately gained government approval by 1955 for use on the common public. There is also another polio vaccine that was developed by Dr Albert Sabin. This vaccine was a live version of the polio virus and is taken orally. It was approved for use in the general public in 1963. == == == == == == == ==

If the microbe is one you've been vaccinated against, and if enough time has passed since the vaccination for full immunity to have been developed by your immune system, then your immune system will be able to recognize and destroy it before it can replicate and cause illness. See the related question below for more information about why you could still get infected even after having received a vaccination, although that is the exception to the rule and usually it does not happen that way.

The vaccine in the flu shot contains either a "dead" (inactive) or a weakened form of the expected invading virus (or viruses) which can not make an otherwise healthy person sick. Our bodies use these antigens (vaccine's virus particles) as a template to create the right antibodies, that will have the right pattern to match and know how to destroy those same viruses in the wild (normal strength), if they enter the body in the future to try to use our cells to replicate themselves. Our bodies remember each virus pattern that is in the vaccinations so that they can make those matching cells to protect us again from that same specific flu strain (or sometimes strains that are very similar).

Our bodies also have the ability to determine when a virus has invaded and, if there is a match to that strain of virus stored from a prior invasion, the immune systems quickly make up a lot of those attack cells, that worked in the past to destroy the invading virus particles. If it is a new invading virus, usually our bodies can make cells that can match just right to destroy the new invader in a week to ten days. (They can sometimes do this even more quickly for bacteria and other microbes).

It is during this time period, when the body is matching and making the attack cells to "kill" the invader, that we feel sick until our body finds the key pattern of cells that will match and destroy that specific virus. The body "remembers" the pattern each time it makes cells that work to kill germs, so any time that same germ comes along again, or even sometimes a similar one, the immune system wastes no time in getting rid of the invading organism, because it knows already what will work. That is why, once we have had a flu virus like H1N1/09 Swine Flu before, we won't get sick from it again. The body will already know what cells to make and will send them out to destroy the invader.

This is also how vaccines help our bodies build up immunity or resistance to viruses and flu. The immune system remembers the pattern of the antibodies it made when it was exposed to the virus particles in the flu shot and if that type of virus turns up in the environment later, the cells are made and attack the virus before it can make us sick.

The first vaccine was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk.

The vaccine was made from dead viruses grown in a monkey kidney tissue culture. Heat and formaldehyde were used to kill the virus.

Many people do get a local reaction to the flu shots. It is the body responding to the presence of the virus that was in the vaccine. This immune response is exactly why you get the vaccination. The body recognizes the invading virus as foreign and sends the attack team to the rescue. The soreness and tender red area should be gone in a few days, if not, then you may need to be sure there is not a local infection from the needle by having it examined by a health care professional.

Usually, even though it seems the wrong thing to do at the time, if you use the muscle where the injection was given, the soreness will go away faster. I ask for my flu shots in my right arm to force myself to use it since I am right handed and now that I've started doing that, I have much less soreness after my flu shots and the soreness lasts a shorter time period.

If you are talking about a reaction that is not localized, as in an allergic reaction with lip, tongue or facial swelling or trouble breathing, then you need to get urgent medical attention since it could be you are allergic to eggs or some other component of the vaccine.

Some questions of safety and public health are complex, and decisions sometimes have to be made that will not be agreeable to everyone. In important matters of public health, or where outbursts of sickness may incur significant medical harm as well as high costs to the people, then a government has the right to require vaccinations.

Pasteur created and tested vaccines for diphtheria, cholera, yellow fever, plague, rabies, anthrax, and tuberculosis.

The thigh is sometimes used for infant immunizations, but not used for older patients.

vaccination is a vaccine that stimulate your immune system to develop adaptive immunity to disease.

An antibiotic actually kills the bacteria that are infecting the host. A vaccine causes the host to develop immunity to a virus. Antibiotics must be taken again if a new infection develops. Vaccines usually cause permanent immunity.

Yes.

For the 2010-2011 flu season in the Northern Hemisphere, the seasonal flu vaccination will include the vaccine for H1N1 (Swine Flu) along with the two other flu viruses that are anticipated to be prevalent this year. So only one flu vaccination is needed for this flu season.

You can still take it even if you had the H1N1/09 flu vaccination last year or if you had the flu last year. It will not hurt to get it again and it will be the most recent strain of that virus, so in case the one you had was slightly different, this one will protect you from it, too.

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In a way, it is. When a person is infected with the varicella zoster virus, the resulting illness is chickenpox. The virus does not leave the body and remains dormant in nerve cells and is later reactivated in about a third of people. Usually this is reactivation associated with a weakening of the immune system, and the symptoms are different from those of the first illness. It is extremely painful, as the nerve endings become inflamed and a rash is present. These symptoms are usually localized, unlike chickenpox which is general.

Mexico, so far.